one
East Badong Mountain, East of China and Pakistan: The first sentence points out the location of Kuizhou and highlights the word "mountain". People who have been to Kuizhou often marvel at the vastness of Kuizhou Mountain. From Qutang to Wushan Canyon, there are strange peaks and strange mountains on both sides. In particular, the two cliffs in Qutang are like giant doors that open the sky, so they are called Kuimen. Du Fu described: "Where did the Three Gorges spread? The double cliffs make this door strong, and it is still stone-colored when it enters the sky, and it wears water and clouds suddenly. You must be an ancient, dragon cave house, xi He Jin Dong, you are afraid that Japanese cars will turn over. " ("Two Cliffs in Qutang") It is said in the poem that the two cliffs, which are shaped like Tianmen, are magnificent, and even he who pushes a cart for Sun is afraid that the car will turn over. A Qing poet Zhang Wentao wrote in his poem Qutang Gorge: "Although he can handle everything with exquisite pens, it is difficult to write about the mountains on both sides of Qutang River."
During the opening of the river: it means that the river has been running since the opening of the Three Gorges. When was it opened? In the distant ancient times,
Baidigao is the Three Gorges Town (town, a military town): Baidigao is a military town in the past dynasties because it faces the natural barrier of Qutang and is easy to defend but difficult to attack. For example, in AD 22 1 year, Liu Bei defeated the State of Wu, and retreated to Baidicheng the following year, so the people of Wu did not dare to go west.
Qutangguan Bailongguan: Qutangxia is also known as Guangxi Gorge. Guangxi, which means accepting many streams. Water from Sichuan and some water from Shaanxi, Gansu, Yunnan and Guizhou are injected into the Yangtze River and gathered in the narrow Qutang Gorge. This is what Du Fu wrote in "Two Poems on the Yangtze River", that is, "Many waters converge, and Qutang strives for a gate (Kuimen)", so Qutang Gorge is full of water, such as tigers whistling and dragons singing, and the huge reef at the gorge stands tall, which is "Tang". It is the "mainstay" of the Yangtze River and stands tall. Due to the rapidity of the river, it has caused thousands of turns and stormy waves, so it is known as "Qutang is dangerous in the world". /kloc-in the winter of 0/959, the people's government rectified the Chuanjiang waterway and adopted the construction scheme of large-scale blasting of caves and stones, thus eliminating the arrowheads. Today it has become a high canyon and a flat lake. ) Bailongguan: The Records of Fengjie County in Guangxu contains: "Bailongguan is located fifteen miles east of the county seat, and Wei Xin Pi said:' Bailongguan in Kuizhou, military forces can't cross it. "Yan Lun Shu" poem: "Bailongguan ancient Kuizhou." Pu Qilong quoted Tang Shu: there are 100 supervisors in the west of Hanzhong County (now Mian County, Shaanxi Province); According to the Picture Classic, the two cliffs built by Kong Ming are opposite, and the Han River flows between them, and also enters the Yichang Road of Jinniu. The same is true of Yang Lun's note. However, judging from the places Du Fu has experienced in his life, he has never been to Hanzhong West County, nor has he seen the danger of a hundred prisons there. It is certain to see Bailongguan in Kuizhou. Bailongguan in the poem refers to Bailongguan in Kuizhou, which is located above the ancient Kuizhou city (now Xiaguan city).
Secondly,
Bai Di Kuizhou Different City: The ancient Ziyang City (still called Ziyang City today), the Xiaguan City below Kuizhou, is the seat of Kuizhou City in the Tang Dynasty, and Bai Di City is in the southeast, which is connected with the border of the ancient Kuizhou City. Because the construction time of Baidi City and Kuizhou City was more than 500 years apart, the boundary between the two ancient cities has long been submerged and can't be seen, so the poem points out that "different cities" are not the same city.
Chuxia in Shujiang has different names: Qutang Gorge in Shujiang used to be called Xiling Gorge, which has the same name as Xiling Gorge in Jingzhou, so it is called "mixed name".
