Classical poetry is divided into 1, five-character ancient poetry 2 and seven-character ancient poetry. There are five words in each sentence of five-character ancient poetry, and there is no limit to the number of words in the whole poem. Seven-character ancient poetry has seven words in each sentence, and there is no limit to the number of words in the whole poem. In addition, there is a kind of miscellaneous poem, which is composed of five words, seven words or even three words, four words, six words, eight words and nine words, and is generally classified as seven-word ancient poetry. Classical poetry is also called archaism.
Modern poetry can be divided into three categories: 1, metrical poetry 2, arranged poetry 3 and quatrains. There are two kinds of regular poems: five-character regular poems and seven-character regular poems. Five-character rhyme has five words and eight sentences each. Seven-character rhyme has seven words in each sentence and eight in * *. Parallelism is a kind of metrical poem with more than ten sentences. Parallelism of five characters is more common, while parallelism of seven characters is less common. Quatrains are divided into five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains. Five-character quatrains have five words for each sentence and four sentences for * *. Seven-character quatrains have seven words for each sentence and four sentences for * *.
Modern poetry is a new style of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, which is very different from ancient poetry in terms of words, rhyme, tone and antithesis. When we say meter, we mainly mean the meter of modern poetry. Metric poetry is a style of poetry, which requires strict writing in accordance with the rules. It originated from "Yongming Style" and flourished in the Tang Dynasty, becoming the soul treasure of China's poetry culture.
2. How do we learn poetry? When learning poetry, you need to learn meter. A player can become a star without knowing the rules. Some people object to metrical rules because they don't understand them at the moment, which is wrong. Starting with the study of legal sentences, we write seven-character decrees to solve the problems and laws of poetic realm in seven-character decrees. In the future, exports will be legal, just as professional players will be formal. Today, let's talk about the leveling that makes many people dizzy. Many ancient poets found through research that our pronunciation can be divided into two categories, one is flat, the other is uneven, and the other is uneven. It is also practiced to find that the words of Pingping are good to listen to. It is found that they sound good according to certain rules. This rule is rice! That's the way it is, such as level, style and rhythm. The ancients have worked out what we use.
Everyone must have an idea when learning poetry, that is, poetry is not written, but recited and sung. Poetry should be sung, and rhythmic listening is the best. No need for rhythm, such as singing out of tune.
★ Metric poem
There are several styles of metrical poetry:
1, five laws: that is, a sentence of five words and eight sentences, which is limited to the end. The five laws take the first sentence as a positive example and rhyme as an example.
2, seven laws: that is, a sentence of seven words and eight sentences, limited to flat rhyme, a rhyme to the end. The rhyme of the first sentence is a positive example and the rhyme of the first sentence is a variation.
3. Exclusion: it can be five-word exclusion or seven-word exclusion. Arrange at least ten sentences. The arranged rhymes must be integers, such as ten rhymes and thirty-six rhymes.
4, into the law quatrains: you can write five-character quatrains, you can also write seven-character quatrains. Four words, Ye Yunping. (Note: quatrains are divided into ancient quatrains and absolute quatrains. There are two kinds of quatrains, one is quatrains with regular sentences and the other is quatrains without regular sentences. The legal sentences of regular poems are classified as regular poems, and the legal sentences of ancient Chinese are classified as ancient Chinese. Most books are called quatrains, regardless of statutes and styles.
Ye Ping's rhyming things must be rhythmic, and Ye Xu's rhyming things must be antique. In addition, generally speaking, people like to use ancient style, and people like to use it.
★ rhymes
1, what is rhyme?
The sound of Chinese characters consists of initials and finals, and words with the same finals are homophones. Such as: mom, hemp, scolding, flowers, sand, tea, and then, Yang, Yang, Yang and so on. Poetry pays attention to the beauty of rhythm and rhyme, and it should be pleasant to listen to. Therefore, all China's poems and songs must rhyme, and all rhymes must rhyme. If it rains and gets dirty, the young couple will not hold grudges when quarreling. Flow resentment rhyme, otherwise it will not be smooth. When the ancients didn't have pinyin, they chose representative characters to represent it. Fourth, the ancients had a flat rhyme department, an upper rhyme department, a de-rhyme department and an entering rhyme department. There are many homophones in every rhyme, which is the rhyme book. We can check. Note: Putting homophones in the same place, usually at the end of a sentence, is called rhyme, also called Ye Yun.
2. What is rhyme?
Rhyme, also known as Ye Yun, puts homonyms in the same place, usually at the end of a sentence. China's folk songs, ballads, operas, poems, lyrics, etc. All belong to Ye Yun. Not without rhyming.
3. What are old rhyme and new rhyme?
The ancient four tones are also constantly changing. Today we all use Mandarin, and the old rhyme we are talking about now refers to Pingshui rhyme. New rhyme refers to the rhyme of Putonghua, but at present many people are opposed to using new rhyme. My personal opinion is that beginners use the new rhyme first and then learn the old rhyme slowly.
Here are some common questions:
1. What is Pingshui Rhyme? People's accents are constantly changing, so are their rhymes, and later they become horizontal rhymes. Horizontal rhyme is the closest old rhyme to us. When we say old rhyme, it means horizontal rhyme.
