The artistic achievements of Tao Yuanming's poems have a unique style and high attainments in art. (1) The striking impression of his poems is that they are plain and natural. This is inseparable from the content of his poems and the characteristics of his performance. The main contents of his poems are the plain pastoral scenery, the daily life in the countryside, and the quiet state of mind in this life; However, it is expressed naturally through simple language and sketching techniques, which makes people feel as if they are "naturally flowing out of their chests" without any trace of axe chisel. (2) Although Tao Yuanming's poems are plain, they are not shallow. On the contrary, they only make people feel honest and tasteful. Although his poetic language is only a very common "family language", it is highly refined by art. In this very pithy language, there are rich images, which have a deep foundation in real life, whether it is natural scenery or social life. Such as "loving the forest in front of the hall, storing clear shade in the middle and summer", which is the living environment of the poet. Although the word "storage" is just an ordinary word, it is very vivid and fresh when used here. The quiet and cool tree-lined trees in mid-summer seem to be a jar of clear water that can be stored and taken away. Su Shi said that Tao poetry is "like a real one", which just illustrates this feature. (3) Some of Tao Yuanming's poems are still full of artistic conception. This is most prominent in his pastoral poems. For example, in the first song of "Returning to the Garden" quoted earlier, we not only saw a few straw houses in the elm, willow, peach and plum trees, a few wisps of kitchen smoke in the village, but also heard the barking of dogs in deep alleys and the crowing of chickens at the head of trees. All these also constitute a realm, which is quiet, quiet and simple and natural. The formation of this feature is closely related to the poet's creative method. The poet's purpose in writing pastoral poems is not to describe the pastoral life objectively, but to harmonize and express the interest in this life. Trapped in this, when he was creating, he didn't take the images of rural life at will, but took the things that could arouse his thoughts and feelings most into his poems. The ordinary life materials contained extraordinary ideological artistic conception, which made people feel cordial and lofty. Su Shi said: "If you watch Tao Peng Ze's poems, you will not accept them at first;" Repeatedly, I know its curiosity. " The so-called "curiosity" is produced from the artistic conception. Because of his artistic conception, his poems are integrated. This also coincides with the "chaotic weather, difficult to extract sentences" in Han and Wei poems. (4) Tao Yuanming's poems have different styles because of their different contents. For example, most of his pastoral poems are scattered and rushed, while poems such as "Ode to Jing Ke" are bold and powerful. However, although the latter is bold and unconstrained, it is "bold and uninhibited" (Zhu Xi's words), which naturally has something in common with the plainness of his pastoral poems. Tao Yuanming is a famous "pastoral poet" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His poems are famous for describing pastoral scenery and secluded life. Among the more than 12 existing Tao poems, the works describing rural scenery and rural life account for a great deal. Moreover, because he personally participated in the labor, got close to the peasants, and had a deep experience of rural life, such works are true in content, deep in feelings, and clear in image, showing simple natural beauty and the noble sentiment of the poet's unwillingness to go along with the dark reality, which is the most popular. "Fang Zhai more than ten acres, hut between eight or nine. The willow trees cover the eaves of the house, the peach and the Li Lieman before the pre-hospital. Warm and distant villages, smoke in Yiyi Market. In the deep alley where dogs bark, chickens crow and mulberry trees jump. " This poem expresses the author's happy mood of returning to rural life after being dismissed from Pengze county magistrate, and it is the poet's ode to peaceful countryside. In this picturesque picture of a village house, there is a simple natural beauty. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely." This is a portrayal of the poet's carefree life in the embrace of nature, and a singing of Tao Ran's secluded life. "Chrysanthemum" is a symbol of nobleness, and "picking chrysanthemums" shows the noble character of poets. "Nanshan" is "Lushan Mountain". Wang Guowei's evaluation in "Ci Hua on Earth" is that there is no self, and things are viewed by things, so I don't know what is for me and what is for things. Subjectivity and objectivity are integrated. Through a series of images, the poet hinted at the author's ideal of returning to nature and conforming to nature, which made his pastoral poems show a diluted and peaceful appearance. In this kind of works describing villagers' life, some of them are about labor experience and hard life. "In the morning, I will manage the waste and filth, and bring the lotus hoe home. The road is narrow and the grass is long, and the evening dew touches my clothes. "It writes about the hard work of going out early and returning late, the joy after work and the praise of working life. Tao Yuanming's great contribution in the history of poetry development is to create a new field of literati's poetry creation-pastoral poetry. The poet described the pastoral scenery affectionately and naturally, and truly described his own life of hard work, but he showed a calm and optimistic attitude