snow
Lu Xun
The rain that warms the country has never turned into a cold, hard and brilliant snowflake. Well-informed people think he is monotonous. Does he feel unhappy? The snow in Jiangnan is very beautiful. That's the news of youth that is still looming, and it's the skin of a very strong virgin. In the snowfield, there are blood-red camellias, single-petal plum blossoms with dark green in white and wintersweet with dark yellow chin; There are cool green weeds under the snow. Hu Die did not; I really can't remember whether bees come to collect honey from camellia and plum blossoms. But my eyes seem to see flowers blooming in the snow in winter, and many bees are busy flying. I can hear their buzzing sound.
Children's hands, red with cold, are like purple bud ginger, and seven or eight of them get together to make snow arhats. Because it was unsuccessful, whose father also came to help. Lohan is much taller than children, although it is only a bunch of small tops and big bottoms, and finally it is unclear whether it is a gourd or a Lohan; But it's white and bright, and it's glued together with its own water, and the whole ground shines. The children made his eyes with longan seeds and stole rouge from his mother's powder and put it on his lips. This time it's really a big arhat. He just sat in the snow with burning eyes and red lips.
The next day, several children came to see him and asked him. By the way, he clapped his hands, nodded and smiled. But he finally sat alone. Sunny days come to soothe his skin again, and cold nights make him opaque; The continuous sunny days made him wonder what it was, and the rouge on his mouth gradually faded.
However, after the northern snowflake flies, it will always be the same as powder and sand. They will never stick together and scatter on the house, the ground and the hay. That's it. The snow on the house has already been digested because the fire in the house is warm. In addition, on a sunny day, a whirlwind suddenly came. It flew vigorously, shining brightly in the sun, like a fog with flames, spinning and rising, permeating space; Let the space rotate, rise and twinkle.
In the boundless wilderness, under the cold sky, the shining soul of rain is spinning and rising. ...
Yes, it is lonely snow, dead rain and the soul of rain.
1925 1 month 18.
To annotate ...
1 Hu Die: The same butterfly.
2, gourd: the same gourd
3.zh fn Liánán: a box containing rouge and powder, which is the ancient name of cosmetic box. Pink: rouge and pink, both for cosmetic purposes. Lian: Box)
4. Big Arhat: It is a respectful name for Buddha, which refers to the image of Buddha.
5. North: (North).
6. Tianyu: (yǔ) This refers to the sky. Yu, up and down.
7. Spirit: (jρng hun) Spirit, soul.
Make an appreciative comment
Lu Xun was in Beijing at that time. In the face of "full of space" and "rising in rotation" in the northern snow day, the author put forward an intriguing question at the beginning: "The rain that warms the country has never turned into a cold, hard and brilliant snowflake. A knowledgeable person thinks he is monotonous. Does he think this is unfortunate? " Instead of writing about snow directly, the author wrote about the rain that warms China, aiming at explaining that snow is condensed by rain, and they are homogeneous sisters, which also lays the foundation for praising Shuofang's snow as "the spirit of rain" at the end of the article.
Then, Lu Xun painted a snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River, full of youthful vitality. Its artistic conception is beautiful and profound. "At sunrise, the river is redder than fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue." The spring scenery in Jiangnan is charming, and the snow scene in Jiangnan is equally lovely. The author makes a brief description here, pointing out both its "gorgeous" appearance and its "moist" texture. As for the snow fields in the south of the Yangtze River, the author is good at choosing things that best reflect the news of youth, thus presenting a vibrant and spring-like picture. Through this colorful painting, we not only saw the gorgeous winter flowers, but also seemed to smell the rich fragrance. What a wonderful paradise it is for butterflies who love flowers and bees who pick flowers! At this point, the author is in high spirits and spreads his wings of imagination, adding an extreme stroke to the original beautiful picture: although "butterflies do exist", because it is still winter, I can't remember whether bees will come or not, but I seem to see the sound of "many bees are busy flying" and "buzzing" in front of me. As a result, this snow scene in Jiangnan is vivid, moist and silent, and the scene is touching, more and more full of vitality and spring breath.
The snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River is so beautiful that it will inevitably add infinite fun to people's lives. The author writes here mainly from the perspective of children, making this kind of fun more lively and pure. The children "hold their hands red with cold, like ginger with purple buds", and are not afraid of the cold in winter, so they come together to shape the snow arhat. Is this a unique pleasure for children? No. It is also attractive to adults. I can't see "whose father came to help." This is indeed a wonderful pen: it extends the joy brought by snowy days to the hearts of adults. Thanks to the enthusiastic help of adults, a "much taller than a child" and "small on the top and big on the bottom" can't tell whether it is snow from fenugreek with a thin waist or Lohan with a big belly, and it will soon take shape. However, children's interests are limited and changeable. The beautiful scenery of Xueluohan is pitifully short: not only did it finally "sit alone", but it was quickly eroded in a strange way under the invasion of sunny and cold nights and the natural elimination of ice and snow. Although the author is in a harsh "winter", he has an ideal of "spring" in his heart. Writing about the beauty of the snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River and remembering my childhood in my hometown shows the author's yearning for beautiful things. On the other hand, the snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River is a symbol of spring and light, which embodies the author's yearning for a beautiful spring. There is also a description of the snow scene in the south of the Yangtze River, which expresses the author's "nostalgia for hometown scenery" or "nostalgia for hometown and childhood". All of the above, or inevitably lost generality, or not completely accurate.
