Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, lived and worked in peace and contentment. He was one of the few poets in the history of China who saw through the darkness and corruption of officialdom and finally resigned and returned to his hometown, leading a secluded life. Is regarded as the originator of pastoral poets and poets? A recluse poet? . His poems are simple, natural, true and simple, which are of great value and significance in the history of China literature. In particular, many natural images in Tao poetry (such as wind, birds, chrysanthemums, wine, pines and Nanshan) have unified and special symbolic significance, among which wine and chrysanthemums are the most famous.
? Wine can relieve sorrow, but chrysanthemums can age? Tao Yuanming loves to admire chrysanthemums and is addicted to alcohol. His intention is to have a rest in the complicated world, get rid of worldly distractions, find the true self, maintain himself and surpass himself. By repeatedly constructing the images of wine and chrysanthemum, the poet expressed his noble personality ideal and natural ideological pursuit. It can be said that wine and chrysanthemum are not only an important part of Tao Yuanming's poems, but also an important spiritual pillar in his real life.
1. Interpretation of Tao Yuanming's wine-loving plot
Tao Yuanming is the first poet in the history of China literature who wrote a large number of drinking poems. He made an important and close connection between wine and literati spirit, which had an important influence on later poets (such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi). Bai Juyi wrote in Sixteen Little Taoqianti:? Sir, I've been gone for a long time, and I have a legacy of paper and ink. Advise me to drink one cup after another, and there is nothing to say. I come from the boss and admire him very much. Others can't reach it, and the effect is drunk. ? The ancient literati in China were addicted to alcohol, which was inseparable from the influence of Tao Yuanming.
According to Mr. Kai's statistics, Tao Yuanming has 142 poems, of which 56 are about drinking, accounting for 40% of all works, and more than 40 of them are about 1. Tao Yuanming himself wrote in the biography of Mr. Wu Liu:? Sexual alcoholism, poor family, always can't get it, from the old knowledge, or buy wine to recruit; I got drunk after drinking it. Since I retired drunk, I have not hesitated to stay. ? The poet put the vast life after retirement into wine, and after drinking, he recited poetry, which was like wine, enjoying himself without asking for much understanding. ? But you hate living and drinking enough? The temperament of wine is also the temperament of Tao Yuanming, as the saying goes? Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem. ? Wine can make him give up his worries and distractions for a short time, dispel the contradictions that are difficult to resolve in life and pursue his ambitions in the world? With what? Sex akiyama? , into the supernatural state of my true self, completely integrated with nature.
Of course, analyzing his seclusion and drinking in the background of that time is, to some extent, his dissatisfaction and resistance to the dark rule at that time. This can be traced back to Tao Yuanming's unsuccessful officialdom experience in his early years. Before his father Tao Min died, he told Tao Yuanming to go to his friend Xie Xuan. However, when Tao Yuanming grew up (18 years old), Xie Xuan became depressed and died because of the suspicion and attack of Wang Sima Daozi and other autocratic royalty at that time. This sudden blow made the poet feel that his ambition to serve the country was nowhere to be put to use, and the revival of the Dow family became a bubble. So he began to drown his sorrows in wine. Since then, wine has become his close companion, and he never gets drunk. He wrote poems when he was drunk and gave gifts to relieve depression, which became his hobby all year round.
2. Interpret Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums
Chrysanthemum has been praised since ancient times? Four gentlemen in flowers? One of them, simple and arrogant, has lofty charm, so it often appears as an independent aesthetic image in the poet's pen and becomes the object of praise and praise by the poet. Among Tao Yuanming's poems, * * * wrote Chrysanthemum in Nine Days in Seclusion, two major works of He Guo, the fifth and seventh parts of Drinking, and the fifth part of Xi Ci. Among them, the most famous is? Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan? Sentence. Tao Yuanming planted chrysanthemums, picked chrysanthemums, ate chrysanthemums, admired chrysanthemums, sighed chrysanthemums and praised chrysanthemums for a living, creating a new realm of integration of things and me. ? The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists? ,? Fang Ju opened Lin Yao, Song Qing opened Yan Guan? With his own life experience and reclusive feelings, he truly realized the charm of chrysanthemum and the pride of human beings, and created the lofty realm of poetry, chrysanthemum and human beings. Although he was not the first person to introduce chrysanthemum into poetry as a verve image, he added a fresh sense of seclusion to chrysanthemum and had the virtue of high morals and integrity.
At the same time, Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums is also related to his late ex-wife. Dongyuan Chrysanthemum Garden was built after the death of Tao Yuanming's ex-wife Chen. Chen is reasonable, gentle and virtuous, and has great love for poets. After six years of marriage, I have four children (including twins). Due to the proximity of childbirth and overwork on weekdays, the body is overwhelmed. Finally, in the late autumn of a famine year, the fragrance disappeared. Chen's early death dealt a great blow to Tao Yuanming, who lost his wife in middle age. With tears in his eyes, he wrote a poem "Leisure Fu" in memory of his dead wife. After that, he wandered aimlessly in the East Garden with heavy steps. At this time, it was already late autumn, and a westerly wind blew, and the chill hit people. Suddenly, he found a blooming chrysanthemum beside the pine tree and at the foot of the west yard, and butterflies hovered in the branches, which set each other off. This reminds him of last night's dream. Last night, he dreamed that his ex-wife came to meet him in a dream and said to her, I am the chrysanthemum fairy in the imperial garden in heaven. Now that we are in love, we are back in heaven. Now is the gap between heaven and earth. I hope my husband will take care of himself so that I can die without regret. . After waking up, the poet's heart is empty. Now that he has seen the chrysanthemums in the East Garden, he decided to build a flower bed here to cultivate chrysanthemums, so that his dead wife can stay with him forever. Therefore, Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums also reflects that Tao Yuanming is a temperamental person.
3. Summarize the spiritual significance of Jiuju to Tao Yuanming.
To sum up, in such a special historical era as Wei and Jin Dynasties, faced with the decline of Confucianism, the prosperity of Taoism and metaphysics, and the monopoly of aristocratic children on senior officials, Tao Yuanming, as a declining scholar in cloth, was doomed to fail to realize his political ideals. After years of ups and downs in his career, his ideological pursuit has undergone a qualitative change, and he finally chose? Back to the garden? His natural ideal, accompanied him to realize this spiritual pursuit, is wine and chrysanthemum. ? Tao Ran waved his hand and enjoyed himself. Qing Qin cross bed, half a pot of turbid wine? ,? Autumn chrysanthemum is lewd, which makes it more beautiful. . Mr. Zhu Guangqian, an aesthete, spoke highly of Tao's poems. Qu Yuan is more depressed than him, Du Fu is broader and more changeable than him, but neither of them is as pure as him, nor does he practice. Yuanming is all natural and flawless. When it comes to the perfection of art, people forget that it is art? Tao's poetry can reach such a state, which is directly or indirectly related to his background of the times and his life experience, as well as his indifference to fame and wealth and love for nature. But the influence of wine and chrysanthemum is absolutely indispensable. Wine and chrysanthemum are the endorsements of Tao Yuanming's character and life. Tao Yuanming's life is enriched by wine and chrysanthemums, and he is naturally detached.