Autumn wind blows gently, and Dongting waves under the leaves. (Volume 1: Mighty)
Celebrate the wedding day by boasting a white cup.
What are the birds and trees in the apple?
In yuan there, and Li Lan, and I think the childe dare not speak.
Looking from a distance, look at the flowing water.
What do elk eat? What is the source of coke?
Chi Chao Ma Yu Xi Gao Jiang, Xi Ji Xi Lu.
When I hear that beautiful woman calling me, I will drive away.
Build a room in the water, repair it and cover it;
Sun wall Xi purple altar, sowing fragrant pepper Xi into the hall;
Guidong Xi Lan Residence and Yixinmei Xi Pharmacy;
That's a curtain, it's both open;
Yes, the town is square;
Wu, dazzling Du Heng.
A hundred herbs combine with the real court to build a fragrant door.
When nine flowers meet, the spirit comes like a cloud.
The river donated more than I wanted, and Lipu left more than I wanted.
"Zhou Ting ·Xi· Du Ruo will be left behind;
Time can't be sudden, pleasant and inclusive! Missing and loving writers' translation and annotation translation
Xiang Jun landed in Zhou Bei, and he looked at me from a distance, which made me very disappointed.
The trees shook gently, the autumn wind began to cool, and the Dongting waves beat the shore, and the leaves fell.
Standing on a white cup and looking around, I met a beautiful woman tonight.
Why do birds gather in the water plants? Why is the fishing net hanging on the treetops?
The grass in Shui Yuan is green, and the orchids in Lishui are in bloom. I miss Mrs Xiang, but I dare not say it.
Looking into the distance, I saw the river slowly flowing.
Why are elk foraging in the yard? Why do dragons wander by the water?
In the morning, I raced by the river to beat horses, and in the evening, I crossed to the west of the river.
I heard that Mrs Xiang was calling me, so I drove with her.
I want to build my house in the middle of water and cover the roof with lotus leaves.
The wall is decorated with witch hazel, and the altar of the court is covered with purple shells. The walls are covered with peppers to decorate the hall.
Guimu is the pillar, Mulan is the truss, Magnolia is the lintel, and Angelica dahurica is the bedroom.
Woven Ficus pumila to make curtains, and curtains made of grass have been set up.
The seats in the town are made of white jade, and Shi Lan is decorated with fragrance everywhere.
Cover the Lotus House with Cao Zhi and wrap it with Du Heng.
Pick all kinds of flowers and plants, fill the courtyard and build a fragrant porch.
All the gods of Mount Jiuyi came to greet Lady Xiang, and the stars were like clouds.
I threw my sleeves into the river, and I threw my light coat by the Lishui River.
I am picking Du Ruo in Zhou Xiao and giving it to a girl in the distance.
Good times are rare. I'm just browsing.
It is generally believed that Mrs. Xiang is the goddess of women, while Xiang Jun is the goddess of men and spouses. Xiangshui is the largest river unique to Chu. This pair of gods and Mrs. Xiang reflects the primitive people's idea of worshipping natural gods and the concept of "love between god and man" Chu's folk literature and art have a strong religious flavor, and the altar is actually a "theater" or "literary world". Take Mrs. Hexiang as an example: when people offer sacrifices to her, female singers or worshippers play the role of greeting; When offering sacrifices to Mrs. Xiang, male singers or admirers play the role of welcoming Mrs. Xiang and express their deep feelings. They take God as the object and place their simple and sincere love for the world. At the same time, it also embodies the harmony between Chu people and nature. Because the Hunan water injected into southern Chu has a close relationship with Chu people, she is like a loving mother, nurturing Chu people from generation to generation. People place deep love on Hunan water, regard it as a river of love and happiness, and then personalize its description. The image of God also shows the story of joys and sorrows like people, and the God in people's minds is also specifically covered with the shadow of historical legends. Xiang Jun and Mrs Xiang are based on the legends of Shun and his second concubines (E Huang and Nv Ying). In this way, the image of God is not only richer and more vivid, but also closer to people in real life emotionally, making people feel cordial, approachable and full of human feelings.
A Comparative Appreciation of Nine Songs of Xiang Lady One of the eleven poems in the group of Nine Songs of Chu is a poem dedicated to the goddess of Xiang Shui, and it is a companion piece with Nine Songs of Xiang Jun.
Although the title of the poem is "Mrs. Xiang", the hero in the poem is Xiang Jun, and the theme of this poem is mainly to describe the life and death of the two lovers, who never meet each other. Works always take waiting for someone to come as a clue, expressing deep resentment to each other in frustration, but the love between them is consistent. The whole poem is sung by the actor of the male god, expressing the arrival of the appointment, but not seeing Mrs. Xiang's melancholy and confusion.