Mr. Lu Xun, who was fighting in the winter in Shuofang at that time, paid close attention to the situation of the southern revolution and was fascinated. There is no doubt about it. However, because he was far away from the revolutionary center at that time, he didn't have much contact and understanding of the forces of the workers and peasants revolutionary movement; Considering the victory of the October Revolution with the strength of the people, it took three months after the snow to realize that the people had been oppressed to "follow the cattle and horses" and would form a brigade like bison to "fight against the strong enemy". Therefore, it is impossible for the author to see the bright future of the victory of the workers and peasants struggle on the basis of the rising flood of the workers and peasants revolution at this time. However, as Mr. Lu Xun said: "I look at things too carefully, and if I look carefully, I will have more doubts"; "I have a bad habit of refusing to believe in superficial things." Even after the success of the Northern Expedition and the resumption of the Shanghai-Nanjing War, he "still thinks about this matter, and his good intentions can't be recovered like a kite with a broken line", but he wants to say a word of "disappointing". Therefore, we believe that in Si Nuo, Mr. Lu Xun's longing for the southern revolution will never be very enthusiastic, nor will he say anything "shy", let alone praise it with beautiful words. Because the author knows that "revolution is painful, inevitably mixed with filth and blood, and it is by no means as interesting and perfect as the author imagined"; And "eulogizing" and celebrating "will turn the revolutionary spirit into a prick"? . From the unfortunate ending that Jiangnan Snow can't "fly vigorously" like Shuoxue because of its own "moist", "sticky" and "physical" characteristics, it is piled up, frozen, digested, teased, forgotten and left out in the cold, and finally sits alone. The author looks at Jiangnan Snow and finds that it is natural scouring. Although the snow in the south of the Yangtze River enthusiastically adorns the land of the south of the Yangtze River with faint news of youth, it has the fatal weakness of "moistening", "sticking" and "sticking things". Therefore, it is both cute and needs warm and serious criticism. Mr. Lu Xun combines realism, painting scenery, expressing ambition and feeling of expression in one furnace, creating a new beautiful and distant artistic conception of urchin playing with snow, and conveying a profound and realistic thought: people who don't fly on the broad horizon of social revolutionary struggle can only be played and abandoned by historical dialectics in the end.
Finally, the author wrote the characteristics and strange scenery of Shuoxue in affectionate and stern words. The author uses the word "but" to reverse it. First of all, he wrote about the unique texture and shape of Shuoxue, which is completely different from the snow in the south above: it will always be "like powder and sand" and "never touch". Without the warmth of the fire in the house, the snow will not melt anywhere. This is determined by the harsh winter climate in Shuofang and the characteristics of Shuoxue itself. In Shuofang, snowflakes are just scattered on the lifeless "house, ground and hay" in the cold. Because there are no gorgeous winter flowers, butterflies and bees that love flowers; Because severe cold, especially snow, can't "bond with its own moisture" like snow in the south of the Yangtze River, children's fun of playing with ocean snow is lost. However, Shuo Xue can create another spectacular beauty: "Under the clear sky, a whirlwind suddenly came. It flew vigorously, shining brightly in the sun, like a fog with flames, spinning and rising, filling the space, making the sky spin and rise, flickering." Only a master's degree can create a magnificent spectacle, which is a magnificent fighting figure depicted by the author with vigorous and infatuated brushstrokes. Only when the snow is "like powder and sand, it will never be touched" can it "fly vigorously" with the power of a huge whirlwind; Only when he eagerly pursues the light can he be "brilliantly illuminated" by the sunshine under the clear sky; Only when there is snow on the house, on the ground and on the hay, and each of them flies vigorously towards the same bright goal, can there be both the beautiful spectacle of "like fog and flame" and "rotating and rising" and the majestic atmosphere and strength of "infiltrating the space and making the space rotate and rise"! Here, the author is a true description of the scene where the universe is filled with the fog of silver flame and snow, and also a warm praise for the fighting spirit and style symbolized by Shuo Xue. The author's inner fighting passion and objective and magnificent snow scene have reached a high degree of artistic unity. This gives people a seamless, magnificent and powerful impression, and gives people a great inspiring force to pursue light and truth. Compared with Xue Hanluo's "I don't know what it is" and "Sitting Alone", the author's narration, praise and denial of people in Snow are not very clear.
At the end of the article, "dead rain" and "the spirit of rain" are used to praise the snow in Shuofang, which makes the theme of the poem sublimate to a philosophical realm, implicit and meaningful. In these two natural sections, the snow scene described above is expressed in the form of judgment. Here the author clearly points out that snow is the soul of rain. The relationship between snow and rain is like "spirit" to the body. If the spirit doesn't get rid of its heavy body, it can't travel freely in space. It's raining heavily. Only when we are completely liberated from the drag of tradition can we "fly vigorously." Shuoxue is said to be "dead rain" and "the spirit of rain", that is to say, it is a "warrior" freed from the heavy drag of old consciousness and human bondage. The "death" here is not the "extinction" in the negative sense, but the transformation and sublimation in the positive sense, just as the "Nichao" of the phoenix in the fire is a complete denial of the old self and then rebirth. Obviously, only Shuo can be called "Rain God"; And only when rain turns into snow is true happiness. The snow in the south of the Yangtze River "sticks" to each other and can only perish together. Of course, it is still unfortunate. The tragedy of Juansheng and Zijun in the novel "Regret for the Past" written shortly thereafter is precisely the description of this emotion conveyed in "Snow". The snow in the north is "solitary snow". It vaguely reveals a sense of desolation. The author calls it "the sadness of fighting alone." This is a typical emotion under specific historical conditions. Its twists and turns reflect the author's efforts but not yet on the road of productism, "looking for new troops and adding more saboteurs" but not yet fighting. Can't be confused with depression and love. Therefore, the tone of the whole poem is high-spirited and full of vitality.