The separation of heroes is not God's will, and the overlord is attached to the material situation: these two sentences are intertextual, meaning that "the separation of heroes" and "the attachment of overlord" are not caused by God's will, but the return of people's hearts. These two sentences sum up the success or failure of political ups and downs through the ages.
third
Qunxiong actually asked about the former dynasty: the former dynasty refers to the Sui Dynasty; The rise of heroes refers to the uprising at the end of Sui Dynasty. Emperor Yang Di was militaristic, extravagant and cruel, lucky in loyalty and righteousness, and suffered greatly from people's livelihood. The broad masses of the people were cornered and rebelled in succession. For example, Wang Bo, a native of Zouping, rose in Qixian, Dou Jiande rose in Gaojibo, Zhang Jin, a native of Yuxian, rose in Hequ, Taiyuan, and Gao Shida, a native of Aoxian, rose in Qinghe. There are also many people in the rulers who took the opportunity to rise up. For example, Yang Xuangan, the son of Su Yang, a veteran of the Sui Dynasty, once attacked the Duke of Chu and became a general, and was highly valued by the ruling and opposition parties. When Yang Di made his second expedition to North Korea, he specially used Xuangan to host the rear transportation and supply, and was stationed in Liyang (now Xunxian County, Henan Province). At this time, people were tired of war and suffered from military service. At that time, the grain transportation was bad, and the commander was forced into a hurry. Xuan was filled with indignation and said, "My husband is rampant and trapped in the realm, and he will die this day! How am I handsome and righteous today? " More than100000 respondents from all over the country. So Xuangan led the troops to attack Luoyang, Tokyo, with great momentum. From 6 1 1 (the seventh year of Daye) to 6 18 (the fourteenth year of Daye), the world was in chaos.
The king can't see anything except now: this sentence inherits the previous sentence, "Many heroes take it by surprise", and the world is in chaos. In other words, the emperor appointed good ministers and made great efforts to govern, and the peaceful and prosperous times (the rule of Zhenguan and the rule of Kaiyuan) were seen in the Tang Dynasty.
It's less than (b √), until, until. Surprise, surprise, surprise. Headed by yuan, this refers to. In the early period of Xuanzong, people were well informed and made great efforts to govern, and the wind of chastity revived again. Old age is fatuous, so Yang Guifei is favored in the palace, and Li and Yang are used outside the palace. Therefore, state affairs are not in Japan, prisons are prosperous, things are amassed, officials of all sizes are corrupt, and all diseases make people ill. Finally caused an Anshi rebellion. All this is summed up in the poet's sentence, "Yuan listens to the old flute, Shao listens to the sun". Xiaoshao, according to legend, is the joy of Shun, which embodies the cultivation of Shun. Here, its meaning is reversed, which means that after creating a prosperous time, Xuanzong thought that everything was over, ignored political affairs and just wanted to listen to Cai Yu. So the aspirant took advantage of the gap, and the courtier An Lushan was cunning and was persuaded by Xuanzong. He has 200,000 chosen men, worships Yang Guifei as his foster mother, and is free to go in and out of the imperial court. It was not until An Lushan rebelled against Yuyang that Xuanzong got a big surprise and woke up from a rude awakening, resenting An Lushan's duplicity and audacity. As Bai Juyi described it, "It was not until the drums of Yuyang shook the whole earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather coats." These two poems, "I hate more than I am stunned, and Yuan listens to the old flute less," are accusations and satires against Xuanzong. The whole poem summarizes the history of Tang Dynasty 100 years from prosperity to decline.
Fourth.
Red armor and white salt all stab (pronounced qí, meaning to wear) Heaven: Red armor, that is, Hongshan, is located on the north bank of the west exit of Qutang Gorge, and the south base is flush with Baidi Mountain, where the earth and stone are red. In the Song Dynasty, it was called Xishan, Xijiao and Wolong Mountain, and now it is called Jigongshan. White salt, namely White Salt Mountain, is located on the north bank of the middle section of Qutang Gorge, now called Taozi Mountain. Because shale is everywhere and the color is like white salt, it is named. These two mountains. Everything is high in the clouds. Therefore, it is said that "red, white and salt are stinging the sky". The "mountain" that fills the air and meets the top of the mountain mainly refers to Chi Jia. At the foot of Chi Jia Mountain, now called Xiaguan City, it is the seat of Gukuizhou City, with dense population and many people winding up the mountain. So "Yan Lu fills the air and welcomes the top of the mountain." In ancient times, there were dense forests and many maples in Bai Di and Qutang area. Du Fu's "Eight Poems in Autumn" contains the phrase "Yushu withers and hurts the maple forest". Kuizhou once had the title of "Hometown of Fruits", especially citrus, which was a tribute in the Tang Dynasty. So, looking up at the red and white salt, between the heavy buildings (the overpass between houses), citrus reticulata is green, full of golden fruits, and the maple leaves are drunk, just like a splendid scenery. Therefore, "LAM Raymond and citrus reticulata are in harmony, and the heavy buildings are embroidered."
