-Lu you
I know that when I die, everything on earth has nothing to do with me. But the only thing that hurts me is that I failed to see the reunification of the motherland.
Therefore, when the great Song Jun team recaptures the Central Plains, you will hold a home banquet ceremony. Don't forget to tell me the good news!
Poetry translation: I know that when people die, there is nothing. I'm just sad that I didn't see the reunification of China with my own eyes. Don't forget to tell your father about it when the imperial army retakes the northern territory and worships the ancestors at home.
Lu You (1125-1210), an outstanding patriotic poet in China, is famous for his ci works. Throughout his life and his more than 9,000 poems, he has always been permeated with a strong patriotic spirit, thus forming the most remarkable characteristics of his poetry creation and laying his lofty position in the poetry circle of the motherland.
This poem is Lu You's masterpiece. Before he died, he was still obsessed with the territory and people of the Central Plains occupied by the Nuzhen nobles, eagerly looking forward to the reunification of the motherland, so he specially wrote this poem as a will to earnestly warn his son. From here, we can realize how persistent, deep, warm and sincere the patriotic passion of the poet is! It is no wonder that since the Southern Song Dynasty, anyone who has read this poem will be moved by it, especially when foreign enemies invaded or the motherland split, which caused countless people to praise it.
Lu You lived in an era when ethnic contradictions were extremely acute in the history of China. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast of China established the State of Jin. In the second year after Lu You was born, Jin occupied Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were exiled, and the country perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qin Zong, fled to the south. When he established political power in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), he not only failed to recover lost ground, but appointed the notorious traitor Qin Gui as the prime minister, intending to kneel down and make peace with the Jin people. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), the negotiation was successful. Zhao Gou was shameless, claiming to be a courtier of Guo Xu, and promised to offer 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year to bid for the Huaihe River with the Jin people. From then on, the great rivers and mountains in the north became the territory of the Jin people, and the vast people in the north were enslaved by the Jin people, while the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was just a corner of peace, surviving under the threat of the enemy. Later, the Longxing Peace Conference signed by Zhao Tuo and Kim and the Kathy Peace Conference signed by Ning and Kim were still humiliating peace talks. Of course, this situation is intolerable to the vast majority of Han people who have always opposed ethnic oppression. Therefore, in this historical era, I don't know how many outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation have stepped forward and launched an indomitable struggle, and Lu You is their outstanding representative on the literary front.
Lu You lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he fled from the enemy's invasion in his childhood and was inspired by the patriotic remarks of his family and relatives, Lu You felt deeply about the serious national disaster at that time, so as early as his adolescence, he planted the seeds of patriotic revenge in his heart. Since then, this seed has taken root, sprouted, dried up and blossomed, whether it was an official in the imperial court and local government, or joined the army in the front line of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and lived in Shaoxing's hometown in his later years. Although it was constantly destroyed by wind and rain, it also grew, grew, and finally produced rich fruits. Zhao Yi, a poet in Qing Dynasty, wrote a passage in Ou Bei Shi Hua, which is very general. He said:
When Weng Fang was in his teens, he had learned the order of putting good before evil, so he was as cold as ice. As far as the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is concerned, it is nothing more than a transgressor, so it will remain unchanged for life. After entering Shu, under the protection of the envoy Wang Yan, he passed through Nanzheng to meet Shu and Du. He is full of ambition and really wants to swallow his hands and clouds. In all likelihood, his poems are restored. After leaving Shu, it is still three or four out of ten. After the 1970 s, ... there was no ambition to restore reputation. However, as his "Feeling the Past of the Central Plains" said, "Begging for the East China Sea to Wash the Lake and Sand" and "Travel Notes of Old Horse" said, "The drought locust in the Central Plains has declined, and Julian Waghann sent a letter to the North. When it heard the drum beating, it was still possible to win the country and Zhao Yan ",it was still unforgettable. On my deathbed, there was a saying that "Julian Waghann will set the Central Plains in the north, and the family sacrifice will not forget the words", which shows the ambition of birds flying.
Of course, the so-called "five or six out of ten" and "three or four out of ten" here are only rough statistics, and they are only quantitative and superficial; But it can also be seen that Lu You's "Su Zhi" is consistent, from small to large. Especially this poem "Xiuer" is a patriotic spark that broke out at the end of his life, and it can also be regarded as a summary of his patriotic thoughts and poems all his life.
