First, the common classification of thoughts and feelings in ancient poetry.
(classified memory method)
1.
2. Make contributions to the country
3. Nostalgia and nostalgia
4. Farewell, Pavilion
5. Miscellaneous feelings of life
Second, the artistic conception analysis method
Artistic conception: the poet's strong thoughts and feelings are combined with vivid objective things to create an artistic realm with both form and spirit.
Answer steps:
① Grasp the image and describe the picture.
② Summarize the characteristics of artistic conception.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings.
Example 1. Read the poem of the following song and then answer this question.
East _ _ _ Ximei Yao Chen
When I went to see the water in Dongxi, it was very late to take a boat on Gu Lin Island.
Wild birds have leisure when sleeping on the shore, but old trees have flowers without ugly branches.
Short plums are like scissors, and plain sand is cleaner than sieve.
Although I am not tired of living, I will return at dusk.
Since the Tang Dynasty, the ancients advocated "learning from nature and learning from nature", that is to say, poets should not only learn from nature and capture images from natural scenery, but also arouse their thoughts and emotions. Please point out the poem that best embodies this idea, and tell us how it embodies the author's ideological interest and how it embodies it.
A:
The poem that best embodies this idea (1) is: a savage sleeps on the shore, having a leisurely time, and an old tree is in bloom, with no ugly branches.
(2) Reflected ideological interest: leisure and interest in nature and praise for beautiful natural scenery.
(3) How to reflect it: _ It can be analyzed by combining scenery ("wild birds sleeping on the shore" and "old trees with flowers") and feelings ("leisure" and "no ugly branches").
Example 2. Read the following words and then answer the questions.
Debai
Yan. Qin E dreams of breaking Qin Louyue and Qin Louyue. Willow leaves every year, Baling mourns farewell. Happy Mid-Autumn Festival in Leyuan Scenic Area. Xianyang ancient road is quiet and dusty. The west wind still shines, and the Han tomb is desolate.
Q: (1) Some people say that this word is weak according to the West Wind and the Remnant Light, while others say that this word is tragic according to the Han Tomb. What do you think its style is and why?
(2) How does this word express the author's thoughts and feelings?
A: (1) It is a decline. The willow color every year, the moonlight every night, and the farewell of Fuling always weave dreams; Standing in the west wind and soaking in the sunset in Sichuan, the sound dust is dead and the heart is dead. Qin E felt sad and painful.
(2) It's tragic. Those autumns came into my eyes, and the west wind still shone, and the mausoleum of the Han family was unique and stood tall. At this moment, Qin E's former love suddenly sublimated into the heart of our country for generations. Lovers don't return, the head of the Han tomb. From home to country, it is extremely tragic.
This word expresses the feelings of cherishing people and thinking far, and also embodies the philosophy of life and the sense of mission.
Third, the background analysis method
Background: The poet's writing background and life experience.
Background display mode:
1, dominant-comment display, stem display.
2, recessive-knowing people and discussing the world.
Example 3.
Climbing Yueyang Tower in the rain to see Junshan Huang Tingjian.
Throw away the dead sideburns and give birth to a winding pond.
Before laughing in the south of the Yangtze River, Yueyang Tower faces Junshan.
Note: In the first year of Song Chongning, Huang Tingjian was relegated to Sichuan for nearly six years.
Many years later, I was pardoned and died on my way back to my hometown in Jiangxi.
Yueyang later wrote this poem.
Tell me what a smile is and how a poet feels.
A: After experiencing the ordeal of "abandoning the wasteland and dying", the poet was glad to finally "live" in Sichuan and return to his hometown safely. However, looking back on his life and looking forward to the road ahead, he could not help but learn from his mistakes and feel dejected, so it was a smile of mixed sadness and joy.
From Yueyang Tower to Junshan, we can see that the poet still sticks to his political ideals and ethics in the face of political persecution and hardships in life, so it can also be said that this is a brave and fearless smile.
After the ordeal of "going to the wild and dying", the poet's emotions have been sublimated, his soul has been purified, his life has been simplified, and everything is as kind and open-minded as the scenery in front of him, so this is also an open-minded smile;
Example 4. Read the following two Tang poems and complete the appreciation according to the prompts.
Seven Poems of Joining the Army (I)
Wang Changling
Hundreds of feet west of bonfire city,
Sitting alone in the evening sea breeze and autumn.
Playing Qiangdi and Guan Shanyue,
There's no such thing as (1) Wan Li's worry of a rich lady.
Moraine ② plays a role in the middle.
Cen Can
I want to go to heaven,
Say goodbye to your family and watch the moon come back twice.
I don't know where to stay tonight,
Pingsha is vast and uninhabited.
Nothing: Helpless. ② moraine (qi): desert.
