Update time: 2018-07-29 23:13
Wu Jingzi (1701-1754), with the courtesy name Minxuan, the courtesy name Wenmu, and the title Limin, was the greatest figure in the Qing Dynasty One of the novelists. Han nationality, from Quanjiao County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province. Because his family had a "Wenmu Shanfang", he called himself "Old Man Wenmu" in his later years. And because he moved from his hometown of Quanjiao County, Chuzhou, Anhui to the banks of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, Jiangsu, he was also called a "Qinhuai guest" (Wu Jingzi's handwritten "Lanting Preface" is now available) There is a seal in the middle: "Quanjiao Wu Jingzi Hao Li Min Seal"). I have been interested in novels since I was a child and am good at memorizing them. If it is a little longer, he will be a supplementary official to learn from his disciples. You Jing's "Selected Works" was completed. If you are not good at managing your life and have a heroic nature, you will squander all your old products within a few years, and sometimes you may run out of food. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng's reign (1735), the governor Zhao Guogong refused to go to the imperial examination in response to the "Bo Xue Hong Ci" (he took the three-level local examinations of the Academy, the Fuyuan and the Supervisory Academy, but the examination was not postponed due to illness). He moved to Jinling and became the leader of the literary world. They also gathered comrades to build a pantheon at the foot of Yuhua Mountain to worship 230 people under Taibo. With insufficient funds, he sold his house to make a living, which helped his family become poorer. In his later years, he called himself Old Man Wenmu. He visited Yangzhou and indulged in drinking. Later he died among the guests. He is the author of twelve volumes of "Wenmu Shanfang's Poems and Essays" (four volumes are preserved today), seven volumes of "Wenmu Shanfang's Poems and Essays" (forty-three volumes are preserved today), and the satirical novel "The Scholars". (Overview)
Chinese name: Wu Jingzi
Alias: Minxuan, Wenmu, Limin
Nationality: Chinese (Qing Dynasty)
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Nationality: Han
Place of birth: Quanjiao, Anhui
Date of birth: 1701
Date of death: 1754
Occupation: Writer, novelist
Belief: Confucianism
Main achievements: One of the greatest novelists of the Qing Dynasty. Author of many literary works.
Representative works: "The Scholars" and "Collected Poems and Essays of Wenmu Shanfang"
The Wu Jingzi family has been a local aristocratic family for generations, and "the reputation of the family has always been beautiful." In the 40th year of Kangxi's reign (1710), Wu Jingzi was born into a bureaucratic family with "many prominent officials in the imperial family". During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, my distant ancestor was granted the title of Xiaoqiwei and was given the title of Liuhe, Jiangsu Province. The great ancestor Wu Pei, whose courtesy name was Hairuo, was an honest and upright man who would rather live in poverty than cling to the powerful. At that time, Guan Ji, the prefect of Ning State, summoned him with a letter, but he declined and refused to go. Wu Pei was erudite and talented, good at writing, poetry and calligraphy. Recently, a rare copy of his posthumous works "Xishu Thatched Cottage Collection" was discovered, which was compiled by his sons Wu Guoding, Wu Guoqi, Wu Guojin, Wu Guodui and Wu Guolong in one volume each. In addition, he also wrote six volumes of "Xin Jie" of the Book of Songs, "Reading" "Historical Commentary", "The True Interpretation of the Four Books of Oral Instructions", etc.
Wu Jingzi lost his mother at the age of thirteen and followed his father when he was fourteen.
During such an important period, some of the following major events happened to Wu Jingzi: He met his father Wu Linqi and became an upright official. , integrity, dedication, and made a lot of contributions to Ganyu County in the humble position of education. When he first took office, he saw that the teaching building was in a state of decay and collapse. He first donated 40 taels of his annual salary, and then sold 3,000 acres of his ancestral fertile land. Brief introduction of Wu Jingzi, and sold the properties in Wuhe, Tianchang, Hanshan, and The ancestral pawnshops, cloth shops, silver buildings, etc. in Zhouzhou and other places raised nearly ten thousand taels of silver and were built in Dazhou in 1668.
Wu Jingzi created a large number of poetry, prose and historical research works throughout his life, including "Wenmu Mountain" "Collection of Fang's Poems" is in twelve volumes, four of which are now in existence. However, it was his satirical novel "The Scholars" that established his outstanding status in the history of Chinese literature. This novel took him nearly 20 years and was not completed until he was 49 years old. People built the "Wu Jingzi Memorial Hall" in his hometown; the "Wu Jingzi Former Residence" was also built at Taoyedu on the Qinhuai River in Nanjing. Throughout Wu Jingzi's life, his life and thoughts have undergone tremendous changes. In life, he fell from wealth to poverty; in thought, he expressed completely opposite views on fame and wealth. He grew up in a family with many generations of Kejia, and spent most of his life in Nanjing and Yangzhou. He was accustomed to seeing bureaucrats, gentry, nobles, people in the industry, celebrities, and wealthy people. In the lives of these "upper class people", he angrily saw the favoritism and malpractice of the bureaucrats, the arbitrary country tunes of the wealthy gentry, the mediocrity and ignorance of the educated people, the greed of those in the industry, the arty etiquette of the celebrities, and the swindling and cheating of the wealthy. Coupled with the fact that his personal life has gone from rich to poor, it is easy to detect the ever-changing faces of those "upper class people". In "The Scholars" he wrote about the decadence of the spiritual life of various types of intellectuals.
"The Scholars" is a groundbreaking masterpiece in the history of Chinese novels. Before it, there were already famous vernacular chapter-length novels in Chinese literature such as "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", and "Journey to the West". The groundbreaking significance of "The Scholars" is that it uses realism as its background and irony as its aesthetic pursuit. Together with "A Dream of Red Mansions" that appeared later, it constitutes another peak of ancient Chinese novels and plays an irreplaceable role in the history of the development of Chinese novels. The content of this work is broad and profound, shining with the light of democratic and progressive ideas.
The author ruthlessly lashes out at the corrupt nature of the feudal imperial examination system and its harm to the souls of intellectuals with sharp strokes. He deeply depicts a series of pedantic scholars and hypocritical celebrities who were deeply poisoned by the imperial examination, and also creates ideal characters. . Although it is based on the Ming Dynasty, it is a real picture of life in feudal society. This work not only uses satire as the main artistic method, but is also structurally different from the usual way that novels use central characters and central events to structure the story. It uses continuous stories and interconnected characters that are both independent and echoing. form an artistic whole. It laid the foundation of satirical novels in my country and had a huge and far-reaching influence on subsequent literature
Great-uncle: Wu Guolong
Great-uncle: Wu Sheng, Wu Bing
Great-grandfather: Wu Guodui
Grandfather: Wu Dan
Father: Wu Linqi, who was a tribute in the Bingyin year of Kangxi (1686), and in the Jiawu year of Kangxi (1714) He was appointed as "Educator of Ganyu County".
The eldest son: Wu Liang, courtesy name Xun Shu, is a scholar in the imperial examination, a scholar in the court case, and a co-president of Ningwu Mansion. He is good at writing, has a good knowledge of ancient calculations, and is good at pronunciation and rhyme. He is also the author of "Shan Pavilion Collection" .
Second son: Uncle Wu Heng, also known as Wenxiong, nicknamed Weichuan, was a Juren in Guixi, magistrate of Puning County, and worked as a waiter.
Third Son: No test