In September, the Huns killed the border generals, and the Han army completely left Liaohe.
Wan Li has no bones, and every family is buried at the gates.
A woman relies on her son and husband, with a poor heart, and lives together in bundles.
My husband is in my stomach, but my body is like a candle.
Complaining about Women is an ancient poem by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The whole poem compares the Tang Dynasty with Chinese, describes the cruelty of war and the disasters it brought to the people, and uses concise words and euphemistic feelings.
In classical poetry, it is a common theme that lovers join the army and beg their wives to grieve. Zhang Ji's "Women's Complaints" is innovative, and it is famous for its heart-breaking, vomiting blood, pain in the skin and outstanding. "In September, the Huns killed the border generals, and the Han army completely left Liao." Liaoshui, now the northeast Liaohe River, enters the sea in the southeast of Yingkou, Liaoning Province. The poem comes straight to the point and points out the reasons why women resent poison. The word "nothing" in the poem is too powerful, which highlights the typicality of the incident from the tragic situation and heavy casualties, thus producing the feeling of mourning for the women who participated in the war. "Wan Li has no bones, and every family is buried at the gates." Soul-evoking burial, an ancient custom, can't accept the burial of a corpse, and is afraid that the soul of a loved one won't come back, so it calls out the name of a loved one, attracts the soul back, and buries it in a coffin with the clothes of the deceased. The title of the poem is "Resentful Women", but the poet has a broad vision and outlines a huge scene of "crying at the gate", which twists and turns from the outside to the inside.
The word "white bone" is very shocking to read. The skeleton is fragmented and abandoned in the wilderness, just like now, which enhances the image of poetry. Reading this sentence, we can think of RoyceWong's "Go out and see, white bones cover the plain" ("Seven Wounded Poems") and Du Fu's "Hope to see the old white bones abandoned" ("Military Vehicle Shop"), and we can play with each other. The word "every family" seems ordinary, but in fact it implies the inheritance of "nothing" With the universality of wailing, it strengthened the tragic atmosphere and made a good foil for the mourning of the following women.
Then get down to business and lead to the protagonist's "soliciting girl". "A woman lives in Yi Shu with her son and husband." He should have promised to express his grief, but the poet took a step back and imagined a comfortable life with her husband and son. With this foreshadowing, waves were born. Ordinary life has become a luxury. Facing the reality, my yearning was shattered, so I forced out the following sentence: "My husband is in the belly and my body is like a candle." Why do you rely on your husband's death? How to train children? If you want to die, you will have children. If you want to live, you will have no food or clothes. In the crying of every family, the poet chose this special family. The tragic situation of the protagonist's unwillingness to live or die is particularly cruel in many unfortunate families, which embodies the typicality of the event. If so, the tragic atmosphere is far from perfect.
The conclusion uses "daylight candle" as a metaphor, which not only shows the feeling of pain and sadness with the surplus of daylight candle, but also shows the bleak mood and turbulent livelihood of the protagonist with dim candlelight. The metaphor is novel and appropriate, with rich connotations. Liu Xizai, a A Qing poet, said in "On Art": "Zhang Wenchang's Bai Xiangshan Yuefu and Wang Zhongchu are both innovative, but their hearts are broad and narrow." The word "steep and narrow" shows the characteristics of this poem. The so-called "precipitous", that is, intense emotions and clear accusations, are not gentle and sincere, but all sharp. The poem sees the big picture from the small, and the woman's sorrow is not reported. She severely criticized the Tang family for being unsympathetic to the people's feelings and frequent wars. The surging anti-war sentiment and the profound sincerity of benevolent governance permeate the chapter. The so-called "narrow", that is, the text is short and pithy, and you don't type. Condense rich content into short space. To this end, events must be typical and prominent, the structure must not be derived from branches and vines, and the words must be refined and concise. All this is fully reflected in this poem.
Although this poem is a small poem, its layout is changeable. From the scene of group crying to the scene of single mourning, the big contrast is small. Turn to reality with longing, and set off sadness with joy. Different sizes, sorrows and joys complement each other, contrast is positive, and it is uncertain. The needle and thread of the structure are dense, undulating and tortuous, which plays a role in setting off and rendering sad expressions.