If these two songs are put together, then the story written in this "Mrs. Xiang" happened when Mrs. Xiang was waiting for the arrival of Xiang Jun, leaving Xiangpu in the north and turning to Dongting. Therefore, when Xiang Jun, who arrived that night, arrived at Zhu Bei, the appointment place, it was naturally difficult to meet his sweetheart. The work was written from this, which closely cooperated with the plot of Xiang Army.
The first sentence "Di Zi reduced to Xi Zhu Bei" is quite puzzling. "Di Zi" has always been interpreted as the daughter of Heaven Emperor, and later as the second daughter of Yao, but there is no doubt that it refers to the goddess of Xiang Shui. Generally speaking, this sentence means that Di Zi came to Zhu Bei, that is, from Xiang Jun's "Xi Zhu Bei"; However, this is inconsistent with what Xiang Jun wanted her to come but didn't see. Therefore, some people interpret this sentence as an invitation to you (see Zhan Antai's Qu Yuan), which makes the meaning more fluent.
In the first paragraph of this poem, I lingered on the bank of Dongting Lake for a long time, longing for the arrival of Mrs. Xiang with sincere expectation. This is a very intriguing picture of the environment and atmosphere: the cool autumn wind keeps blowing, the waves in Dongting Lake ripple, and the leaves fall on the shore. I can't see the Iraqi people kowtowing to you. I boarded the plane for a while and arranged the furnishings for a while, but it backfired. Until dusk, Mrs. Xiang didn't come. Compared with the abnormal phenomenon of "what is the bird in the apple and what is the bird in the tree", this situation highlights the disappointment and confusion that fills the hearts of the characters, which is meaningless. Among them, "autumn wind falls in the air, waves in the cave are under the trees" is a famous sentence about scenery, which is very effective in rendering atmosphere and artistic conception, so it won the appreciation of later poets.
On this basis, the second paragraph further deepened the desire for you. It is a typical artistic technique of pre-Qin poetry to use the grass beside the water to raise the silent yearning for Iraqis and to use the slowly flowing water to hint at the passage of time in the distance. Its advantage lies in the combination of characters and scenes, which is very infectious. The following elk eating the atrium and dumplings staying by the water are two abnormal phenomena, which are also metaphorical compared with the description of birds and nets in front, and are contrary to the desire to emphasize love again without seeing it. And then like Mrs. Xiang. In the anxiety of waiting, he rode from morning till night, and the result was slightly different from that of Mrs. Xiang: in the eager search, he suddenly had an illusion, heard the call of a beautiful woman and left with her. Therefore, the works have the following most imaginative and romantic brushstrokes.
The third paragraph is purely a scene of seeing Mrs. Xiang in your fantasy. This is a dazzling magical world: courtyards built in the middle of the water are all decorated with exotic flowers and fragrant wood. Its colorful colors and rich fragrance are unparalleled. Here, more than ten kinds of plants, such as lotus, sun, pepper, laurel, orchid, magnolia flower, medicinal materials, Ficus pumila, Hui, Zhi and so on, are listed in one breath, showing the splendor of the venue. Its purpose is to set off and reflect the joy and happiness in the hearts of characters with colorful external environment. Therefore, when the gods of Jiuyi Mountain came to take your lover, he suddenly realized that he woke up from this dreamlike beauty and fell into the pain of lovesickness again.
The last paragraph is not only the same as the end of Xiang Jun, but also the same sentence pattern. In desperation, as emotional as Mrs. Xiang, she abandoned the other party's gift on the riverbank, but the apparent rejection could not restrain her inner love. He finally recovered his calm, and planned to finish the psychological process of falling in love with acacia through patient waiting and expectation. He picked fragrant Du Ruo from Tingzhou and prepared to give it to Mrs. Xiang in the distance.
From the perspective of emotional structure, this poem echoes "horizon of expectation" with "calling way". Since "Mrs. Xiang" is a hymn, it is bound to pray for the gods to come by summoning. The whole poem starts with calling for the arrival of Mrs. Xiang and looks forward to it throughout. The first half of the poem is mainly about the expectation of thinking of Mrs. Xiang to you. Experienced emotional fluctuations such as sadness, regret, regret and trance. These are all emotional fluctuations caused by disappointment with expectations. In the second half of the poem, I was overjoyed to learn that Mrs. Xiang was going to keep an appointment, and was busy preparing for the wedding with the expectation of meeting by chance instead of meeting each other. At the end of the poem, Mrs. Xiang appeared, and the purpose of calling was achieved, echoing the previous series of expected descriptions. In fact, the description in the second half is only the fantasy realm of the Xiang army, and this fantasy is also due to the eager expectation for it. The whole poem describes the process of expectation, including beginning, contradiction, development, * * *, low tide and calm. The line of consciousness is clearly visible.
