A Brief Introduction to the Image of Tao Yuanming in A Dream of Red Mansions

In the first year of Jin 'an (405), Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to the field, and wrote "Returning to the Ci". This lyric poem is not only a sign of the turning point of Yuan Ming's life, but also the peak of his recluse consciousness in the history of China literature. In Yuan and Ming Dynasties, he offered wine to the country in the 18th year of Taiyuan (393), and served as the ambassador of Peng in the first year. During these thirteen years, he became an official several times and retired several times. Yuan Ming had political ambitions, but the political society at that time was extremely dark. In the second year of Emperor Yuan Xing of Jin 'an (403), Huan Xuan, a warlord, usurped Jin and called himself Emperor Chu. In the third year of Yuanxing, another warlord, Emperor Wu of Song, set out to beg for Huan and entered Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the first year of Yixi, Emperor Wu of Song completely manipulated the military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At this time, it was only fifteen years since Huan Xuan usurped Jin. Along with these usurpations, there are countless massacres of dissidents and unjust wars. Yuan loves a free tomorrow, but at that time, the official atmosphere was extremely corrupt, flattering his superiors, arrogant and arrogant, running amok and sweeping the floor. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realize his ideals and ambitions. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Yuanming finally realized this completely. The fundamental opposition between Yuan Ming's character and political society doomed his ultimate choice-seclusion. Orderliness before resignation is an excellent essay. From "I come from a poor family" to "I seek for it because of my poor family", I briefly describe my tortuous experience of being an official because of my poor family. Among them, "relatives and friends advised Yu to be an official, but he was pregnant" and "Peng Ze went home for a hundred miles, and the benefits of the commons were enough, so he asked for it", which wrote the joy and yearning he had when he was an official in the past, showing the simplicity of the poet's nature. From the second half of Jishaori to Ye Si in November, I wrote down the reasons why I decided to abandon my official position and return to the field. "Nature is natural, but the income is not excessive", which is the fundamental reason for abandoning officials. After several official careers, the poet knows that "self-service" is to lose himself and "be deeply ashamed of his lifelong ambition". Therefore, "hunger and freezing are all cut", and we are never willing to "fight against ourselves and get sick". Although the language is gentle, the will is as firm as a rock and there is no turning back. As for the "self-termination" because of the loss of my sister, it is only a superficial reason. The preface is a reflection on the road of the first half of life. Ci is the imagination and yearning for a new life when he left the officialdom at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. "Come back, the countryside will be destroyed by Hu Bugui!" The first two sentences are like giving yourself a blow, which shows the great enlightenment of life. In the poet's deep consciousness, pastoral is the root of human life and a symbol of free life. The destruction of the countryside means losing roots and freedom. Going back and forth is the call of the countryside. It is also the call of the poet's nature. "Since the heart is the form of service, I am sad." In other words, I have let my heart be driven by my body. Since I asked for it, why should I be disappointed and sad alone? Let bygones be bygones. The poet's attitude towards life is firm. "Don't remonstrate with the past, those who know it will pursue it. It's not far from being lost. I don't think today is yesterday. "The past is irreversible, but the future can be grasped. It's not too late to retire. This "enlightenment", "knowledge" and "awareness" shows that the poet has grasped himself and gained a new life. " The ship is far away, and the wind blows clothes. Ask the recruiter the way forward, hate dawn. "These four sentences are filled with joy when the poet imagined going home by land and water. The lightness of the boat and the wind blowing on the skirt show the looseness of abandoning the official. When the morning comes, I hate not seeing the road, and then I see anxious to return's home. This is going out of the cage to freedom. Even the land line asks pedestrians, and that little thing is really gratifying. " Is deep in constant, carrying porch carrying rush. Servants are welcome and children are waiting for the door. "A 4 1 year-old poet cheered at the sight of his home, still so naive. The servant greeted him with joy, because the poet regarded him as "the son of man" and "it was good to meet him" (Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming). The children greeted them at the door, because their father was with them from now on. From this grand welcome arrangement, we can see the image of the poet's