In the summer of the second year of Gan Yuan (759), there was a drought in Huazhou and Guanzhong. Du Fu wrote Summer Sigh and Summer Night Sigh, lamenting the sufferings of China refugees. After beginning of autumn this year, Du Fu felt sad about the dirty politics, gave up his secretarial position in Huazhou to join the army, and went to Qin Zhou in the west (now Tianshui, Gansu).
Du Fu wrote more than 30 poems during his tenure in Huazhou. Du Fu finally arrived in Chengdu after several twists and turns. With the help of Yanwu and others, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the west of the city, which was called "Du Fu Cottage" or "Huanhuacao Hall" in history. Later, it was recommended by Yanwu as the festival capital, and the whole family lived in fengjie county, Sichuan.
In the spring of the second year of Guangde (764), he moved to Shu again, and Du Fu returned to the thatched cottage where he had been wandering for nearly two years. Yanwu recommended Du Fu as Yuanwailang of the school's Ministry of Industry and became Yanwu's staff officer. Later generations also called Du the Ministry of Industry. Soon Du Fu resigned again.
During these five or six years, Du Fu lived a hard life under the protection of others. He said, "If an old friend is rich, his books will be broken, and if he is hungry, his children will be miserable." ("Madman") "An idiot is angry and hungry when he doesn't know the father-son ceremony."
He used some details of his life to show the hardships of his life. He said that his children are not sensible, don't know how to respect their fathers, and don't know the courtesy of their masters. When they are hungry, whether they are fathers or not, they should follow the ceremony of father and son. When you are hungry, you clamor for food and cry at the east gate. In the autumn wind and rainstorm, Du Fu's hut was dilapidated, and his wife was hungry and couldn't sleep all night. He wrote "The Hut was Blown by Autumn Wind".
In April of the third year of Guangde (765), Yanwu died of illness and Du Fu left Chengdu. After passing through Jiazhou (Leshan), Rongzhou (Yibin), Yuzhou (Chongqing), Zhongzhou (Zhongxian) and Yunan (Yunyang), he arrived in Kuizhou (Fengjie) in the first year of Tang Daizong Dali (766). Thanks to the care of Bai Maolin, the magistrate of Kuizhou, Du Fu was able to stay here for the time being, take care of the 100 hectare public land in Dongtun, rent some public land by himself, buy a 40-acre orchard, hire several employees and take part in some labor with his family.
During this period, the poet's creation reached a climax. In less than two years, he wrote more than 430 poems, accounting for 30% of the existing works. During this period, his works include Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Shuxiang, Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Ascending the Mountain and many other famous works.
One of the most famous poems is: "An De Wan Lou, all the poor people in the world are happy." And the "leaves fall like waterfalls, and I think the long river always rolls forward" in "To the Top" is a swan song.
Extended data
Forty-five to forty-eight years old is the third period of Du Fu's life, and catching thieves is the official period. This is the most violent period of An Shi Rebellion. The country was in peril, the people suffered great disasters, and the poet also experienced difficulties and obstacles. The Anshi Rebellion was a national contradiction, and the war at that time was a self-defense war related to the survival of the country.
Therefore, Du Fu's attitude towards the war is different from before, not opposing, but actively appealing. He mourned the "40,000 rebels" who died for his country. He warned civil and military officials to "sweep the guns with all their strength." On the one hand, he vigorously exposed the darkness of military service and sympathized with the people; On the one hand, it still encourages people to participate in the war.
Because he went deep into people's lives and devoted himself to practical struggles, he wrote a series of well-known and patriotic poems, such as For Sorrow, Ai Jiangtou, Spring Hope, Qiang Village, Northern Expedition, Washing Soldiers and Horses, Three Officials and Three Farewells, which reached the peak of realism. Such as his poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower": "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I finally climb this building.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing. "In this poem, the poet stood on the Yueyang Tower, and through the distance, he thought of the war-torn social situation, so that he couldn't help crying at the window and communicating with his family.
Another example: the two sides of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army, the news of this distant West Railway Station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! . "In this poem, I am ecstatic about the news that the imperial court has recovered lost ground. These two poems were written by Du Fu when he was wandering.
Because of the Anshi Rebellion, the society was in chaos, so Du Fu always expected to quell the rebellion and restore social stability. Therefore, he wept at the thought that the country would suffer, the war would never die, and life would be ruined. When he heard that the loyalists had recovered Jibei, he burst into tears of joy and could not restrain himself.
It can be seen that Du Fu's worries come from the country, and his happiness also comes from the country. This is the sense of social responsibility and hardship that Confucian intellectuals have to take the world as their responsibility.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Du Fu