towards the hardships of labor, and his ambition of hard work remained unchanged. Although ordinary metaphysical poets have paid attention to understanding philosophy from examining nature, which has produced the bud of landscape poetry, no one has turned his eyes to ordinary villages. It is only in Tao Yuanming's works that rural life and rural scenery are regarded as important aesthetic objects for the first time, thus opening up a unique world for future generations. He regards agricultural labor as a natural way of life, and praises the beautiful interest contained in labor life, which is also a profound discovery. Another great contribution of Tao Yuanming in the history of poetry development is to create a new aesthetic field and a new artistic realm, and to create a diluted beauty with strong feelings. The peaceful and indifferent realm of life is naturally revealed in poetry. The poem that best represents the author's diluted beauty is the fifth poem in Drinking, "build house is in a human condition, but there are no chariots and horses." Ask what you can do, and your heart is far from self-biased. " The predecessors have long commented on the artistic characteristics of Tao poetry, calling it simple and natural. But this is not a folk song or a style influenced by folk songs, but a conscious aesthetic pursuit of the poet. Fundamentally speaking, this is also determined by Tao Yuanming's "natural" philosophy. In his view, man-made complicated etiquette destroys the naturalness of society and pretentious behavior destroys the naturalness of human nature. Then, the excessive pursuit of poetry in the external form will inevitably destroy the naturalness of feelings. Therefore, he seldom uses colorful colors, exaggerated intonation, abstruse vocabulary and uncommon allusions. Antithesis is often used in his poems, but most of them are relatively primitive and not so delicate, so that they are not obvious in feeling. His poetry is full of emotion, but it is rarely really strong and appears to be turbulent, but it is combined with calm philosophical thinking to present a clear and distant artistic conception. The realm charm of his poems is a natural expression of the realm of life, which is peaceful and indifferent, striving for nothing in the world, and lacking in mind and nature. It is a new type of artistic conception beauty. This aesthetic realm is unprecedented and difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the simplicity of Tao Shi's words is not casual, without processing, but highly refined, which washes away all the miscellaneous and sticky things before showing a clear simplicity. Tao Shi's words are plain and unadorned, and the language is pure and beautiful. Undoubtedly, he has a keen sense of the beauty of nature, so he can reconstruct it into a poetic image with accurate and simple language. In a word, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are a true reflection of the poet's rural life. However, this is the rural life through the prism of the poet's thought, and it is the externalization of the poet's artistic soul. At the same time, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are full of artistic conception, and the selected scenery has distinctive characteristics, full of the poet's feelings and embodies the poet's personality characteristics. His poems have a unique artistic style and high attainments. Through simple language and simple description, he reproduces the rural life, reflecting the artistic style of plain, natural, true and vivid, profound and reasonable. Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion for many times in his life, and only over one hundred poems survived, among which pastoral poems are the most representative. The main artistic features of Tao's pastoral poems are simplicity, naturalness and simplicity, but they have far-reaching implications and an open realm. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry is a treasure in Chinese history and the originator of pastoral poetry in China. It also directly influenced the creative style of landscape pastoral poetry represented by Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu in Tang Dynasty. In Tao Yuanming's works, pastoral and labor became meaningful in literati's works for the first time, while the artistic characteristics of pastoral poems were more colorful. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, with plain and simple language and rich charm, can be passed down through the ages, which has a great relationship with the plain and simple language and is catchy to read. Tao Yuanming's unique life experience, simple rural life and plain rural scenery require simple language and drawing techniques similar to "Tianjia dialect" as much as possible, thus forming a plain and natural style of pastoral poetry. However, if it is simple, it will never produce such a strong artistic charm. The advantages of Tao poetry are: under the plain appearance, it contains fiery thoughts and feelings and rich life breath. Try to read a section in the poem "Persuade Agriculture": "I am calling for the sound, and I am afraid of the original land. The flowers and trees are prosperous, and the wind is clear. Men and women are competing with the times. Mulberry women are happy, and farmers are wild. " Although what is presented here is a peaceful agricultural map, it is actually only the result of beautifying the closed and self-sufficient characteristics of rural areas in China. Re-read the first song of "Returning to the Garden": "There is no suitable rhyme, and the nature loves Qiushan. I slipped into the official career net, and has been away from the field for more than ten years. The cage bird is often