Pastoral poetry is Theocritus (3 10 BC? -245? ) the first one. There are 29 poems handed down from generation to generation, which describe the beautiful rural life and natural scenery in Sicily, fresh and lovely. The pastoral poetry of ancient Greece had a great influence on later European poetry with aristocratic tendencies.
Other explanations: most of the poems praising rural life are about rural scenery and the labor of farmers, shepherds and fishermen. After Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote pastoral poems, which mainly became reclusive literati and poems written by officials who retired from the officialdom with pastoral life as the description object.
Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are representatives of the school of pastoral poetry.
Wang Wei is a representative of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He inherited and carried forward the landscape poems initiated by Xie Lingyun, and was unique, which made the achievements of landscape pastoral poems reach the peak and occupied an important position in the history of China poetry. Wang Wei also has excellent works in other aspects. Some reflect the life of the army and the frontier fortress, some show chivalry, and some expose the shortcomings of the times. Some small poems that bid farewell to relatives and friends and write about daily life, such as "Farewell to Yuan Er Shi Anxi", "Acacia", "Thinking of Shandong Brothers in the Mountain" and "Farewell to Shenzifu Jiangdong", have been passed down from ancient times to the present. These poems are all five-character poems or seven-character poems, which are sincere, unadorned, simple and profound, comparable to Li Bai and Wang Changling, and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poems, which should be written, sung and preached to Buddha, are occasionally famous, but they are not enough. Wang Wei has the highest attainments in five laws, five unique skills and seven unique skills, and he is also good at other aspects, which is very prominent in the Tang Dynasty poetry circle. Its seven methods, either vigorous and gorgeous, or beautiful and elegant, are all imitations of the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty. The seven ancient forms are neatly arranged and the momentum is erratic. Prose is quiet and meaningful, full of poetry, such as The Mountain and Pei Xiucai's Book. Wang Wei enjoyed great fame both before and after his death, and was known as "the literate sect in the world" and "Shi Fo". Have a great influence on future generations.
It is precisely because he often looks at everything with the eyes of a Zen master that his poems have a kind of beauty of tranquility, openness and quietness that other poets can't reach. In particular, the dynamic images in his description of nature in A Moment are so pure and quiet and full of Zen, such as: "People are idle with osmanthus fragrance, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty." When the birds are startled in the moon and the springs are singing. "("birdsong ")" In the autumn rain, there is a shallow pomegranate flow. The jumping waves splashed from themselves, and the egret was shocked. "("Luan Jia Se ") and the famous sentence" There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream "("Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains ") often purify readers' hearts and give people endless quiet reverie.
2. Meng Haoran
Poets in Tang Dynasty. Xiangyang Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei) Xiangyang is known as Meng Xiangyang in the world. In the first half of my life, I mainly stayed at home to study and adapted my own poems. Once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. At the age of 40, you should travel to Beijing and return to Xiangyang. I made friends with Zhang Jiuling and Wang Wei when I was in Chang 'an. There is a poem title. After roaming in wuyue, the landscape is extremely poor, so as to solve the frustration of official career. He died of overeating. Meng Haoran's poems are mostly five-character short stories with limited themes. He writes more about landscapes, pastoral areas, seclusion and travel. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of a poet's self-expression. He and Wang Wei also said that although his poems were not as broad as Wang's, they had unique artistic attainments, and he was the pioneer of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty after Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao. Meng Ke's poems are unpretentious, cordial and true, full of life breath and wonderful and complacent interest. Such as "Autumn Boasts Send Zhang Wu", "Passing the Old Village" and "Spring Dawn", which are light and elegant, integrated and elegant. Meng's poems are based on broad-mindedness and broad-mindedness, but there is also a vigorous and free spirit, such as Dongting Lake Newspaper, Clouds and Clouds, and Yueyang City Trapped, all of which are vigorous and free, overlooking everything. But this kind of poem is rare in Meng's poems. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin, and it is inevitable to be embarrassed by the length. Meng Haoran's Popular Collection contains 263 poems, but some of them are the works of others.
"Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend. You entertain me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I will come back in chrysanthemum time. " . Green trees, green hills, cottages, nurseries and Sang Ma blend harmoniously. This is a beautiful and quiet rural scenery, emitting a fresh earthy atmosphere. There is a strong atmosphere of life here. Here is "too light to see poetry" (Meng Haoran in Wen Yiduo's works), but there is no lack of artistic beauty and simple life beauty that are deeply integrated into the whole poem. Meng Haoran seems to have found the feeling of conversion here. The poet finally forgot all the setbacks and gains and losses of fame and fortune in his political pursuit, and even completely abandoned his lonely and depressed mood in seclusion. Finally, the mind is relaxed, and even the poet's movements are very flexible, which naturally shows its conquest here.
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep. But now I remember that night, that storm, I wonder how many flowers were broken? "These four poems are the works of Meng Haoran, and his artistic realm and spiritual realm have reached the realm of transformation. But now I remember that night, that storm, I wonder how many flowers were broken? Wang Guowei commented that Li Yu's words "have the meaning that Sakyamuni Christ bears human sins", and Meng Haoran's two poems also contain great and profound feelings. His feelings and feelings for all things have a * * * sound, and there is a deep sympathy for the universe and life. This poem expresses the highest metaphysical heart and the greatest romantic feelings. This is the most natural poem, and it is heavenly. Meng Haoran is happy. He changed the realm of life from the realm of utility to the realm of heaven and earth, and I reached the realm of no self. Although I suffered hardships during the period, I finally endured it.
