Looking at the development history of campus literature, analyzing and studying campus literature works and their development background, especially the rapid development of campus literature in the new period since the 1980s, we can see that campus literature is closely related to literary societies. This is a major feature of the emergence and development of campus literature. But here we mainly study its characteristics from the work itself.
Campus literature is linked with education and literature, which determines its important position in contemporary linguistics. What are its characteristics?
First of all, campus literature has stronger and richer aesthetic education function than general social literature. For the healthy growth of the next generation, campus literature, as the spiritual food for young students, has more pure and nutritious requirements. This educational function is determined by the unique environment of the campus.
There has been a heated debate in literary and art circles about the educational function of literary works. Today, many people are still opposed to emphasizing the educational function of literary works. Literature is literature and art, but literature is human studies. With artistic charm and beautiful appeal, literary works infect readers with artistic images of truth, goodness and beauty through entertainment and aesthetics, and finally achieve the goal of educating people. Only such a way of educating people is artistic. If a person reads works with low style, especially works with "low taste", it will play a negative educational role. And our campus literature is to resolutely resist those creative mentality with bad tendencies. The nobler the writer's thoughts, the purer his feelings and the broader his realm. With the evaluation of life, he can have a correct, profound and advanced life orientation, and the educational role of his works will be more significant. Of course, the educational function of literary works is by no means blunt preaching. Since campus literature is literature, it should give full play to the artistic effect of literary works. In any case, literature characterized by aesthetics, as a spiritual phenomenon of human beings, aims at perfecting people, purifying people's hearts, enriching people's spiritual world, making people's personality more sound and intelligent, and getting the highest spiritual enjoyment in approaching the true meaning of life and the universe. This is an effect of sublimation of personality and quality. This is also the need to promote quality education.
The educational nature of campus literature is not only reflected in the works of adult writers. When students accept and appreciate the works of great writers, they also begin to create themselves. The charm of literature enables them to promote maturity in their pursuit and to know the society prematurely or deeply. As a student, the task of growing up is to know things, experience the world, and pursue beauty from absorbing knowledge and feeling people. For them, it is also an "education" process to fully develop the ability of fantasy, imagination and perception of the world. In creation, "self-improvement" sublimates the soul, thus achieving a unique educational purpose. A large number of students' works have formed the mainstream of campus literature, which has flocked to the society and readers from schools and become a great force in the construction of spiritual civilization.
The educational function of campus literature has aroused widespread concern in the society, especially in the educational and literary circles. There is a debate about how to achieve better educational effect, and the requirements for its creation are different from those of general social literature. They disapprove of describing crimes, family conflicts, etc. There is too much literature on campus, which opposes vulgar love descriptions, exciting descriptions of terrorist murders, works that suppress world-weariness and complain, and so on. In short, they all demand campus literature creation from the perspective of education, otherwise, campus literature will lose its meaning. According to the characteristics of students, campus literature should focus on establishing lofty ideals, cultivating patriotism, courage to take responsibility, honesty and integrity, and pursue truth, goodness and beauty as the main theme.
The unique educational function of campus literature is its own characteristics, and it is also one of the important factors to meet the needs of families, schools, society and teenagers.
Another characteristic of campus literature is the immaturity of thought and form, which is the unity of novelty and creativity. This refers to the works of college and middle school students. This feature is reflected by the psychological characteristics of teenagers' age.
Teenagers are in the growth stage, and their understanding of things often lacks the necessary literary literacy, creative experience and writing skills, so they are so mature, often with traces of imitation and chisel. However, these shortcomings are showing the characteristics of campus literature. They are not bound by "skills" and do not follow the rules. They are determined by their true feelings. Literary works focus on innovation. Young people's thoughts are the most active, authentic, pure, unpretentious and conservative, the most sensitive imagination and passion, and the internal driving force of innovation. When they were creating, although their thinking was not so comprehensive and rigorous, they wrote what they already knew, and they poured out their hearts without scruple and enjoyed themselves. The growing branches and leaves are new, tender and lovely, and the growing level of thinking and writing often reveals novelty and creative beauty. We have read many works of our peers, and we feel energetic and youthful breath, such as new year buds, full of open power. This is the campus spirit.
