First, according to the number of words in a poem, there are so-called four-character poems, five-character poems and seven-character poems. That is, a sentence of four words, a sentence of five words or a sentence of seven words. After the Tang Dynasty, there were few four-character poems, so they were usually divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems.
Secondly, from the metrical point of view, it can be roughly divided into two categories: modern poetry and ancient poetry.
1, classical poetry is generally also called archaic style, which is relatively free in form and not bound by meter.
Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five ancient poems for short; Seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven ancient poems; The use of three, five and seven characters at the same time is generally considered as seven ancient characters. Classical poetry can also take the form of five-character quatrains in modern poetry, which is called "archaic quatrains" (_-poems that fail to write qualified statutes when learning poetry are usually called "archaic quatrains").
2. Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry, is divided into two types, and there are strict rules on the number of words, sentences, levels and rhymes (this should be what the landlord wants to ask).
(1) a "quatrains", each sentence four sentences, referred to as five words, referred to as seven words.
The requirements of quatrains are similar to those of metrical poems, such as removing the next four sentences of metrical poems and leaving only the last four sentences (but not requiring antithesis), so they are also called quatrains, truncated sentences and broken sentences.
(2) One kind is called "metrical poem", each poem has eight sentences, five characters are abbreviated as five laws, seven characters are abbreviated as seven laws, and more than eight sentences are called excluded laws (or long laws).
The rhythm is very strict. There are definite sentences (except arrangement), definite characters in sentences, definite rhymes (definite rhymes), definite tones (definite tones of each word in the poem) and definite couplets (the two rhymes in the middle must be aligned).
(1) Word count: each poem has four sentences, the first and second sentences are head-linked, the third and fourth sentences are parallel, the fifth and sixth sentences are tail-linked, and the last two sentences are tail-linked. The number of words in each sentence must be the same, five or seven words.
(2) Rhyme: the last word of each couplet of metrical poems must rhyme, which can be four or five rhymes, that is, the second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences must rhyme, and the first sentence can be put or not.
(3) antithesis: the two couplets (three, four, five and six sentences) in the middle must be antithetical, just like antithesis, such as Li Shangyin:
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.
There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! .
Among them, "spring silkworms will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night." In the morning, she saw the change of her hair cloud in the mirror, but she dared to sing with her in the cold moonlight. " It is the opposite.
(4) Rhythm: Rhythm mainly requires poetry to have a sense of rhythm and read more smoothly. To say rhythm, we must first understand the level tone. The tones in ancient Chinese can be divided into four types: flat, up, down and up. "Flat" refers to the flat sound in the four tones; "Cue" refers to four tones, including up, down and middle. It's hard to remember these things now (at least I find it difficult). There is a way to be lazy and save trouble. In Chinese Pinyin, the first sound of the second sound is flat, and the third and fourth sounds are flat, but this can only guarantee general good. Some words with the second sound may also be flat, and you have to look up the book for details.
The first word in the first sentence of the metrical poem is flat and even, and the last word in the first sentence is not rhyming, so the corresponding requirements for flat and even are different. The format is as follows (⊙ indicates that words can be flush):
The first sentence of the five laws rhymes.
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
⊙ Ping ⊙ 仄仄
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
⊙ Ping ⊙ 仄仄
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
The first sentence of the five laws doesn't rhyme.
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
⊙ Ping ⊙ 仄仄
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
⊙ Ping ⊙ 仄仄
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
The five laws rhyme with the first sentence.
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
⊙ Ping ⊙ 仄仄
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
The first sentence of the five laws doesn't rhyme.
⊙ Ping ⊙ 仄仄
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
⊙ Ping ⊙ 仄仄
⊙ШШ Ш (rhyming)
⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme)
I won't add anything else, so as not to dazzle LZ. If you want to write a poem, there is a fully functional website in Tchami/CGI-bin/MZ/poems/tools.htm.
Other types:
Words: also known as poems, long and short sentences, songs, songs, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. The number of words can be divided into long tune (above 9 1 word), middle tune (59-90 words) and minor tune (below 58 words). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A paragraph of a word is called a que or an article, the first paragraph is called Qianque, Shangque and Shangpian, and the second paragraph is called Houque, Xiaque and Xiapian.
Qu: Also known as Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.