According to the content or system, ancient poetry is divided into

classification of China's ancient poems 1. Poems can be divided into two categories: ancient poems and modern poems according to their rhythms. Classical poetry and modern poetry are concepts formed in the Tang Dynasty, which are divided from the perspective of poetry rhythm. (1) Ancient poems: including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Poems in ancient poetry genres such as "Song", "Gexing", "Quotation", "Qu" and "Ling" are also ancient poems. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis, and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Songs of Chu → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Folk songs in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties → Jian 'an poems → Five-character poems by literati such as Tao poems → Ancient style and new Yuefu in Tang Dynasty. ① Chu Ci: It is a form of poetry created by Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period, which is characterized by the use of Chu dialect and rhyme and has a strong Chu color. The Songs of the South edited by Liu Xiang in the Eastern Han Dynasty has seventeen books, mainly composed of Qu Yuan's works, and Qu Yuan's works take Li Sao as his masterpiece, so later generations also call it "Chu Ci Style" as "Sao Style". ② Yuefu: It was originally the name of the official office in charge of music during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later became the name of poetic style. Music songs collected and created by Yuefu officials in Han, Wei and Southern and Northern Dynasties are called Yuefu for short. Poems written by poets in the Wei, Jin, Tang and later dynasties, which were quasi-Yuefu, became Yuefu and quasi-Yuefu, although they were not enjoyable. Such as "Chile Song", "Mulan Poetry" and "Short Songs" (Cao Cao). Generally speaking, the titles of Yuefu poems include songs, lines, quotations, songs and songs. (3) Gexing style: it is a variant of Yuefu poetry. There are quite a few Yuefu poems titled "Song" and "Xing" after the Han and Wei Dynasties. Although they have different names, there is no strict difference between them. They all mean "Song". Their syllables and meter are generally free, and their forms are in the ancient style of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, which is full of changes. Later, they have the style of "Ge Xing". In the Tang Dynasty, poets in the early Tang Dynasty wrote Yuefu poems, in addition to following the old topics of Yuefu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, a few poets had set up new topics. Although they were renamed Yuefu, they were not limited to temperament, so they were called New Yuefu. This kind of poetry developed greatly by Li Bai and Du Fu. For example, Du Fu's Sad Chen Tao, Ai Jiang Tou, A Car Shop and two for the road, and many of Bai Juyi's works, in the form of Yuefu songs, are mostly mixed in three words and seven words. (2) Modern poetry: Modern poetry, as opposed to classical poetry, is also called modern poetry, which is a kind of metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. It is divided into two types, and its word number, sentence number, level tone and rhyme are strictly regulated. (1) a kind of "quatrains", each four sentences, five words for short, seven words for short. (2) One is called "metrical poem", each poem has eight sentences, five words are abbreviated as five laws, seven words are abbreviated as seven laws, and those with more than eight sentences are called excluded laws (or long laws). Rhythm is very strict, with definite sentences (except arrangement), definite words in sentences, fixed rhyme positions (fixed rhyming positions), fixed tones in words (fixed flat tones of each word in the poem) and fixed couplets (two couplets in the middle of the rhyme must be opposed). For example, the rhyme poems originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, each poem has four quadruples and eight sentences, and each sentence must have the same number of words, which can be four or five rhymes. The two couplets in the middle must be opposite, and the two, four, six and eight sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be put or not. If the arrangement is extended to more than ten sentences on the basis of the fixed rhythm, it is called the arrangement. Except for the first and last couplets, the upper and lower sentences need to be opposed, and there are also opposite sentences, which is called the "fan pair". For another example, quatrains are only two couplets of four sentences, also known as quatrains, truncated sentences and broken sentences, and there are certain requirements for parallelism, rhyme and duality. (3) Ci: also known as Yu Shi, long and short sentences, Qu Zi, Qu Zi Ci, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number, and the word has a fixed tone. Different words can be divided into long tone (more than 91 words), medium tone (59~9 words) and short tone (less than 58 words). Words can be divided into monotony and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monotony is only one paragraph. One paragraph of a word is called a piece, the first paragraph is called Qian, Shang and Shang, and the second paragraph is called Hou, Xia and Xia. (4) Qu: Also known as Ci Yu and Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in Jin Dynasty and flourished in Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: you can add interlining to the number of words, and use spoken English more. Sanqu includes two kinds: poem and song. The number of sets is a coherent set of songs, at least two songs, and dozens of songs. Each set of numbers takes the tune of the first song as the name of the whole set of tunes, and the whole set must be in the same palace tune. It has no guest, but only for cantata. 2. According to the content, it can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, frontier poems, pastoral poems, nostalgic poems (poems about history), poems about mourning, and satirical poems. (1) nostalgia for ancient poetry. Generally, I miss ancient people and deeds. Poetry about history often twists historical facts with reality, or regrets personal experiences, or criticizes social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" expresses his personal experience, the contradiction between ideal and reality, and he has achieved nothing over half a year. Xin Qiji's Yong Yu Le Jing Kou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgia expresses his dissatisfaction with the imperial court's drag out an ignoble existence and attacks the social reality. There are also poems about history that only reflect and evaluate history calmly and rationally, or are just objective narratives. The poet's own experiences are not among them, and the poet's feelings are just the voice outside the painting. For example, Liu Yuxi's Wuyixiang, compared with the past and the present, expresses the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes. (2) chanting poems. The characteristics of object-chanting poetry: the content takes a certain object as the description object, and grasps some of its characteristics to describe it. Ideologically, it is often a matter of expressing one's will. From things to people, from reality to emptiness, write spiritual character. Metaphor, symbol, personification and contrast are commonly used. (3) Landscape pastoral poetry. Xie Lingyun pioneered landscape poetry in the Southern Dynasty, Tao Yuanming pioneered pastoral poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and in the Tang Dynasty, there was a school of landscape pastoral poetry, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape pastoral poetry is good at describing natural scenery, rural scenery and comfortable seclusion, with meaningful and beautiful poetic scenery, quiet and elegant style and clear and elegant language. (4) War poems. From the pre-Qin period, there were poems about frontier fortress and war, which developed to the Tang Dynasty. Because wars were still frequent, the rulers valued martial arts over literature, it was much easier for scholars to win fame and fame by inviting the frontier court than by the imperial examination. In addition, in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the frontier fortress poems with magnificent feelings were greatly developed, forming a new school of poetry, and its representative figures were Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling. (5) Travel poems and always in my heart's poems. The ancients' long-term exile, long-term wandering, or long-term defense of the border crossings always caused a strong feeling of homesickness and nostalgia, so there are many such poems. They either write about the thoughts of staying in a trip, or write about missing relatives and friends, or writing about homesickness, or writing about being pregnant in a boudoir. In writing, I feel hurt by touching the scene, feeling emotional at the right time, expressing my feelings with objects, expressing my feelings because of dreams, or expressing my feelings with wonderful metaphors. (6) Farewell poems. In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation and underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to meet each other for several years, so the ancients paid special attention to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine to give a farewell dinner, fold willows to send them to each other, and sometimes sing poems to say goodbye, so parting has become an eternal theme of ancient literati. Because of the different situation of each person, the specific content and ideological tendency written in farewell poems are often different. Some express their feelings of parting directly, some express their feelings by spitting out anger in their chests or expressing their will, some focus on parting from sorrow and not hating, some focus on exhortation, encouragement and comfort, and some have both.