The path is closed to the steep cliff, and the lake is bright and foggy. Outside the shadow of Jiuxi Waterfall, thousands of trees are singing in the drizzle.
The idle Dan stove is cold, and the wise man goes to the cave. I'm not here to beg for the dream of Handan, but to get drunk and say good Zheng Pufeng.
From this poem, we can easily see Zheng's feelings of living in the world and enjoying the mountains and rivers. If we connect with the situation of growing separatist regime in the late Tang Dynasty, Zheng's poetic style will naturally be consistent. You can look through Zheng's poems, basically expressing feelings for mountains and rivers and praising his works. This seems to be contrary to Zheng's pursuit of wealth, but it really reflects Zheng's sentiment and why life is not leisurely.
Later, the Northern Song Dynasty ended the turmoil in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. However, Song Taizu overcorrected. In order to avoid the tragedy of the separatist regime in the buffer region, he blindly emphasized literature over martial arts, resulting in a weak pattern in the Song Dynasty. Lev? Tolstoy believes that art is a mirror of life. Because the pattern of Song Dynasty was different from that of Li Tang, the literary atmosphere changed immediately. Although there were poems in the Song Dynasty, "the beauty of Tang poetry lies in its sentimental words, so it is rich;" The beauty of Song poetry lies in its strength, so it is thin. " (Quoted from Essays on Poetry? This can be seen from the comparison between Cai Xiang and Zheng's poems on the same topic. Cai Xiang wrote "You Jiu Li Lake" like this, and the original text is as follows:
He Ling towering into the sky, people turned and even white clouds. Peach blossom is extraordinary, and it has been vaguely nine immortals since then.
The same is true for nine carp. Zheng attaches great importance to love words, while Cai Xiang is still arrogant. This is a masterpiece of the background of the times. There are many fraudulent works by later generations in history, many of which are exquisite, but they inevitably reveal the flavor of their time, which have been seen through by experts. In fact, in terms of poetry, it is difficult for Song poetry to look back on Tang poetry, and as for Ming and Qing poetry, it is even worse. Wang Guowei thinks "Daidai Literature" is very insightful.
In fact, Cai Xiang's most famous poem is not "A Journey to the Nine Miles Lake", but "Four Sages and One Unfortunate", which consists of five poems. This group of poems had a great influence at that time. It is recorded in Records of Renzong Politicians: "His poems were broadcast in the capital, and scholars rushed to tell them, and the author made considerable profits. The Khitan succeeded and the secret city was returned. After Zhang Bei sent it, someone wrote Xiang's poem on the wall of Youzhou Pavilion. " Needless to say, this poem won by strength, not by love words. At that time, Cai Xiang was still very young, and his rank was not high, but integrity and selflessness were rare, which was also the innate character of young people in Xianyou. Like Cai Jing later, when he was old, he made four rounds, and finally got the reputation of being the first of the six thieves, probably because he had been immersed in officialdom for too long, which was not true. You know, Cai Xiang was soon demoted after he wrote four saints and one unfortunate poem. As the saying goes, the past is not forgotten, and the future is a teacher. Is Cai Jingan willing to repeat the same mistakes?
Because Cai Xiang's poems mostly adopt realistic writing techniques and elegant style characteristics, he created the Song tune in the middle of Fujian, which made the style of Xianyou Ci in the Song Dynasty follow suit. This can be seen from Cai Shen and Wang Mai. There is no doubt that Cai Xiang's grandson Cai Shen is influenced by his family background. Cai Shen, a good friend of the ancient layman, is a doctor from the official to the left. He is the author of "Ci of the Ancient layman" with 65,438+075 poems, which are included in Song Ci. Some studies say that his writing is meticulous and his language is refined. The style of ci was earlier than that of Liu Yong and later than that of Su Shi. After the Northern Song Dynasty broke the country, the style of ci was sad. And look at his "Liu Zao Qing":
A few stingrays, pitiful, return to the earth in spring. Dongfeng Man, Begonia Embroidery, Pear Blossom Snow.
Lilac dew tears stump, incomparable, sad. Born sentimental, don't do romantic things.
This poem is about Cai Shen expressing his feelings of loving flowers and hurting spring, hiding the sigh of depression in his life, but in the end he said that he was "sentimental and unromantic". He wanted to say that he wanted to have a rest. Looking at the Xianyou in the Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty was quite cheerful. After the Southern Song Dynasty, the country was struggling, not to mention Xianyou.
It is precisely because of the difficult times in the Southern Song Dynasty that the young people in Xianyou are more positive and hard-working, so Wang Mai, the "crazy man who gave his life" in the Southern Song Dynasty, came into being. Wang Mai, whose real name is Jiaxuan layman, is able to write and write poems, and his poetic style is vigorous and sharp. Twenty-seven volumes of Jia Xuan Ji are included in Siku Quanshu. His "Flying Cloud Tower" is very famous. Its original poem is:
The water in front of the pavilion flows eastward, and there is a male building on it. In spring, swallows fly to the desert and fairies fly to the water.
God made friends with her family thousands of miles away, breaking 400 States in the Central Plains. As the sun sets, there are ancient trees in the clouds, so the old man leaves his younger generation worried.
The emotion of this poem is pathetic. The monarchs in the Southern Song Dynasty were all small people, so it was difficult to develop their careers. Therefore, Wang Mai is full of enthusiasm and helpless, and at most he keeps his true colors, which gives him the name of "crazy life". Please look at his "Qinyuanchun":
Four years ago, a good official in Taiwan Province Province did it once. Then there are more ahead, together as the bottom, why not go back and save it. New achievements, open respect, enjoy life, and make a series of twelve women. Laugh back, this crazy life is useless, cut off the rank.
Crazy life is really crazy. Exhale for many years. It's unattainable to have the wings of a dragon and a phoenix. We have arranged clothes and fishing gear for the animals. Rotten vegetable garden, cooked sweet potato, white hair, a poor scholar. Don't do it, don't go crazy, go nowhere, and send Qiong Cliff.
In fact, one or two poems can't cover a person's style of writing, and three or four masterpieces can't represent the spirit of Xianyou, but the Tang and Song Dynasties are far away, so we can only spy on Xianyou in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Judging from the poems of several characters listed above, the young people in Xianyou are still bold and energetic, but the social reality is cruel. Once they have a deep understanding, they will blend in and get rid of the mountains, which is the deep reason why Xianyou people are smart and delicate. Of course, there are a few exceptions. For example, Wang Mai was frivolous all his life and always kept his true colors; Cai Jing lost himself, ruined his reputation, and also involved the reputation of the Xianyou people. Fortunately, Cai Jing can repent. No wonder Xianyou finally put up with him. Try to read Cai Jing's desperate words-Xijiangyue;
He lived in the world for 8 1 year and was homeless 4,000 miles away. Now wandering to the end of the world, dreaming of Yaochi Quexia.
Jade Palace came back to life five times, and Tongting declared hemp several times. It is only because of the lust for this glory that we have what we have now.
Make the past serve the present and be flexible. I hope that contemporary Xianyou people can read the advantages and disadvantages from the poetic style of Xianyou sages in Tang and Song Dynasties (Cai Jing is a negative example), and make full use of their strengths and avoid their weaknesses, so that they can do better and go further.