Dull: Dull is different from mediocrity and insipid. It is the deep feelings and rich thoughts expressed in simple language, full of affection, so it is often dull and thoughtful. As Wang Anshi said, it seems the most bizarre, but in fact it is easy to achieve but difficult.
Tao Yuanming is the first plain poem, and few people can write plain poems. Li Yu's ci is definitely not dull, on the contrary, it has strong emotional power.
Partial appreciation:
Wang Wei's pastoral poems
Chai Lu: There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but the voice can be heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.
Wu Xinyi: hibiscus flowers with red calyx in the mountains. There is no one in the stream, and it has begun to fall.
Qiu Sheng: After the rain, an empty mountain stands on an autumn night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
"Bird Watching Creek" people are idle with osmanthus flowers, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
A farmhouse by the Wei River: In the setting sun of the countryside, cattle and sheep go home along the path. A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy. There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves. Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially. No wonder I long for a simple life, and the disappointed songs are fading.
Tianjiahang
Author: Wang Jian
Farmers in the countryside are jubilant, happy, satisfied and empty, and even the tone of their words is different from usual.
In summer, the wheat grains are rolling and the summer grain is bumper.
There is also a good harvest of cocoons in summer, and the noise of cars under the eaves is endless, and the cocoons of wild silkworms are not collected, so they can only die.
There was a scene of bumper harvest, but the villagers could not enjoy the fruits of their labor, but had to pay most of the grain and silk taxes.
In the harvest year, they don't expect to spread grain and weave silk by themselves, but only hope to save the cattle in the city and hand them over to the government.
Tian Jia has no food and clothing, and he will be happy if he doesn't see the county gate!
Wild old songs were recorded.
The old farmer lives in the mountains and cultivates three or four acres of mountain fields.
Miao and Shu taxes can't be eaten, and the official warehouse is turned into soil.
At the end of the year, hoe the plow and close the empty room, shouting to climb the mountain and collect acorns.
The Xijiang River is full of pearls and pearls, and the dogs in the boat grow meat.
Nieshangtianjia
Sell new silk in February,
The new valley in May.
Heal the pain in front of your eyes,
Cut out my heart.
I hope the king's heart,
Turn into a candle.
Not according to the feast of renewing the frontier,
Take a partial view of the escape house.
Guantian author: Wei
A light rain brought new flowers, and a thunder began to wake up.
Tian Jia was idle for a few days, and farming began.
Dingzhuang is in the wild and the nursery is in charge.
When I return to the scene, I often drink the water from Xixi.
Hunger is not self-suffering, but joy.
There is nothing in the warehouse for the night, and the corvee hasn't arrived yet.
Being ashamed of not practicing, I ate it.
Widows in the mountains
Don Du Xunhe
Because of the soldiers, the husband clung to Mao Peng and his linen clothes were burned.
Mulberry and zhe waste taxes, and the countryside is still seeking seedlings.
When picking wild vegetables and roots for cooking, spin raw wood and burn leaves.
If you are in a deep mountain, you should also avoid the levy.
A farmhouse by the Wei River.
In the countryside where the sun is setting, cattle and sheep go home along the path.
A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy.
Looking for wheat seedlings to embroider, the silkworm fell asleep and the mulberry leaves were peeled.
Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially.
No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, oh, back to the past! .
Wang Wei in Spring
Spring pigeons are singing in the room, and apricot trees are narrating.
Hold the axe to cut down the poplar, and the lotus hoe the spring pulse.
Yan knows his lair, so he looks at the new calendar.
If you are in a hurry, you will not be royal, and if you are far away, you will travel far.
Lao Guo Ren Zhuang Meng Haoran
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
Yan Du Xing Fu
At the end of the year, there are many northerly winds, and it is snowing in Xiaoxiang Dongting. The fisherman's net was frozen in the cold,
Don't shoot the geese singing the sangbow. Last year, there was a shortage of rice in the army. This year, rice is cheap and hurts farmers.
High-tech officials hate wine and meat, and this generation is empty. Chu people valued fish more than birds,
You shouldn't have killed Nan Hong Fei for nothing. It is said that men and women are everywhere, and cutting kindness and forbearance is also a matter of renting a house.
In the past, money was used to catch private castings, but now lead, tin and bronze are used. Carving mud is the easiest way to get it.
Likes and dislikes do not match looks. When will the sadness of this song end?
Burning songs and listening to the clouds
Get up to see Nanshan, which burns Shan Ye. The reddish dusk went out and the short flame was reconnected.
The difference rocks of Lingqing wall in Ran Ran. Low with the return air, as far as the eaves are red.
Neighbors can talk, but want to die. Say Chu is more vulgar, burn her for Zaotian.
Bean seedlings and insects promote it, and flowers on the fence make a house. Abandon the stack and return to the column, and the square chicken pecks the millet.
The spring rain is fine in the New Year, and immortals are everywhere. People with money are divining and knocking on the tile forest.
Bud divined on the mountain and returned to jujube. Blow the fire to the cogongrass, and the waist sickle reflects the vine.
Wind drives mistletoe smoke, and mistletoe trees connect Pingshan. Stars fell from the sky and flying embers fell on the steps.
Groaning and sneering on her back, mother crow cursed the rich age. Who knows, lush, official tax.