(1) These two poems belong to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the poetic style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Frontier fortress
Heroic, unrestrained, magnificent
(2) The last sentence of the two poems has different feelings. A poem "Wan Li has no gold hairpin to worry about" describes Wan Li's sorrow for his wife in the boudoir on the surface, but actually shows people's yearning for their loved ones and homesickness.
On the surface, poem B depicts a hazy scene of a desolate desert. The scenery is bleak, but the feelings are not deep. The hardships of the military career and the desolation of the frontier can better reflect the poet's lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of joining the military frontier.
Exercise 1. Read Xu Hun's Farewell to Xie Ting and complete the test.
Brother misinterprets the boat, and all the red leaves and green hills are rushing.
At dusk, people are far from waking up, and the sky is full of snowflakes.
[Note] Brother, the pronoun of farewell song.
Answer: Very harmonious. This is a happy scene against sadness, and the beautiful scenery with green hills and red leaves against parting.
(2) Some people think that the tone of the second sentence "Red leaves and green hills" is not in harmony with the emotional tone of the whole poem. What do you think of this problem?
Q (1) What emotions does the author express in his poems?
I feel sad and lonely when I say goodbye.
Exercise 2, read the following two poems in the same body and answer the questions.
Taicheng
Liu Yuxi
Six generations of Taicheng competed for luxury,
It is the most extravagant thing to have an affair in spring.
Thousands of families have become weeds,
There is only one flower in the backyard.
[Note] Wei Zhuang was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Taicheng: the core of the ancient capital Jinling, where the emperor lived in politics.
Taicheng
Wei Zhuang
Rain, rain,
The Six Dynasties dreamed that birds were singing in the air.
Ruthlessness is the willow of Taicheng,
The smoke cage is ten miles away.
Q: The predecessors thought that these two poems with the theme of "Taicheng" had many similarities. However, there are also differences in thoughts, feelings and expressions. Please analyze it briefly.
A: In terms of ideological content, Liu Shi's main purpose is to reveal that the rulers' flashy luxury was the reason for the demise of the Six Dynasties, suggesting that if the rulers in the middle Tang Dynasty indulged in pleasure, the consequences would be unimaginable; Wei expressed his helplessness to the sunset in the late Tang Dynasty through the ruthless passage of the Six Dynasties.
In the aspect of expression: Liu Shi exposed the luxury and corruption of the rulers of the Six Dynasties from the front with allusions, and actually wrote the dilapidated scene of Taicheng; Wei wrote the sense of historical emptiness given by the ruins of Taicheng with "birds singing in the air" and expressed the feeling that things are different with the "ruthlessness" of Taicheng Willow.
Exercise 3, read the following two poems and answer the questions. Cui Hao Yellow Crane Tower.
A long time ago, the place where the Yellow Crane carried the saints to heaven is now only the Yellow Crane Tower.
Yellow cranes no longer come, and white clouds no longer fly.
Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Parrot Island is a nest of herbs.
There is a sad mist on the river waves, but I look home and the dusk is getting thicker.
On Li Bai's Landing on Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing
Phoenix, which used to play here, named this place after them, but now it has given up and came to this desolate river.
The path of the Wu Palace is crooked, and the golden clothes are old and dusty.
Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet.
A cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart.
(1) What is the most similar connection between the two poems?
(2) Both poems have the word "make people sad". What's the difference between their emotions?
(3) Who do you think is the winner of these two poems? Give more than two reasons.
A tree in Hanyang is clear, and a nest of herbs in Nautilus Island.
"Three mountains and a half fall out of the sky, and Egret Island is full of water."
Cui Shi touched the scene and expressed his love for the countryside; Shi Li expressed the feeling that the traitor was in power and his ambition was difficult to realize.
It is meaningful to play independently from both theme and language.
Exercise 4, read the following words and answer the following questions.
Liu Yong, an iris
Standing in a dangerous building, the wind is thin and I look forward to spring sorrow. The sky is dark and gloomy. No one can rely on silence in the afterglow of grass.
I plan to get drunk and treat wine as a song, which is strong and tasteless. The wider the clothes are, the more regretful they are, which makes people haggard for Iraq.
(1) "No one can speak without words". The poet didn't explain what the content of "Spring Sorrow" was, but complained that others didn't understand his mood. What kind of inner world does he want to express by being so evasive?
A: First, it shows that there are no close people around him, and he is very lonely; Second, it shows that he is too infatuated, but he can't be understood.
(2) Wang Guowei evaluated this word as "the unique love word" and "rare in ancient and modern words" in the abridged draft of human ci. How do you understand its "exclusive love words"?
The poet's so-called "spring sorrow" is nothing more than the word "acacia". But he refused to tell the truth and wanted readers to guess. It was not until the last sentence that he pointed out that it was "her".