wife. " His wife, Zhai, can also be diligent and work hard with his comrades "(ibid.). Behind the cheering children is her quiet and happy smile. "Three path barren, pine chrysanthemum still exists. Take the children into the room, there are wine bottles. "When the poet saw that the road he took in seclusion was often desolate, he suddenly felt remorse for straying into his official career. To the poet's relief, his nature still exists. Bring the young man into the room and see his wife taking care of the young man and his ability and virtue. There is also a bottle of wine, which is clearly a warmth from his wife. What a warm family, this is the guarantee of seclusion. "The pot to action, the court can be happy. Leaning against the south window is proud, and the knees are comfortable. "Drink, humble, easy to Ann, write a poet's contentment. Squinting at the pavilion guests and leaning proudly against the south window is loneliness and the pride of the poet. " Garden day is very interesting, although the door is fixed and often closed. Help the old man to rest, and correct his head if he goes far. "The poet's soul and life have been isolated from the secular world and open to nature. It is interesting to walk in the garden every day. Walking or resting on crutches always looks up to the distance, and only the vast nature can accommodate the poet's pride. " Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds are tired of flying. The scenery is coming, lonely and lingering. "The description of these four sentences is obviously profound. In Song Dynasty, Ye Mengde commented on two sentences in Summer Tales: "This is the origin of Tao Yuanming. There is such a situation in my chest, so I can't say that. The "cloud" has no intention to go out, while the bird "flies wearily" and "knows to go home", which really metaphor the poet's mental journey from being an official to retiring. Tao Qingshu commented on the following two sentences in the Collected Works of Mr. Jingjie: "Min Jinzuo will come to the end, knowing that he can't do it, thinking about seclusion in the valley, being in troubled times, and getting all the festivals. "The sun is dim, and the sun will set in the west. Whether it is pity for Kim Yong, whether it is or not, lonely wandering is obviously a symbol of the poet Geng Jie's wild heart. In this speech, the words "Songju", "Pavilion Guest" and "Solitary Pine" are all praised. " Back in Xi, please rest assured that you will never swim. The world is against me, and I ask for it. "Poets are out of tune with the world, so what are you traveling for?" Love words from relatives in Yue Dynasty, and sorrow from Le Shu. The farmer told Yu Yichun that something was going to happen in Xichou. "How sweet and true it is for farmers to talk about crops. I can't hear the annoying word "see the official" anymore. In addition to the piano book coke, it is naturally a wonderful book that can't be read, not to mention the spring full of hope. " Or a life towel truck, or a boat. Finding a ravine is not only awkward but also rugged and hilly. "Taking a boat, going deep into mountains and rivers, deep mountain roads and rugged mountain roads are all full of interest." Wood is thriving and spring is blooming. When everything is fine, I feel that my journey of life is over. "Nature is full of vitality and rhythm, which makes people feel excited and depressed. Everything is thriving, just as you are young and you are nearly old. " It's gone. How long will it take to form space? If you don't care about staying or not, Hu Weiwei will do whatever he wants. "Looking at the finiteness of life, the more valuable freedom is. I can't live for many years. Why don't I follow my own wishes? Why do I need to seek outside? " Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected. "The imperial city is the land of immortals, which refers to the fairy world in Taoism, but it can also refer to the pure land of the West in Buddhism. Wealth and fame are not my wish, and and heaven remains our neighbourhood cannot be trusted. From this, we can see through Yuan Ming's philosophy of life. He not only denied the secular political society, but also abandoned the other side of religion. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the scholar-officials were keen on official positions, and the Buddha and the old prevailed, but their realm was not brilliant. His attitude towards life is Ren Zhen-style and secular. He wants to find the meaning of life in his own life and realize the value of life. " If you are pregnant, go alone, or plant a stick. Deng and He Lin wrote poems together. "These four sentences are a concentrated description of the poet's ideal life. When it's sunny, you will travel, when the farm is busy, you will climb and scream, and when you are near the water, you will write poems. Labor, nature and humanity constitute the poet's whole life. " Talk about riding to the end, the fate of love is in doubt. "The last two sentences are a high summary of the poet's philosophy of life." The Book of Changes says: "Lotte know life is not worried. "Culture and destiny refer to the way of nature. Let your life always conform to the way of nature, that