Fantasy, novelty, adventurous spirit and strong interest are another feature of campus literature. This feature is mainly manifested in poems, novels, fairy tales, scientific literature and art, campus drama sketches and other genres of works. We can get confirmation from Zhang Zhilu's novel The Third Army. Growing children are restless. Childhood is often accompanied by myths and fairy tales. They get wisdom from these works, absorb nutrition, insert wings, and then create their own literary works. Especially when I was a teenager, I was imaginative, adventurous and full of longing for space flight. A creative image is unprecedented in real life. What appears in literary works are extraordinary and novel things, such as the Monkey King, Mermaid and other literary images. This creative imagination is fantasy. Because of fantasy, teenagers paint a beautiful and brand-new picture of life, transcend reality with heart and enter a brand-new and free future realm.
It is precisely because of these characteristics that so many teenagers create campus literature in the "fantasy" kingdom.
Another feature of campus literature is that it is full of enthusiasm and passion for life, full of the flavor of the times and shows a strong sense of social responsibility. An educator abroad once said that if you really want to hear the pulse of the times, you should be close to the chest of middle school students. Teenagers are full of vigor, ideals, enthusiasm, courage to pursue and strive for progress. Youth is a beautiful flower season, the red moon in the green watermelon, everything is beautiful. There is no room for ugliness and lies in the world of youth. With the reform and opening up and the economic trend, all kinds of thoughts came at them and poured into the campus. Justice and evil, civilization and corruption. Love and hate are gradually distinguished with growth. They are disgusted with some bad phenomena in society, and they are confused and helpless at the same time. As a result, they have a strong sense of social responsibility in their works, which makes campus literature face the society and enhances the thickness and breadth of their works.
In addition, the language of campus literature works is fresh, clear, pure and standardized, which is also a major feature compared with some works in society. That's too much to say.
To sum up, it is precisely because campus literature is created with students as the theme that the above characteristics have made "campus literature" stand on the literary world and be unique. Campus literature is the cradle of writers, contemporary literature and the new force of China literature in the new century. With the development of campus literature, its characteristics will be more mature, forming an "independent" campus style as a whole.
Campus Literature and Quality Education
1996 On the eve of the Spring Festival, I visited Mr. Han, a famous campus literature writer and educator, with two teachers from the Campus Literature Research Center. Han Lao first talked about the aging age structure faced by the literary creation team in China, and the serious shortage of young writers and reserve forces. He said that among the 5,000 members of the Chinese Writers Association, there are only 400 members under the age of 40, accounting for only 8% of the total, and even fewer members under the age of 30. What is worrying is not only the literature itself, but also the spirit, emotion, imagination, creation and life of our whole nation. From this, campus literature has a long way to go. Of course, campus literature is not only to cultivate great writers, but also to improve students' various practical and effective educational methods that can improve their quality. Han Lao also said that practice has proved that campus literature activities are a good form of education and teaching, focusing on cultivating sentiment, developing students' thinking and cultivating students' creative ability. He also called for: Martial arts, romance and adventure are quite rampant in society, which is very unfavorable for educating the new generation. Literary and artistic work and educational work should be closely coordinated. Campus literature should be a very important part of literature and a new force. Campus is a fertile ground for literature, which requires the joint efforts of teachers and writers.
These words illustrate the significance of campus literature to the implementation of quality education.
From the imperial examination system, which was born more than 300 years ago, to the college entrance examination today, it has become the main mode of training and selecting talents in China-closed-book examination. An exam determines the fate of many students. The baton of college entrance examination misleads the direction of education. What is taught in the examination room depends on the school. In the process of examination, subjects that are not tested are sidelined, and a set of relatively simple perfusion methods, such as rote memorization, overtime work and sea-asking tactics, are adopted, which makes students overwhelmed, damages their physical and mental health, makes education enter a utilitarian "test-taking" dead end, and sacrifices their personal expertise and physical and mental development in order to get high marks in the examination room. Faced with the present situation that exam-oriented education dominates the whole country in China, many people of insight frequently show yellow cards, from education experts to ordinary teachers, boldly practice and explore, put forward some problems in education reform, gained valuable experience, and promoted the development and implementation of quality education.
