The collective name of the four books "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects" and "Mencius". The people of the Song Dynasty extracted the "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" from the "Book of Rites" and combined them with the "Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi wrote the "Collected Commentary on Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", from which the name "Four Books" was derived. Since then, the "Four Books" have always been the required reading for orthodox education in my country's feudal society and the primary textbook for imperial examinations.
The abbreviation of the five Confucian classics, "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn", was first called during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It contains rich historical data from ancient China and is a must-read textbook for education in the feudal era. It is used by the ruling class as a theoretical basis for propagating patriarchal feudal ideas.
The Six Classics are the six Confucian classics, that is, in addition to the "Five Classics", the "Yue Jing" is added. Some people also call the "Six Classics" the "Six Arts".
The Thirteen Classics are thirteen Confucian classics. Starting from the Han Dynasty, the "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" were called the "Five Classics". In the Tang Dynasty, the "Three Rites" ("Zhou Rites", "Rites", and "Book of Rites") and the "Three Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period" ("Gongyang Zhuan", "Gu Liang Zhuan", "Zuo Zhuan"), together with " "Yi", "Book" and "Poetry" are called "Nine Classics". When Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty carved stone scriptures, he included "The Classic of Filial Piety", "The Analects of Confucius" and "Erya" into the classics, which became the "Twelve Classics". In the Song Dynasty, "Mencius" was promoted to a classic, so it was called the "Thirteen Classics".
The Twenty-Four Histories, from "Historical Records" to "History of the Ming Dynasty", are called "official histories" and were compiled during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Among them, "Historical Records" is a general history, and the rest are chronological histories.
Historical Records is my country's first biographical general history, written by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. The book has one hundred and thirty chapters, including twelve annals (biographies of emperors), ten tables, eight books (recording economics, astronomy, calendars, rituals and music, etc.), thirty aristocratic families, and seventy biographies (of different types and classes). Biographies of characters), recording a history of about three thousand years from the time of Emperor Huang to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. This book breaks orthodox views and strives to give a fair evaluation of historical figures. It plays an extremely important role in the history of our country's history and literature. The biographical style created by the author has been followed by the official historians of all ages.
Zizhi Tongjian was written by Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty. The whole book has 294 volumes, recording the history from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the 6th year of Zhou Shizong's Xiande reign (959)*** One thousand three hundred and sixty-two years of history. Song Shenzong named it "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" because "in view of the past, he is qualified to govern Taoism". This book is a chronological general history that will have a profound impact on future generations.
The naming method of poetry collections. The ancient ways of naming poetry collections mainly include: (1) naming them after the author's name. (2) Named after the official title. (3) Named after a posthumous title. (4) Named after the study. (5) Named after the author's name and number. (6) Named after the official place or place of residence. (7) Named after the place of birth. (8) Named after the emperor’s reign.
There are three ways of writing history books: biographical style, chronological style, and chronicle style. (1) The biographical style is a history book style written with characters as the central clue. It was pioneered by Sima Qian. (2) The chronological style is a history book style that records historical facts in the order of year, month and day. (3) Chronicle style is a history book style written with historical events as the central clue. This genre only appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Bibliography studies the preparation, utilization and effective use of bibliographies in scientific and cultural undertakings. Some people have noticed the role of bibliography in ancient my country. During the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang and Liu Xin and their sons wrote books such as "Bielu" and "Qilue", and all subsequent dynasties have monographs.
The ancient Chinese books are divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji. The names and order of the four parts were finally determined in Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi.
Sikuquanshu is the largest series of books in ancient my country. It was compiled by more than 4,000 people including Ji Yun and Lu Xixiong. It was compiled and revised in the 37th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty. It took ten years to complete. The collection contains 3,503 books, 79,337 volumes, and about 997 million words. It is divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji, hence the name Siku. Each part is further classified and detailed. The content is extremely extensive and plays a certain role in organizing and preserving ancient documents.
Shuowen Jiezi, abbreviated as "Shuowen", is my country's first dictionary that systematically analyzes fonts and examines the original meanings of characters. It was written by Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty and contains 9,353 characters. , Chongwen (variant characters) one thousand one hundred and sixty-three. He pioneered the radical classification method and classified 10,516 characters into fifty-four categories. First explain the meaning of each character, then explain the physical structure according to the six books, and pay attention to the pronunciation.
The Kangxi Dictionary was compiled by Zhang Yushu, Chen Tingjing and others in the Qing Dynasty; it is the first time in the history of Chinese calligraphy that "dictionary" is officially used as the title. This is the largest calligraphy book in my country so far.
Erya is my country's earliest monograph on word interpretation and the first systematic dictionary in the world. Researchers believe that this book was compiled by scholars in the early Western Han Dynasty who compiled old texts from Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties.
Jingzhuanshici, a monograph on the study of ancient Chinese function words, was written by Wang Yinzhi in the Qing Dynasty. Mainly focusing on the classics and biographies, and also dealing with the history of Zizi, it collects 160 functional words in classical Chinese from ancient books of Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties, and explains them in detail.
The author Lu Shuxiang is a pioneer and founder of modern Chinese studies. The book selects the twenty-nine most common classical Chinese function words, provides examples, analyzes them in detail, and provides exercises.
The earliest chronological history book in my country is the Spring and Autumn Annals. The earliest traditional history book in my country is "Shi Ji". The earliest chronological history book in my country is the "Book of Han". The earliest systematic historical commentary in my country is "Shi Tong". The earliest dictionary in my country is "Erya". The earliest dictionary in my country is "Shuowen Jiezi". The earliest anthology of poetry in my country is the Book of Songs. The earliest long poem in my country is "Li Sao". The earliest novel in our country is "Sou Shen Ji". The earliest systematic novel review work in my country is "Wen Xin Diao Long". The earliest medical book in my country is "Huangdi Suwen". The earliest summary drug work in my country is "Compendium of Materia Medica". The earliest medicinal book in my country is "Shen Nong's Materia Medica". The earliest botany book in my country is "Southern Herbal Medicine". my country's earliest agricultural monograph is "Essentials for Elevating the People".