Fifth.
There are 10,000 households in the east and west of Qin: Kuizhou people call those who cross the river with flowing water in the mountains Qindong, which refers to the east bank of Caotang River, a small river that flowed into the river from the east of Kuizhou in the Tang Dynasty; Xiqin refers to the west bank of Meixi River, which is a small river that flows into the Yangtze River at 10 miles west of Caotang River. The east of Qin is the east, while the west is the west of Qin. Because the east of Dongling is the suburb of Kuizhou in Tang Dynasty; To the west of Xiqiao is the dock where ships come and go, which is also relatively flat. These two places are densely populated, so they are called "ten thousand in the east and ten thousand in the west". Jiangnan jiangbei spring and summer flowers: Jiangnan refers to the south bank of the Yangtze River and Jiangbei refers to the north bank of the Yangtze River. "Spring and summer flowers in Jiangnan and Jiangbei" refers to the four seasons flowers on both sides of the Yangtze River in Kuizhou.
The crane flying on its back left Qiongrui and got into ginger's teeth while it was young. These two sentences mean that white cranes often fly from the fragrant flowers in Maolin, and wild ducks always play in the river. In the poem, cranes are used instead of white cranes, ducks are used instead of ducklings, and Jiangya is used instead of Jiang Cao, which shows the vibrant scene of these creatures living and multiplying there.
Sixth.
Dongtun Baiqing Paddy Field: Dongtun is located in the northeast corner of Baidicheng. Because Gongsun Shu used to farm here, it is called Dongtun. "The paddy field in Dongtun is 100 hectare", which means 10,000 mu, but Dongtun is far from such a wide paddy field area. This is a problem. The conclusion of Professor Tan Wenxing's research in many aspects is that Dongtun is not only in the northeast corner of Baidi City, but also a relatively flat land on the west bank of the Dongshui River from Daqiao Village (place name) under Huanglian Tree to Baidi Temple. This large area of land is about 100 hectare wide. Therefore, it is said that "the rice fields in Dongtun are a hundred hectares."
There is a stream leading to young crops in the north: the north is the north of Dongtun. Jianshui is the flowing water between two mountains, that is, the Dongpu water above Shangba (place name). The paddy fields in Dongtun can be directly irrigated with the water from the upper reaches of Dongpu River. So "there are streams and young crops in the north."
Seagulls bathed in sunshine are everywhere: because of the long history and large flow of Dongqiao water, seagulls can play and wash everywhere even on sunny days, so there is a saying that "seagulls bathed in sunshine are everywhere".
Rain goes to Korea with the goddess: using the allusion of "goddess", one points out that Dongtun is close to Wushan, and the other points out that it often rains locally. Because of abundant rain, there is enough water to irrigate the rice fields in Dongtun. Because of abundant rain, Dongtun paddy field can often get a lot of smallpox water and surface tap water to irrigate the mountains on both sides.
Seventh.
Mashuyan House has been connected since ancient times: it refers to the material exchange between ancient Sichuan and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, not just Shu and Wu; Commodities do not necessarily refer to hemp salt, and Kuizhou is not short of salt. Du Fu's "negative salary" can prove this point. If the ship was sailing like the wind, it showed that there were often huge ships and large enterprises.
In Long song, people are getting old for many years, but their money is dwindling and the waves are high: a long time has served as a model for others. "Three Old" boatmen. These two sentences mean that the boatmen are driving at high speed in the high waves and singing loudly; Businessmen only care about gambling in the sun. "Long song" should be regarded as a Chuanjiang ode to relieve fatigue and express feelings. These poems are vivid and simple for boatmen, boatmen and businessmen.
Eighth.
The main idea of this poem is: I recall that merchants gathered in Chang 'an, and some people put up landscape paintings for sale. The Wu gorge in front of me has been seen on the screen. As for whether the Chu Palace in the painting is the blue peak in front of my eyes, there is still doubt.