This poem also has a double structure corresponding to light and shade. The performance of the protagonist's emotions is bright and dark, and the combination of light and dark. Lyric objects can be real or symbolic. When describing the real situation, the hero's emotions are superficial, with clear meaning, clear reference, bright language, vivid emotional color, ups and downs, clear strength and weakness, all in a transparent state. For example, in the second half of the poem, the scenes of building houses and halls, decorating new houses, decorating facades and welcoming guests are all superficial, that is, they are clearly written. From "building a house in water" to "thinning stones and leaving fragrance", it is from the outside to the inside, from big to small; From "building Lotus House" to "building incense door", it is from the inside out. The lines are clear, the facts are clear, and the emotional catharsis is exposed, which is a way to show your breasts. Heartfelt, unrestrained, not so reserved, the flow of emotions is synchronized with external forms.
From the deep structure, this poem also has the expression of situational emotion. The scenery is not what it used to be, such as "Why Birds", "Why Pounds", "Why Elk" and "Why jiaozi". Or a colorful scene, such as autumn wind, autumn water and autumn leaves. The flow of emotion is more subtle, subtle and deep, such as the undercurrent of the sea floor, which is not easy to be found. So it needs to be understood through surface images.
This double-layer structure, light and shade correspond and complement each other, forming a realm of scene blending. The advantage of this structure is that it can increase the capacity of emotion and make the expression of emotion three-dimensional.
In addition, the objects described and the language used in the whole poem are Chu-style, with distinctive local characteristics of Chu. Shui Yuan, Xiangshui, Lishui, Dongting Lake, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Ficus pumila, Polygonum multiflorum, Flos Magnoliae, Guangxi, Hui, Holland, elk, birds, white jade and other natural landscapes, animals and plants, minerals, as well as folk customs, myths and legends, unique romantic colors and religious atmosphere in that place. The buildings and furnishings envisaged in the poem are very distinctive, all based on the natural environment, social customs and cultural and psychological structure of Chu, otherwise it is impossible to make such an assumption. Language also has the characteristics of Chu culture. A large number of dialect proverbs are used in Chu Ci, and Mrs. Xiang is no exception, such as "Fu" (verb), "Mei" and "Fu" (noun). The most prominent thing is the extensive use of the word "Xi"-every sentence in the whole poem has a word "Xi". This modal particle is equivalent to the word "ah" today. Its function is to adjust syllables, increase the turning and jumping of meaning and tone, and enhance the expressive force of language. "Mrs. Xiang" is mainly based on dialects, with five or seven words. The sentence pattern is flexible. This kind of "Sao Style" poem is a new free poem after The Book of Songs, and it is a great innovation in the development history of ancient poetry in China.
In a word, "Xiang Jun" and "Mrs. Xiang" are two tragedies caused by the wrong date time, but together they are a comedy that is congenial. They are said to be tragedies because both parties to the appointment missed the meeting time, and each other was unable to extricate themselves because of the disappearance of acacia, and their hearts and feelings suffered for a long time; They are comedies because men and women really love each other and love each other deeply. Although they have experienced some setbacks, they have not given up their pursuit and expectation, so it is only a matter of time before the happy ending appears. When they finally meet each other after patiently and calmly waiting for each other, the misunderstanding and troubles caused by coming first will inevitably disappear in an instant, and they will be greeted by the joy and happiness that Xiang Jun felt in his illusion.
Creative background Qu Yuan (about 340 BC-278 BC) was a great patriotic poet in ancient China. Han nationality, a native of Danyang, Chu, has a flat name and an original word. During the Warring States period, Chu was born into a noble family, and worked as a doctor and disciple, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. In 278 BC, General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacked the capital of Chu in one fell swoop. Qu Yuan, who was concerned about his country and people, committed suicide in Shi Huai, on the Guluo River near Changsha. It is said that the Dragon Boat Festival is the anniversary of his death. He wrote many immortal poems, became the founder of China's ancient romantic poetry, and created a new poetry genre-Chu Ci on the basis of Chu folk songs. The style of "Songs of the South" initiated by him is unique in the history of China literature, and it is called "* * *" with the Book of Songs, which has had a positive impact on later poetry creation. Qu Yuan
Goldwind is very good. The plane tree leaves fall. Under the autumn leaves, the moon is cold and the chickens are sad. Deforestation leaves, hibiscus will wither, and autumn screen will arrange natural makeup. Born in my pool, the leaves are divided. Many branches are easy to fall, and young leaves are discussed in detail. The fields are full of water, the rice leaves are neat, the sun shines through the treetops, and the smoke is low. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Flowers and jade shut off the snow, leaves warm the golden window smoke. Divide water like wings, Huang Yun leaves fall to the roots. Sister-in-law picks hibiscus, and the lake weighs tens of millions. Clear water startles autumn, Huang Yun is in the sunset, and the fallen leaves are all empty. The rhombic leaves are full of light and wind, and the boat is deep in lotus. The water is light, the apple is old, the moon is cold and the leaves are yellow. In late autumn, no one can remember who, and the leaves rustle. It was raining on the plane leaves in the middle of the night, and the leaves were leaving.