Mr. Lu Xun was born on September 25th, 188 1. In his youth, he was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1902 was admitted by Japanese overseas students to study at Hongwen College in Tokyo, Japan. 1904 entered Sendai medical college to study medicine at the beginning, and then engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit. 1905- 1907 participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Prejudice. During this period, I was ordered by my mother and wife Juan to return to China to get married. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and worked as a teacher in Hangzhou and Shaoxing.
Death 19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Tens of thousands of people in Shanghai spontaneously held public sacrifices and funerals and were buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery. The scene is spectacular. 1956, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, and Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the reconstructed Lu Xun's tomb.
After the Revolution of 1911, Lu Xun served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was first published under the pseudonym of "Lu Xun", which laid the cornerstone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement.
During the period from 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published Novels, Prose, Grave, Hot Wind, Canopy, Two Hearts, Prose Poetry and Memories Prose. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in19212 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern literature in China. 1in August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. 1927 1 month, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1929, son Zhou Haiying was born. 1930, successively participated in China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League, resisting the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works and a large number of essays of historical novels, including Collection in the Grave, Collection, Collection of Three Idle Days, Collection of Two Hearts, Collection of Southern Dialects and Northern Dialects, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-wind and Moon Talk, and Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported literary groups such as "The Unknown Society" and "Chaohua Society"; Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National New Newspaper Supplement (B), Mangyuan, Yusi, Rushing, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, compile A Brief History of Chinese Fiction and Outline of China Literature History, sort out Ji, compile Miscellaneous Notes on Old Books in Huiji County, and link ancient novels, Tang and Song legends and old story notes.
Lu Xun was born in Zhou Zhangshou, a scholarly family in Dongchangfangkou, Huiji County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China. Grandfather Zhou Fuqing was a Jinshi of Sinvik in the decade of Tongzhi (187 1) and was an official in Beijing. Father Zhou Boyi is a scholar and mother Lu Rui. Lu Xun and Zhou Enlai are of the same ancestry, and their ancestors were Zhou Dunyi, the originator of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty.
1892, Lu Xun, 1 1 years old, studied in the private school "San Tan Yin Yue" run by his hometown in Shaoxing. 1893 (19th year of Guangxu), Lu Xun's grandfather Zhou Fuqing was dismissed from his post and imprisoned for cheating in the imperial examination, while Lu Xun's brothers were placed in the home of his uncle Huangfuzhuang, who was more than 30 miles away from the city. Zhou Fuqing was sentenced to "beheading and waiting for prison" and was imprisoned for 8 years. Therefore, the Zhou family spends a large sum of money every year to maintain Zhou Fuqing's life, so his family began to decline. Meanwhile, his father Zhou Boyi was seriously ill in bed and died in 1896. Family changes have had a far-reaching impact on young Lu Xun. Scenes of childhood life, such as Herb Garden, Xianheng Hotel and the countryside around grandma's house, have become important sources of materials for Lu Xun's two collections of novels, Scream, Hesitation and Prose.
1898, 17-year-old Lu Xun left his hometown of San Tan Yin Yue and entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy of Jinling New School, renamed Zhou Shuren. 1899 transferred to the mine road railway school affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi school, made friends with Chen Hengke, and graduated in190/0/year. Deeply influenced by the theory of evolution, he loves to read original books, especially translated novels. Famous writers such as Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu are all students studying in Japan. 1902 February, 2 1 year-old Lu Xun went to Hongwen College in Tokyo, Japan to study Japanese. Two years later, he entered Sendai Medical College (19 12 changed into Northeastern University Medical College) to study modern medicine. Lu Xun chose to study modern medicine because his father's death made him have serious doubts about Chinese medicine. He was the first international student in Northeastern University and the only China international student in Sendai at that time. In Sendai, anatomy teacher Fujino Genkuro had the greatest influence on Lu Xun. In Zhou Zuoren's Youth of Lu Xun and Xu Shoushang's Impression of Lu Xun, both of them have quoted Lu Xun's academic achievements published by Xiao Lin Maoxiong, MD, a medical college classmate of Lu Xun:
It can be seen that Lu Xun's best exam is ethics belonging to social science. The results of natural science and medical subjects are relatively average, except for the anatomy subject held by Fujino. The total score is like Lu Xun's self-report in "Mr. Fujino": "In 100 students, I am in the middle, but I am not behind." Some students in this class think it is "the topic of last year's anatomy experiment, which was marked on Mr. Fujino's handout. I knew it in advance, so I can have such a result." 1994 Watanabe Xiang found that his grades were miscalculated: physiology scored 60 points last semester and 75 points next semester, with an average of 65 points in a single school year, not 63.3 points, 65.8 points in the whole school year and 83 points in the school year.