The "Wuxia" in the poem refers to Qutang Gorge. Du Fu often referred to Wushan Gorge and Qutang Gorge as Wu Gorge in Kuizhou poems. The mountain in Kuizhou is also often called Wushan. For example, Wushan refers to the mountains in Kuizhou, and Wuxia refers to Qutang Gorge. About Chu Palace: The Chu Palace mentioned by Du Fu in Kuizhou poems is the legendary Chu Palace where Kuizhou is located. There is no consistent and accurate statement about where the site of Chu Palace is, so it is said that "Chu Palace still suspects Bifeng".
Qijiu
Wuhou ancestral hall can't forget: Wuhou, that is, Zhuge Liang, the Shu phase of the Three Kingdoms. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan, the late ruler, was named the marquis of Wuxiang by the Prime Minister, and was also named the marquis of Zhongwu. Wuhou Temple: Zhuge Liang's ancestral temple, near Guanmiaotuo, a few miles west of Baidicheng, existed at the beginning of liberation, and was later converted into a village primary school building, which was soon abandoned. Why is Zhuge Ancestral Temple unforgettable? Because Zhuge Liang has outstanding knowledge and military talent. He helped Liu Bei establish Shu Han, and after Liu Bei's death, he helped Liu Chan to govern the country. He was loyal to Liu Bei, and this loyalty of "devoting all his life to death before doing it" was highly praised by Du Fu. Du Fu wrote in "Five Poems of Love": "Zhuge Wei is famous in the world, and only respects his appearance, but his ambition is just like a feather in the sky in the battle of the Three Kingdoms, and he is brothers with Yi and Lu. If he is not well-directed, he will lose Cao. Although I knew that the Han family was hopeless, I still risked my life and left. " The evaluation of Zhuge Liang is extremely high.
There are pines and cypresses towering into the sky: this is both realistic and a metaphor for Zhuge's immortality and loyalty with evergreen pines and cypresses; Use "majestic" to compare Zhuge's noble character.
Fighting is everywhere, clouds are like fire, and the weather is cold: why do you feel that "fighting is everywhere?" Because Liu Bei is a wise monarch and Zhuge is a good minister. Zhuge's life is Liang Ming's life. Although Du Fu was born at an inopportune time, he was gratified and heartbroken at the meeting of Zhuge Liang and his friendship.
"Cloudy days are like fire, and it's cool": In lush forests, it is cool even in midsummer. This is realism. On the other hand, in this special environment-under the shadow of the towering cypress trees in Wuhou Temple, it seems that I have been comforted by the God of Zhuge and feel comfortable physically and mentally.
tenth
Xuanpu and Penghu in Lang Feng, among which there is a high hall, which is nothing in the world: Lang Feng, Langfeng Hall; Xuanpu, Xuanzang Hall. They are all legendary places where immortals live, all at the top of Kunlun Mountain. Penglai Lake, Penglai, is said to be one of the Three Immortals Mountains in the East China Sea. Gaotang, also known as Gaotang and Gaotang View. Pu Qilong's Reading Interpretation quoted Fan Chengda's Wu: "The balcony and the view of Gaotang are on Laihefeng (Laihefeng is on Wenfeng Mountain in the west of fengjie county, like a crane spreading its wings), which is a poem praising the beauty of Kuizhou and thought it was the end of ten poems. The phrase' Gao Tang' is not aimed at historical sites, but specifically at the local celestial world, which means it is enough to resist the ear. Admiring Gao Tang is to admire Zhangzhou. " In Du Fu's poems, three capitals are written about "Gaotang", but "Gaotang" is actually in Yunmengze. The "Gao Tang" in Du Fu's poems is based on legends, so it is said that "the original intention is not in historical sites".
Excuse me, where is Kuizhou? Xiamen River has a corner: "Excuse me" is a hypothetical question; "Pressing" originally means holding down, and here it is interpreted as "sitting"; "City Corner", originally the meaning of tower, here refers to Kuizhou City. Where is Kuizhou City? It is located in the abdomen of the Yangtze River at the mouth of Qutang Gorge.
There are similarities in style, language and content between Kuizhou Poems and Kuizhou Folk Songs Zhuzhi Ci, but the last two sentences of each song are antithetical, which is the poet's absorption and innovation of folk songs, and is Zhi Zhu's characteristic singing method. The ten quatrains of Kuizhou songs have a great influence on later generations. After opening, he first wrote a group of poems describing the scenery and folk customs of a place with the theme of "Zhi Zhu Ci".