"Ping Yun Shui" has 106 rhymes, of which Pingsheng has 30 rhymes, which are divided into upper and lower halves, called upper and lower Pingsheng. This is just for the convenience of arrangement, and there is no difference in tone between the two. Modern poetry only bet on flat and even rhymes, so we only look at the rhymes of these flat and even rhymes (the first word of each rhyme):
Shang Pingsheng: Yidong, Erdong, Sanjiang, Sizhi, Wuwei, Liu Yu, Qiyu, Bayi, Jiujia, Shi Hui, Shiyizhen, Shi Wen, thirteen yuan, fourteen cold and fifteen deleted.
Xia Pingsheng: Yixian, Erxiao, Sanyao, No.4,, Liu Ma, Qiyang, Bageng, Jiuqing,, Shiyiyou, Shieryan, Qin, Yan and Xi 'an.
From these rhymes alone, we can see that ancient sounds are very different from modern sounds. Some of them belonged to different rhymes in ancient times, but now they can't tell the difference, such as East and Winter, River and Yang, Fish and Danger, True and Wen, Xiao, Yao and Hao, Salty and Salty, Geng and Qing, Cold and Delete, and so on.
Second: what are the upper and lower levels? (Refer to the above) In Pingshui rhyme, there are 30 rhymes in the Pingsheng part. For the convenience of memory, it is artificially divided into Shang Ping 15 rhyme and Xia Ping 15 rhyme. Like a book, it is divided into two volumes, nothing special. We often say that the use of the upper level should be limited to the second level, or that the upper level should be limited to the winter, which means writing poems with the third rhyme of the first volume. The first volume has 15, and the second volume has 15, which is nothing mysterious.
Third: What are broad rhyme, narrow rhyme and dangerous rhyme? Most homonyms in a rhyme department are called wide rhymes, and width means more words. We can use words conveniently, and there are many words to choose from. Less words are called narrow rhyme, and narrow roads are not easy to walk. At least it's called dangerous rhyme crisis. If you don't use it well, you will make mistakes.
Fourth: What is a rhyme ending? Vowels are divided into a beginning and a ending. Anything with the same rhyme is also a rhyming word. It doesn't matter if the rhyme is different
★ Relationship between Four Tones and Flat Tone
Yi Chan, today's four tones
Today's four tones are ordinary tones, and the four tones are one, two, three and four tones, namely, flat tone, rising tone, falling tone. For example: take, answer, hit, big. Flat lines are flat, and the upper sound and the lower sound are awkward. Even to answer, it's great to beat. That is, one or two tones are flat, and three or four tones are awkward.
The second and fourth sounds
The fourth tone is: Ping, Shang, Qu and Jin. If it is flat, it will be flat, and if it goes up, it will be all embarrassing. Note: the problem lies in the tone. There are no Rusheng characters in Mandarin. In ancient times, Rusheng characters were all classified into four tones of Putonghua: even tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. It's easy to classify the entering tone and the leaving tone, but it's annoying to classify the entering tone and the leaving tone. Because in the ancient rhyme, it was a entering tone character, but today we read it in Mandarin, but it is a standard flat-voiced character, such as Bai, Wu and Zhu. Today, we read in Putonghua, but it is the entering tone in the ancient rhyme. The phrase "the mountain covers the day" is flat and flat in Mandarin, but it is flat and flat from the ancients because the white characters enter the sound, which is a very neat format. Many people said after learning Yin Ping: Why don't ancient poems be written according to Yin Ping? The main reason is that you didn't read according to the ancient sound (some used the ancient reading method).
Rusheng character is an obstacle to communicate old and new rhymes. What shall we do? Everyone has different opinions, and the personal experience is: back! Just recite some introductory words that are classified as a level playing field today. You can also refer to the local dialect to read. For example, "Bai" reads tones in our local dialect, and all houses and bamboos read tones.
These words are intonation, but they read flat today. Please remember:
Ah Ba rubbed, inserted, feathered, scraped, pinched, removed, brushed, dug the blind duck, pressed and plucked. The State of Guo said, "Take off the table, catch it as a column, put it aside, cut off the arm, bite, pinch, cut, eat, wet, weave, force, drip, strike, kick, rest."
Dial, check, check, answer, cut, raft, slide, row, clip, clip, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow, narrow.
★ The level of orthographic poetry
The flatness of regular poetry is the most important factor in regular poetry. The flat and flat meter of metrical poems has been applied to the lyrics and songs of later generations. When we talk about the metrical form of poetry, we mainly talk about leveling.
The level of fifteen laws
There are only four kinds of five-character flat lines, which can form two couplets. Namely:
Flat and light, flat and light; Flat and light, flat and light.
From the complicated changes of these two couplets, a pattern of five laws and four levels can be formed. In fact, there are only two basic formats, and the other two are only slightly changed on the basis of the basic format.
Zexing
Flat and light, flat and light. (Ping) Ping, (Ping) Ping.
Flat and light, flat and light. (Ping) Ping, (Ping) Ping.
(The words in brackets can be flat or flat. )