Scholars of all ages have read the poem Xiuzi, and they are all moved by it. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Kezhuang had a quatrain saying:
It is better to see Lu's death before death, and it is easy to get angry. Xiao Lu was ashamed and recommended Julian Waghann to Luoyang!
After the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, the Southern Song government moved troops from Huaixi to Kaifeng City, and divided troops from Kaifeng to recover Luoyang. Liu Yi was excited, thinking that Lu You's descendants would follow his wishes and tell Nai Weng the good news. However, the good times did not last long. The small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, dominated by singing, dancing, lakes, mountains and treacherous court officials, could not resist the fallen nomads, let alone the Mongolian army, which was "an enemy of zhangfang". Thanks to patriotic soldiers and civilians, this crumbling regime lasted for more than forty years. At this time, Lin Jingxi, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Reading Lu Fangweng's Poems", the meaning of which was extremely painful. The last four sentences were:
Castle peak is full of sorrow, and the sky is full of war. When I came to the sun, I saw Kyushu children. How can I tell you about the family sacrifice?
In other words, when Lu You died, it was a pity that he didn't see Kyushu Tong. Now his grandchildren have seen this situation, but it was not the Song Dynasty that unified China, but the emerging Yuan Empire. How can such news be told to his old man's house? Of the two poems mentioned above, the first one is full of the passion of "however, I packed my books and poems crazily", and the second one expresses the grief of "the voice of national subjugation mourns". Both joy and sadness are caused by the poem "Xiuzi". Their patriotic enthusiasm is closely related to land travel.
As far as I can see, there are no fewer than 30 other comments on Lu's poems (please refer to the Collection of Research Materials on Lu You compiled by Comrade Kong and me), or they have the meaning of "crossing the river three times" or are in the same strain as Du Fu's "Loyal to the country". Some of them cry after reading, while others feel the same, from the heart. It serves to show that this poem is sincere and touching!
But most of the above people were infected by this poem, which led to the decline of * * *, but they didn't have time to make a detailed analysis of its content. What is worthy of readers' reference and recommendation is the article Patriotic Poetry by contemporary Mr. Zhu Ziqing. In this article, he divides the patriotic poems in China's classical poems into three items: one is loyalty to the ancient times, that is, loyalty to a surname; Secondly, praise the soldiers who bravely killed the enemy; Secondly, it is also hatred of aliens. And pointed out that the third item is based on nationality and has a wider scope. He believes that Lu You "has always been an official, but his patriotic enthusiasm is not just for the reputation of the Zhao family. He joined the army in the northwest and strengthened the enemy. For the sake of the nation and the country, he always has the ambition to restore the Central Plains. " Therefore, among the patriotic poems of past dynasties, he especially praised this poem "Shizi" and made a concrete analysis of it:
The poem "Shizi" is a dying work, and if nothing else, it is only said that "Beiding Zhongyuan" is his specialty. This kind of poem is only for talking to the son, not superficial. There is no need to put on airs. He can say something else. But that's all he said He thinks this is the most intimate thing. The poem says that "everything is empty" and everything can be put down; "But I'm sad, I can't see Kyushu." It's the only thing that won't fit. Although he was "dead" and "didn't see Kyushu", he believed that Julian Waghann would "explore the Central Plains one day", so he told his son "Don't forget to tell him about the family sacrifice"! Teach your son "never forget", what you see is your own obsession. This is the idealization of his patriotic enthusiasm; This ideal is the embryonic form of the belief that the country is supreme. ..... In the past, perhaps only he was worthy of being called a patriotic poet. (See Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing, 1952 Ming Kai Bookstore Edition)
Zhu Ziqing himself is an affectionate patriot, and both new and old poems are well written, so his analysis of Lu You's poems is profound. He saw Lu You's "patriotic enthusiasm and idealization" from the poem Xiuzi, in other words, the progress of Lu You's patriotic thought and the height it reached. In this regard, we can further explain and add one point: First, Lu You's love for the motherland is closely related to his thoughts and feelings of loving the people, including his deep nostalgia for the "adherents" of the Central Plains who endured death and hoped to recover, and his sympathy and pity for the people of the Southern Song Dynasty who lost their gold coins to Hu Qiang. Secondly, he is attached to the great rivers and mountains in the north which are inseparable from the motherland, such as Three Yellow Rivers in Wan Li, Five Thousand Miles of Taihua, Palace Que in Two Beijing and so on. Moreover, his love for the national language and the whole national culture is for fear of being destroyed and assimilated under the long-term rule of foreign countries, so that "the children in the East are talking nonsense", and even the whole second generation is "the sheep and fur are left behind", which has changed the living habits of the Han people and forgotten the traditions of their ancestors (for relevant examples, see Chapter 4, Part II of My Biography of Lu You). These are the main reasons why he is "sad but not with Kyushu" and eager to "establish the Central Plains in the north", which is also the fundamental content of his patriotic thought. Lenin said: "Patriotism is the deepest feeling for our country that has been consolidated for thousands of years." Including the love of hometown, motherland, people and fine traditions. These are the thoughts and feelings expressed in Lu You's poems. Therefore, Zhu Wen claimed: "Maybe he was the only poet worthy of being a patriotic poet in the past.". Although this evaluation seems to be too stressed and is suspected of obliterating others, in order to point out the characteristics, we still have to admit that it is very pertinent and fair.