attached to the past forest, the fish in the pool yearning for the past abyss. I would like to open up wasteland at the Minamino, keep my humble nature to the field. Around the house is about ten acres of land, and the thatched cottage of the thatched cottage. The willow trees cover the eaves of the house, the peach and the Li Lieman before the pre-hospital. The nearby village of the nearby village faintly visible, the village drift Ni smoke. A few dogs barked in the lane, and the mulberry tree was called with a cock. There is no dust clutter in the courtyard, some in the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. After a long time in the cage, I am back to nature. " This poem expresses the poet's happy mood of returning to rural life; In the middle section of the scenery, the following four sentences of "Fang Zhai" outline the simplicity and beauty of your residence with simple pen and ink; "It's warm in the distant village, and smoke in the yiyi market", and the line of sight turns to the distance, which makes the whole picture show a leisurely, empty, quiet and peaceful charm. The so-called "beauty can be seen in plain" is exactly the case. The brushwork is fresh and natural and exquisite. The pastoral landscape depicted by Tao Yuanming never pursues gorgeous language and superficial shape, but casually touches fresh and natural, but has endless charm. Such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan." The word "see" in one sentence indicates that it happened when the author picked chrysanthemums, not to describe the appearance of mountains deliberately, but also to show the author's leisurely creation. Tao Qian's pastoral poems are rooted in rural life, and his personal feelings about rural life are melted into his poems. The most common square houses and grass houses, with green trees and flowers, distant villages and smoke nearby, chickens crowing and dogs barking … all show infinite vitality under his description, forming a beautiful rural picture. Let's analyze the second part of "Returning to the Garden": "There are few people in the wild, and there are few wheels in the poor lanes. The day is still chai men closed, the pure heart to cut off vulgar thinking. When the complex market music, grass * * *. Meet not to talk about the worldly affairs, only say the garden sang ma grows. My Tian sang ma is growing taller and higher, and my land of cultivation is expanding day by day. I am always afraid that the frost will come, and it will be the same as the grass. " The poet first described the things in rural life, including the wilderness, deep alleys, Chai Fei, dusty rooms ... and then went back to the things in front of him to describe the farming in the field and the in-depth contact with the farmers around him. Even if there are only a few words with them, there is no lack of warmth in the communication between the lower classes. The whole poem closely revolves around the pastoral life, and integrates its own feelings into the poem. Therefore, fresh, natural and delicate description is another artistic feature of pastoral poetry. There is a sincere love for the countryside, and the blending of emotion, scenery and reason is very important in poetry creation, and emotion is the most important. Without emotion, the scene will be lifeless, without emotion, it will be "tasteless", and without strong emotional infiltration, the scene and reason will lose the vitality of the work. In Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, birds and animals, flowers and plants, mountains and rivers are full of strong thoughts and feelings; At the same time, the poet is good at combining emotion with reason, visualizing his profound understanding of life and reality, and closely combining poetry with philosophy and scenery, which will give readers a lot of fun no matter from which angle to appreciate pastoral poetry. For example, the third song of "Drinking": "build house is in a human condition, and there are no chariots and horses. Ask you what you can do, and your heart is far from self-biased. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are returning. There is a true meaning in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say. " The most outstanding artistic feature of this poem is that lyricism, scenery description and reasoning are in perfect harmony. The first four sentences are to write the scenery first and then make sense; The middle four sentences express leisurely feelings while writing the scenery, and also imply the truth of knowing when you are tired; The last two sentences are about observing everything and realizing the philosophy of life. Poetry has created an artistic realm of harmony between subject and object and the unity of things and me. The language of poetry seems to be simple, natural and unremarkable, but in fact it has reached a concise and expressive position. This is why pastoral poetry has an irreplaceable position in the history of China's poetry. The predecessors have long commented on the artistic characteristics of Tao poetry, calling it simple, natural and sincere. Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble moral integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in the society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help us indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Poem of Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and his infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a brand-new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. With its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, it opened up a new world for China's poetry circle and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in the Tang Dynasty.