Quality education is essentially an education aimed at improving the quality of the whole nation. Quality-oriented education is an education aimed at achieving the goals stipulated in the educational policy, focusing on the long-term development of the educated group and society, facing all students, improving the basic quality in an all-round way, focusing on developing the potential of the educated and promoting the lively development of the educated in all aspects. In other words, quality education should be oriented to all students, not a few students; To promote students' all-round development, we can't just cope with exams; It is necessary to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability and self-development, rather than simply coping with exams; It is necessary to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability and self-development ability, rather than let students passively and mechanically accept knowledge. Quality-oriented education focuses on students' physical and mental characteristics, and uses methods that conform to the laws of education and physical and mental development to educate and guide students, comprehensively improve students' ideological and moral quality, scientific culture and physical, psychological and labor skills, develop students' specialties, and cultivate students' ability to adapt to the times. Therefore, quality education attaches importance to the construction of campus culture.
As a wing of campus culture, campus literature is naturally valued by quality education. The foundation of campus culture comes from the education of Chinese class, so as students, we should attach importance to the study of Chinese class. Learning is not death, but flexibility. From the perspective of quality education, the education of Chinese is more important than other courses, because Chinese is integrated and forms a network, which is a synthesis of natural science and social science. Therefore, we should establish the concept of big language.
The late Zhang Xiaochun, a special-grade teacher, and Zhang Guosheng, a student Chinese teacher, jointly established the thinking mode of "Great Chinese Education", which is a breakthrough in quality education and also conducive to the development of campus literature. "Great Chinese Education" advocates that Chinese teaching should take classroom teaching as the axis, develop and extend to all fields of students' life, organically combine with students' school life and social life in all directions, organically combine with teaching Chinese and being a man, organically combine with teaching Chinese knowledge, developing Chinese ability, developing intellectual education and non-intellectual education, and let students get comprehensive, holistic and powerful training.
Combining Chinese teaching with social life and language practice is the essence of "Great Chinese Education".
Why? Gu, a special-grade teacher, said: "As a tool of China society, Chinese education should be close to life, which is determined by the nature and characteristics of Chinese tools. The' narrow cage' and China education are unacceptable. "
First, Chinese, like literature, is a social phenomenon closely related to social life. It is produced and developed in social life, studied and used in social life, and serves social life. This feature determines that "the extension of Chinese learning is equal to the extension of life". Once people are divorced from social life, their thoughts will dry up, and China people will lose the soil for survival. If students are locked in the classroom, isolated from the colorful social life and only receive boring training, wouldn't it be planting trees in flowerpots and raising seedlings in greenhouses? As Liu, a Chinese expert and poet, said, "Chinese has a natural connection with life ... Chinese becomes an empty shell without life and has no actual content." The relationship between Chinese and life determines that there are many channels to learn Chinese in social life. Because Chinese is a tool for people to socialize, all kinds of communication activities in daily life are good opportunities to learn Chinese. In recent years, with the rapid development of radio and television and computer science and technology, a new field of Chinese learning has emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Students have the opportunity to learn Chinese anytime, anywhere: walking in the street; " Billboards on the roadside; Shopping, with instructions. You can learn Chinese anywhere. "
Secondly, the formation of human language ability is a big systematic project, including morality, knowledge, talent, learning and many other aspects. Among them, "virtue" includes ideological, moral, emotional and cognitive abilities. "Knowledge" refers to the knowledge and accumulation of life. The richer the knowledge, the thicker the accumulation and the stronger the language ability. "Talent", that is, today's intelligence and talent, including innate qualifications and acquired training, always means that the better the intelligence, the more talented the person, the stronger the language ability; Learning is the accumulation of knowledge, not only in Chinese, but also in other aspects, and the more knowledge, the stronger the Chinese ability. These aspects, besides "learning" mainly depends on Chinese, can not be formed only by Chinese classroom, but must rely on the joint efforts of various subjects, social life and language practice.