Poetry expressing children is a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Now, although seven or eight hundred years have passed since Lu You wrote the poem "Xiuer", the patriotic enthusiasm expressed in the poem is still tearful and thought-provoking. "When a bird is dying, its song is also sad; People are dying, and their words are good. " In this poem, the plaintive voice of "but we can't see Kyushu together" is still a powerful call for the recognition of the reunification and return of the motherland!
Recover the north and south of the Yellow River
Author: Du Fu
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Genre: Seven-character Rhyme
About the author:
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and was known as the "poet saint". Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Content:
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
When you sing in Baishi, you must indulge in wine. On a green spring day, that's the beginning of my return home.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
Measure:
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
The rhyme of this book is: seven yang; Can "Three Rivers and Seven Suns" pass?
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
●●●⊙⊙●●,○⊙●●●⊙△
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
●⊙⊙●○○●,⊙⊙○○●●△
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
●●●○○⊙●,○○●●●○△
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
●⊙○●⊙○●,⊙●○○●●△
Precautions:
1. But look: look back.
2. What is there to worry about? Stop worrying.
3. tumbling: tumbling at will. Ancient poetry and prose are written on paper.
4. Youth sentence: It means that the spring is beautiful, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant, and it is not lonely to return home.
5. That is to say, in two sentences: the imaginary route to return home, that is, starting from Xiadong, reaching Xiangyang by water, and then going to Luoyang by land.
6. Under the dam: the canyon in the middle of Bajiang River in northeast Sichuan.
7. Wuxia: In the east of Wushan County, Sichuan Province, it is one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.
8. Xiangyang: This belongs to Hubei.
Rhyme translation:
Suddenly in Jiannan, there was news of recovering Jibei.
When I first heard the mixed feelings of sadness and joy, my clothes were covered with tears.
Looking back at my wife and children, I don't know where I am
I'm going crazy just rolling up my poetry collection!
During the day, I will drink and sing loudly;
Bright spring is my companion, so that I can set off for my hometown.
It seems to have crossed the Wuxia gorge from under the dam;
Soon arrived in Xiangyang, and then rushed to Luoyang.
Appreciate:
This poem was written in the spring of the first year of Guangde, Tang Daizong. The author is 52 years old. In the winter of the first year of Baoying (762), Tang Jun won a great victory in Hengshui near Luoyang, and recovered Luoyang, Zheng (now Zhengzhou, Henan) and Bian (now Kaifeng, Henan). The rebel leaders Xue Song and Zhang Zhongzhi surrendered one after another. In the second year, that is, in the first month of the first year of Guangde, Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi was defeated and hanged himself, and his troops surrendered to Tian and Li Huaixian one after another. Du Fu, who lives in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), heard the news and wrote this masterpiece with passionate pen and ink.