Lu Xun later wrote Mr. Fujino, and attached great importance to this work. 1935, Iwabo Bookstore in Japan wanted to translate the Selected Works of Lu Xun into Japanese. He asked his students who edited the Selected Works to join the field intervention: "I don't think there are any articles to put in. There is only the article "Mr. Fujino", please translate and supplement it. " Behind Lu Xun, Fujino also published the article "Remembering Zhou Shuren Jun", recalling Lu Xun's study abroad life.
At that time, the average scholar took three roads: one was to study and be an official. If you are not an official, you can also be a "screen friend" of a bureaucrat (commonly known as "master"). If the first two roads don't work, you can still go to sea to do business. Lu Xun took another road that was most despised at that time: entering the "foreign school". At that time, in China, it was generally regarded as a despicable act of "selling souls to foreign devils". 1898, 18-year-old Lu Xun left his hometown and took eight silver dollars borrowed by his loving mother to enter Nanjing Naval Academy, which was later changed to Nanjing Road and Mine School. These two schools were established by the Westernization School to enrich Qiang Bing, offering courses such as mathematics, physics and chemistry, and imparting natural science knowledge. During this period, Lu Xun read works on foreign literature and social sciences and broadened his horizons. In particular, Yan Fu's translation of Huxley's Theory of Evolution, an Englishman, had a profound influence on Lu Xun. Evolution is a book introducing Darwin's theory of evolution, which makes Lu Xun realize that the real world is not harmonious and perfect, but full of fierce competition. To survive and develop, a person and a nation must have the spirit of self-reliance, independence and self-improvement. Can't be at the mercy of fate, can't be bullied by the strong.
Mr. Lu Xun achieved excellent results during his stay at Nanjing Road School, and he had the opportunity to study abroad at public expense after graduation. 1902, he went to Japan, began to study Japanese at Hongwen College in Tokyo, and later entered Sendai Medical College (now Tohoku University School of Medicine). He chose to study medicine in order to treat patients who were victimized by quacks like his father and improve the health of China people who were ridiculed as "the sick man of East Asia".
Mr. Lu Xun wants to make China people strong through medicine. But his dream didn't last long before it was shattered by the harsh reality. In Japan, as a citizen of a weak country, Lu Xun is often highly discriminated against by Japanese with militaristic tendencies. In their eyes, all China people are "imbeciles", and Lu Xun scored 59.3 points in the anatomy test, so he suspected that Fujino Genkuro, the anatomy teacher, had leaked the examination questions to him, which made Lu Xun deeply sad as a weak country.
During his study in Japan, Mr. Lu Xun initially formed his world outlook and outlook on life. However, Lu Xun's thoughts were not only incomprehensible to most Japanese at that time, but also difficult to get a wide response among students studying in China. The foreign novels he translated can only sell dozens, and the literary magazines he organized can't be published because of lack of funds. The difficulty of family planning forced Lu Xun to return to China to find a job.
1909 Lu Xun ended his seven-year career in Japan and returned to his hometown. 19 12 in may, Lu Xun went north and began his life in Beijing for fourteen spring and autumn periods. 1923 10 Lu Xun began to teach the history of China's novels to students of Beijing Women's Teachers College, and Xu Guangping became his student. Every time Lu Xun came to class, Xu Guangping always squeezed into the middle seat in the first row, listening to Lu Xun's lecture with rapt attention. 1in March, 925, Xu Guangping posted his first letter to Lu Xun, calling him a "kid" and asking Lu Xun "what's the taste of his lonely life". Subsequently, the two began to exchange letters. With the deepening of understanding,
Two people have a good impression on each other, exchange good feelings and have love. In this letter, Lu Xun called Xu Guangping "brother", "adult" and "your Excellency", Xu Guangping called himself "silly brother" and Lu Xun called himself "tender brother". Although he was eighteen years older than Lu Xun, Lu Xun also had a "gift" imposed on him by an arranged marriage, but Xu Guangping completely ignored it and wrote "The wind is my love ..." to praise this pure love! Lu Xun also wrote "La Ye", "It is for the people who love me to save me."