The story of "Zhao Jun leaving the fortress" has far-reaching influence and has become the eternal theme of all kinds of literary and artistic works.
Then, the so-called poem "Wang Zhaojun" is to chant Wang Zhaojun's poems through the literary means of poetry, that is, to create poems with the historical figure "Wang Zhaojun" as the theme. There are many poems about Wang Zhaojun. Famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Shangyin and Wang Anshi all have poems about Wang Zhaojun.
Let's introduce Wang Zhaojun, who leaves the castle and sings Wang Zhaojun's poems.
1. About Wang Zhaojun, a native of Zigui (now Hubei), the southern county of the Western Han Dynasty, whose real name was Zhaojun, was renamed as "Mingjun" or "Fei Ming" because of taboo. In order to avoid Si Mazhao's taboo, the rulers renamed her "Mingjun". Because she married Shan Yu, the Tang people thought she was a concubine, that is, "Fei Ming". Emperor Han and Yuan were elected to the palace. In the first year of Jingning (33 BC), Uhaanyehe, a Hun, went to North Korea to seek relatives. She volunteered to marry the Huns. After entering the Huns, it was called "Hu Ning E Shi".
2. In the early Han Dynasty, Zhao Jun always pursued the policy of being close to the people because of his weak national strength. Wang Zhaojun came out for marriage.
"Plug" means frontier plug, also known as north plug and outer plug. Refers to the north-south junction of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei and other places. It is also the intersection of many nomadic peoples in the north and the agricultural ethnic regimes in the Central Plains. Since ancient times, there have been mutual economic and cultural exchanges and frequent mutual movements. During the Warring States Period, Li Mu, the general of Zhao, defeated the Xiongnu. After the establishment of the unified regime in the Central Plains, Qin Shihuang sent general Meng Tian to lead 300,000 troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north and build the Great Wall. During the Han dynasty, there was sometimes intimacy and sometimes large-scale fighting.
The so-called in-laws, is to marry a noble woman to the monarch of a minority, and to strengthen the relationship between ethnic groups with marriage as a link. This is a common means of the Han ruling class in the Han and Tang Dynasties.
Zhaojun's departure from the fortress is a true story, which was first seen in Yuan Di Ji and Han Shu Xiongnu Biography. In 33 BC, Uhaanyehe came to Korea and wanted to be the son-in-law of the Han Dynasty, so Yuan Di married Wang Zhaojun to him. Khan made her E Shi (Queen) and gave birth to a son. Then Hu died. Zhaojun wrote to proclaim himself emperor and requested to return to China. Emperor Cheng ordered her to remarry her son and give birth to two more daughters according to the custom of Xiongnu.
Wang Zhaojun was elected as an official because he was extremely beautiful. At that time, because there were too many ladies-in-waiting, Yuan Di wanted to show him a portrait of the painter Mao Yanshou, and then decided on a candidate. Many maids bribed the painter Mao Yanshou, but only Wang Zhaojun refused to bribe. Mao Yanshou framed her and painted her ugly, so she never went near the emperor. Later, when Xie Han proposed to him, Wang Zhaojun asked to kiss him personally, and Emperor Han Yuan agreed. When he left, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty found that Wang Zhaojun was the first beauty in the harem and greatly regretted it. But he had promised the Huns that he could not change his mind and had to let her go. Later, when he found out the reason and investigated the responsibility, he put Mao Yanshou to death. This content can be found in Miscellanies of Xijing: "Because there are many rabbits in Yuan Di, painters need luck when drawing pictures. All the court officials paid the painter, but Wang Qiang refused, so he couldn't see the painter. Huns asked a beautiful woman to be E Shi, so they made a plan to show their respect. And go, summoned, the appearance is the first in the harem, the name has been set, the emperor believes in foreign countries, and there are no more people. This is a poor case, and painters have given up the market. "
Records and literary works of past dynasties reflect that Wang Zhaojun is a talented man, a man who has integrity and is framed, a rebellious man, a man who loves the motherland and has made achievements, and a man who is sympathized and missed by the broad masses of people.
3. Poems about Wang Zhaojun Some poems about Wang Zhaojun are marked with "Wang Zhaojun" and "Fei Ming", while others are not.
There are many works praising Wang Zhaojun in the past dynasties, which began in the Han Dynasty, but the lyrics have not been handed down. Yuefu Poetry Collection contains more than 40 lyric poems written by Wang Zhaojun from Jin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, among which Wang Mingjun's Preface to Poetry is the earliest extant work, written by Shi Chong. The original poem is orderly: "I was originally Zhao Jun, so I changed to touch Emperor Wen." The whole poem is as follows:
I'm from the Han family and I'll be comfortable in court. Before the end of the speech, the predecessor had held back. Servants shed tears, and iron horses mourn. Sorrow for five minutes, tears moved Zhu Ying. The day of the trip was far away, so Xiongnu City was built. Take me to the vault and add my E Shi name. A special kind of insecurity, though expensive, is not honorable. Father and son were ashamed and surprised at this insult. Suicide is not an easy thing, but living in silence. If you are alive, you can't talk about it. May the false flying wings be abandoned to attract people from afar. Hong Fei doesn't care about me, but stands with a screen camp. It used to be jade in a box, but now it is dung in English. Chaohua is not happy enough, and it is sweet autumn grass. After the news spread, the world was embarrassed to get married.
After the Tang Dynasty, among the classical works with Wang Zhaojun as the theme, three of Du Fu's five poems, two poems by Wang Anshi and Ouyang Xiu's poems with Wang are the most prominent.
For example, Wang Anshi's "Fei Ming Qu"-
When Princess Ming first left the Han Palace, her eyes were moist. There's nothing Wang can do about it. When you come back, you will complain about Dan Qing's hand. I've seen it in my life. I couldn't understand the meaning, so I killed Mao Yanshou for nothing. Once I went to know it, I didn't return, and I was pitiful. Send a voice to ask Sanan, only geese fly every year. Wan Li, my family, sent a message, but in Felt City, we don't remember each other. Didn't you see Nagato approaching Gillian? There is no distinction between north and south in life.
Finally, give a few more examples to appreciate-
1. Wang Zhaojun written by Bai Juyi:
China's envoy replied, when will gold redeem the moth?
If the king asks me the color of my concubine, it will be better than when I was in the palace!
2. Wang Zhaojun of Li Shangyin
Mao Yanshou's paintings want to communicate with God, and he refrains from being gold rather than human.
Pipa will go to Wan Li immediately, and there will be spring in Han Palace.