Looking at the history of Chinese and foreign literature and biographies of literati, we can find that people who have made great achievements in language and literature often rely not only on school training, but also on his unusual life experience, that is, rich social life and language practice. Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records", "Reading thousands of books and Walking Wan Li Road"; The reason why Li Bai became a "poetic immortal" is inseparable from his tour of mountains and rivers; Du Fu's "the country is unfortunate, the poet is lucky, and he has lived to the vicissitudes of life", which greatly enriched his poems. Ostrovsky wrote about how steel was tempered by his tortuous life. Cao Xueqin, Gorky and so on, all rely on social life and social practice.
To sum up, "big language education" and campus literature are essentially the same meaning, campus literature and campus literature are essentially the same meaning, and campus literature is "big language", which embodies the purpose of quality education. It will be more perfect to combine the two and make campus literary and artistic activities a higher part of "big language education".
Li Lanqing once pointed out: "To fully implement the education policy and cultivate outstanding architectural talents with all-round development in 2 1 century, we must attach importance to and strengthen the aesthetic education and art education in schools, and regard art education as one of the important ways for the transition from exam-oriented education to quality education". And campus literature just meets the requirements of quality education. And the campus literature society; ; Group form is a major feature of campus literature and a garden of direct practice.
Campus literature should be combined with art and music. And make use of their own specialties, so that the educated can improve their literary and artistic literacy on the basis of their language ability, actively participate in social life practice, develop their body and mind through literary activities and creations, tap their potential, enlighten people's wisdom, give play to their creativity, and improve their social adaptability in discovering, analyzing, proposing and solving problems. In short, through the interest and temptation of literature, we can guide, excavate and cultivate the comprehensive ability of the educated to survive, struggle, develop and create in the future society, and at the same time make the educated have a sense of responsibility under the influence of literature and become people with both ability and political integrity. Einstein once said: "Because a society composed of individuals without personal originality and personal will will will be an unfortunate society with no possibility of development. On the contrary, the goal of the school should be to cultivate people with independent actions and independent thinking. " Campus literature belongs to personality education and personality cultivation. Personal interests and specialties are great quality wealth. Only through quality education that pays attention to the development of personality and specialty can we cultivate high-level talents. It is reported that the latest findings of American scientists show that letting children learn art classes will help improve their intelligence and improve their reading, writing, imagination and calculation abilities. And literature and art naturally become an important content. A person's pursuit of literature and art from an early age will definitely make him superior in intelligence. Wen Yiduo, who was in charge of 1930 enrollment of Chinese Department of Qingdao University, resolutely accepted the admission of Cang Kejia, but he didn't give up what he gave up because of Cang Kejia's poor math exam. He was admitted only because he wrote a "three-character mixed feeling", which was brilliant. If we want to look at the admission criteria of the total score according to the "test-taking", Mr. Zang's name will only fall, and a generation of poets may die. Of course, "Wen Yiduo" also exists now. According to incomplete statistics, from 1986 to 1996, there are more than 100 outstanding middle school students' writers and poets trained from campus literature, which were specially recruited by the Chinese Department of the university, but most of them were rejected by poetry and prose.
19 12, when Mr. Cai Yuanpei, a modern educator, became the education chief of the provisional government of the Republic of China, he published the Opinion on Education Policy, which established aesthetic education as one of the education policies for the first time: "Literature education is both intellectual education and aesthetic education. While spreading knowledge, it also undertakes the function of shaping new, comprehensive and healthy human nature through aesthetic education. " However, in today's society, as the basic stage of "literature education", Chinese classes in primary and secondary schools have become an increasingly heavy burden for children. At present, China's quality education has been fully implemented, which provides a beautiful environment for the development of campus literature in China. May campus literature blossom more brilliant flowers and bear more fruitful fruits in the hard work of "gardeners" and students.