Cubism (Cubism) is a movement and school in the history of modern western art, also translated as Cubism. 1908 began in France. Cubist artists pursue the form of fragmentation, analysis and reorganization, forming separate pictures, and taking many combined fragments as the target of artists' performance.
Artists describe objects from multiple angles and put them in the same picture to express the most complete image of objects.
The overlapping of various angles of objects creates many vertical and parallel line angles, and the scattered shadows make the cubist picture have no illusion of three-dimensional space caused by the traditional perspective of western painting.
The background and the theme of the picture are alternately interspersed, which makes the cubist picture create two-dimensional painting characteristics.
2. Expressionism
Expressionism is one of the important schools of modern art. Literary schools popular in Germany, France, Austria, Northern Europe and Russia in the early 20th century.
190 1 French painter Julian August Hervey used this word for the first time to indicate that his paintings are different from impressionism.
Post-German painters also boldly "innovated" in composition, techniques, lines, colors and many other aspects, and gradually formed factions. Later, it developed into music, movies, architecture, poetry, novels, drama and other fields.
Expressionism is that artists pay attention to expressing their inner feelings through their works, but ignore the description of the shape of objects, so they often show their distortion and abstraction of reality, especially their feelings of fear. Therefore, works with cheerful expressionist themes are rare.
From this definition, the works of Matisse Grunewald and greco can also be said to be expressionism, but generally speaking, expressionism is limited to the works of the 20th century.
3. Futurism
Futurism is a popular social trend of thought in modern western countries. It aims to predict the future social development prospects according to human past development and scientific knowledge, so as to control and plan the current process and better adapt to the future.
Its development has gone through three stages: the first stage was in the 1940s. The theory of social development focuses on political development, which reflects the bourgeoisie's fear of capitalism. The representatives are Huxley and Orwell.
The second stage is the 1950s and 1960s, with the theme of discussing economic development, which reflects the characteristics of the post-war economic recovery period and the 1960s economic development period. The representatives are Galbraith, Rostow and Allen.
The third stage is after the 1970s, with the development of science and technology as the basic style, which reflects the reflection on the new technological revolution and the future life prospects of mankind. Representatives are daniel bell, herman kahn, alvin toffler toffler, brzezinski and naisbitt, members of the Rome Club.
4. Surrealism
Surrealism is a school of modern western literature. Popular in Europe between the two world wars, it has the most far-reaching influence in the field of visual art.
Committed to exploring people's subconscious psychology, he advocates breaking through the logical and practical concept of reality, completely giving up the realistic image based on logical and orderly experience memory, and integrating the concept of reality with instinct, subconscious and dream experience to show the image world in human deep psychology.
It is believed that many of people's instincts and desires are suppressed by the acceptance and control of the real world, and what can really show people's psychological true colors is the absolute and detached world outside reality, that is, the surreal world, which is people's deep psychology or dream.
Breaking the barrier between reason and consciousness, pursuing the free release of primitive impulses and ideas, and treating literary and artistic creation as a purely spontaneous psychological process are its basic characteristics.
5. Postmodernism
Postmodernism, which originated from modernism and rebelled against modernism, criticized and deconstructed the way of thinking that deprived people of subjectivity, integrity, centrality and identity in the process of modernization, and also criticized and deconstructed the essentialism, foundationalism, "metaphysical presence" and "Logocentrism" of western traditional philosophy.
The representative figures are Richard Rorty of the United States (193 1-2007), jacques derrida (1930-2004) and Jean-Francois Lyota (1924- 1998).
Baidu Encyclopedia-Western Art History