is, realize the meaning of life, which is enough happiness. This is happiness, and there is no doubt! This is beyond the realm and down-to-earth. " Gui Xi Ci is a lyric poem in poetic style. The source of ci style is Chu ci, especially Li Sao. The realm of Songs of the South is a tragic realm of enthusiastic use of the world. The realm of "Gui Xi Ci" is the transcendental realm of retiring and avoiding the world. The traditional literati in China are educated by Confucianism, and their life ideal is to be active in the world. In the extremely dark historical era of politics, the ideals of literati cannot be realized, and even their lives are not guaranteed. At this time, abandoning the official and retiring is the real meaning. Its significance lies in refusing to cooperate with the dark forces and promoting the spirit of independence and freedom. Tao Yuanming was the first person to express this recluse consciousness truly, profoundly and comprehensively in his poems. This is the significance of "Back to Xi Ci" in the history of Ci and literature. In the Song Dynasty, the word "Gui Xi" was rediscovered and recognized. Ouyang Xiu said: "Jin has no articles, only Tao Yuanming's" The Return of the Native ". Song Yu said: "The return of Tao Gong is the swan song of the North and South." This paper comments on the important position of this poem in the history of literature. Li said: "The Return of the Native Words flowed from the heart, but there was no axe mark. Zhu Dui said, "The meaning of his words is extensive and scattered. Although it is the voice of Chu, there is no complaint. " (See Tao Shu's note for the quotation), pointing out the true, natural and harmonious style of this poem. These comments of Song people are in line with reality. (Deng Xiaojun) Reading "Hui Xi Ci" can't give people a relaxed feeling, because there is a kind of sadness and helplessness behind the seemingly carefree poet. In essence, Tao Yuanming is not a pure hermit who only likes to travel around and doesn't care about current events. Although he said that "nature loves hills", his essence is to benefit society. When talking about Tao Yuanming, Mr. Lu Xun said, "It's poetry. In addition to the "leisurely view of Nanshan" praised by critics, there is also "jingwei holds a small wood, will fill the sea and dance in the fields, and his fierce ambition is always there", which proves that he is not in the clouds all day and all night. Through the angry words of "please rest and never travel" and "the world is against me", we feel heavy. Is the setting of "Gui Xi Ci" real or fictional? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The preface was written in November, still in the middle of winter;" If it is a retrospective direct record, did you search for' wood is thriving' and' when everything is fine'? Is there any personnel such as' the farmer told Yu Yichun that he would have something to do with Xichou' or' helping with a stick'? It goes without saying that it is an imagination that has not returned to the past. " (See Qian Zhongshu's "Pipe Tapping" 1225 ~ 1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first writing feature of this article is imagination. What the author writes is not the immediate scene, but the imaginary scene and the scene in his heart. So, what's the difference between writing the scene in your heart and the scene in front of you? The scene in front of you can be seen by your eyes. There are scenes before you and words behind you, which is consistent with the scene and focuses on taking pictures. The scene in your mind is the scene of creation. You can do whatever you want. When you follow your heart, there is not necessarily a scene. If you have a scene, it may not be true. It's just lyrical. The language of this article is exquisite. Poetry is mainly composed of six sentences, including three, four, seven and eight-character sentences, which are catchy and melodious. The words "zhi", "one" and "two" in the sentence are soothing and elegant. Sometimes with overlapping words, there is a strong sense of music. For example, "the boat is swaying, the wind is fluttering and blowing clothes" and "Mu Xinxin, spring water begins to flow". Use more antithetical sentences, no matter right or wrong, they are just right. Description is combined with lyricism and discussion, sometimes writing scenery, sometimes lyricism, and sometimes discussion, which is scenic, affectionate, rational and interesting. The last point of China people's life is that although Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside, no matter whether he did so positively or negatively, he was different from the working people after all. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden" or "Returning to the Garden to Xi Ci", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one who retired to the countryside. However, his seclusion has created a writer and formed a literary style, which shines brilliantly in the history of China literature. Ouyang Xiu said: "Jin has no article, and Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci is just an article. "Although this statement is exaggerated, we can see its position in the history of literature.