In this poem, Du Fu notes: "I am in Tokyo". The theme of the poem is to express the joy of suddenly hearing that the rebellion has been put down and rushing back to my hometown. "The news of this distant western station! The north has been taken back! " The rapid rise just shows the suddenness of good news. "Outside the sword" is the location of the poet, and "North Hebei" is the home of the Anshi Rebellion, in the northeast of Hebei Province today. The poet has been wandering outside the sword for many years, trying to prepare his taste, but it is impossible to return to his hometown, because the "Jibei" has not been collected and the Anshi rebellion has not been settled. Now, "suddenly spread the thistle to the north",
It's like a sudden spring thunder, a sudden flash of mountain torrents, and a sudden torrent of surprises in generate, which suddenly opened the floodgates of pent-up emotions, bursting out and surging. "At first, I couldn't stop tears from flowing down my coat" was the first wave of this emotional torrent of surprise.
"First smell" followed by "sudden biography". "Sudden transmission" shows that the good news came too suddenly, while "tears full of clothes" is vivid, showing the emotional waves aroused by the sudden good news at the moment of "first hearing", which is a realistic performance of mixed happiness and sorrow. "Jibei" has been collected, the war will be over, and the scars of Gan Kun and the suffering of Li Yuan will be cured. I was personally displaced and hated other hard times, and finally got through it. How can I not be happy! However, after drawing a lesson from a painful experience, I can't help but feel sad and can't help it. However, this catastrophe finally passed like a nightmare. I can go back to my hometown and people will start a new life. So I turn grief into joy again, in heaven. The psychological changes and complex feelings of the First News at that time, if written in prose, need a lot of pen and ink, and the poet only uses the word "tears full of skirts" to describe the image, which is enough to sum up all this.
The second couplet turned to inheritance and settled in "ecstasy", which is a higher flood peak of the emotional torrent of surprise. "Looking at the wife" and "reading poetry" are two continuous actions, which have a certain causal relationship. When I am sad and happy, I naturally think of my wife and children who have suffered together for many years. "Looking at it" means "looking back". The action of "looking back" is very meaningful. The poet seems to want to say something to his family, but he doesn't know where to start. Actually, there is no need to say anything. I don't know where the haze that has enveloped the whole family for many years has gone. My relatives are no longer sad, but smiling. The joy of relatives in turn increases their own joy. They no longer have no intention of bending over their desks, so they roll up their poetry books and share the joy of victory.
"Singing in Baishi requires drinking, and let me go home in green spring" is a couplet to further express "ecstasy". "Whitehead" points out that people reach old age. Old people rarely "sing" and should not "indulge in wine"; Nowadays, we should not only "sing" but also "indulge in wine", which is a concrete manifestation of "ecstasy". This sentence was written in a "crazy" state, and the next sentence was written in a "crazy" thinking. "Youth" refers to spring. Spring has arrived, and it is time to "go home" with his wife and children among flowers, birds, fish and insects. Thought of here, how can you not be "ecstatic"!
The fantasy of writing "I went home on that green spring day" on the tail couplet is flying. I am in Zizhou, but my heart has returned to my hometown in a flash. The emotional flood of surprise rolled up after the flood peak, and the whole poem ended. This couplet contains four place names. "Baxia", "Wuxia", "Xiangyang" and "Luoyang" are all dual (in-sentence pairs), which form a neat pair of place names; And the combination of "slave" and "slave" is a pair of flowing fresh water. Coupled with the dynamics of "wear" and "direction" and the repetition of two "gorge" and two "yang", the style and tone of writing are as fast as lightning, which accurately shows the flying imagination. Imagine the distance between the four places, namely, Basha, Wuxia, Xiangyang and Luoyang. "As soon as the words" from ","wear ","get off "and" Xiang "appear," come back from this mountain, climb another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town! " Appear, blink one by one. What needs to be pointed out here is that the poet not only expresses imagination, but also depicts reality. From "under the dam" to "Wu gorge", the gorge is dangerous and narrow, and the boat is like a shuttle, so it is used to wear; When I left Wuxia to Xiangyang, I drove downstream quickly, so I used "Xia"; From "Xiangyang" to "Luoyang", the land was changed, so the word "Xiang" was used with high accuracy.
This poem, except the first narrative topic, all other sentences are expressions of surprise after suddenly hearing the news of victory. Wan Hu springs, gushing from the chest, straight down. Qiu quoted in Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection: "This poem is full of joy and joy, and it is full of twists and turns without makeup. The simpler, the more real. Others must never be enlightened. " Poetics in later generations spoke highly of this poem, praising it as "the first quick poem in Lao Du's life".