Ping and Qi are the tones used in Chinese poetry. Flat means straight, oblique means curved. According to the rhyme books revised from the Sui Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, such as "Qie Yun", "Guang Yun" and the most widely used "Ping Shui Yun", there are four tones in Medieval Chinese, called Ping, Shang, Qu and Ru. Except for the flat tone, the other three tones have changes in pitch, so they are collectively called oblique tones. There is a certain pattern for the use of oblique words in poetry, which is called meter. Ping tones and oblique tones refer to the rhythm of poetry composed of oblique and oblique tones. Pingchi is an attempt to dualize the four tones. The four tones are the four tones in ancient Chinese. The so-called tone refers to the pitch, rise and fall, and length of the voice. Ping and Ze are summarized using incomplete induction method on the basis of the four tones. Ping refers to straightness, and Chi refers to twists and turns.
The ascending tone, the descending tone, the entering tone are flat, and the rest are flat tones.
First of all, let’s take a look at Liu Yuxi’s “Rewarding Lotte and Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou”:
Bashan Chushui is a desolate place, abandoned for twenty-three years.
Nostalgically reciting the poems on the flute in the air, and when I go to the countryside to read it, I feel like a dead person.
Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of trees spring in front of the diseased trees.
Listen to a song of Junge today, and let me have a glass of wine for the time being.
This is a seven-character rhymed poem, with eight lines in total, divided into four couplets. The first and second sentences are called the first couplet, the second and third sentences are the jaw couplets, the fifth and sixth sentences are the neck couplets, and the seventh and eighth sentences are the last couplets. The first sentence in each couplet is called a sentence, and the second sentence is called a couplet. The oblique format of this poem is:
○○●●○○●,●●○○●●△.
⊙●○○○●●,◎○⊙●●○△.
○○●●○○●,●●○○●●△.
⊙●○○○●●,◎○⊙●●○△.
In the format, "○" represents the flat tone character, "●" represents the oblique tone character, "◎" means that the flat tone character should be used instead of the oblique tone character, which is usually called the "pan" tone character, and "⊙" It means that the flat tone character is used instead of the oblique tone character, which is usually called the "zan" sound character. The characters Panyin and Zanyin are both flat and oblique characters that can be used interchangeably. "△" indicates rhyme characters. Because modern poetry must flatten the rhyme, the oblique rhyme symbols are not marked.
Some rules can be found from the above example, that is, the relationship between flat and oblique in each sentence is the alternation of two sounds, that is, every two "ping" sound characters or every two "oblique" sound characters alternate; The equal and oblique relationship between the sentences in the couplet and the couplet in the couplet is opposite. This rule is called "pair". If it does not conform to this rule, it is called "mispair"; The first four characters of the sentence are the same as the first four characters of the couplet in the first couplet. The last three characters reverse the order, which is called "sticking". If it does not conform to this rule, it is called "loss of stickiness". These sticky pairs can adjust the flat tones in the poem so that it has a sense of ups and downs and a sense of looping when reading.