Learning the basic knowledge of Chinese language in junior high school is very important. It is the first step in Chinese language learning. It involves many knowledge points, so it is difficult to learn. But there are also laws to follow in the learning of basic knowledge. One step is steady, but the next step is unstable. We must learn to combine learning, accumulation, and training to achieve the goals of understanding, mastering, and consolidation. The following is a summary of junior high school Chinese knowledge points that I have compiled for you. I hope it will be helpful to you. Welcome everyone to read and study for reference!
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Junior high school Chinese knowledge points Part 1
Junior high school Chinese knowledge points Part 1 Part 2
Methods to improve performance in junior high school Chinese
●? Summary of knowledge points in junior high school Chinese Part 1
1. Expression methods: narrative, description, lyricism, explanation , Discussion
2. Expression techniques: symbolism, contrast, foil, setting up suspense, echoing before and after, expressing desire before suppressing, supporting objects to express aspirations, borrowing objects to express emotions, association, imagination, foil (positive contrast, contrasting contrast)
3. Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, parallelism, quotation, questioning, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy, irony
4. Narrative 6 Elements: time, place, characters, cause, process, and result of things
5. Narrative order: forward narration, flashback, interlude narration
6. Description angle: frontal description, profile description
7. Methods of describing characters: language, movement, demeanor, psychology, appearance
8. Angle of describing scenery: vision, hearing, taste, touch
9. Methods of describing scenery: combining movement and stillness (using movement to describe stillness), combining generalization with specificity, from far to near (or from near to far)
10. Description (or lyrical) method: Positive (also called direct), negative (also called indirect)
11. Narrative method: summary narrative, detailed description
12. Explanation sequence: temporal sequence, spatial sequence, Logical sequence
13. Explanation methods: giving examples, listing numbers, making analogies, making comparisons, defining, classifying, making explanations, describing descriptions, and quoting
Fourteen , The four parts of the plot of the novel: beginning, development, climax, and ending
15. The three elements of the novel: character, storyline, and specific environment
16. The description of the environment is divided into: Natural environment, social environment
17. Three elements of argumentative essays: arguments, arguments, arguments
18. Arguments are classified into: factual arguments and rational arguments
19. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argumentation, logical argumentation (sometimes also called citation argumentation), comparison (or positive and negative comparison) argumentation, metaphorical argumentation
20. Argumentation methods: argumentation, Refutation (refuting arguments, arguments, demonstrations)
21. The structure of an argumentative essay: total points, total points, total points; divided parts often have parallel and progressive forms .
22. The functions of quotation marks: quotation; emphasis; specific title; negation, sarcasm, irony
23. Usage of dashes: prompts, comments, summary, progression, Topic change, interjection.
24. Others:
(1) The role of a certain sentence in the text:
1. The beginning of the text: opening the topic; exaggerating the atmosphere (narrative) , novel), lay down the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), set up suspense (novel), and provide support for the following; lead the following;
2. In the text: connect the previous and the following; lead the following; summarize the above;
3. End of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); deepen the theme (narrative, novel); echo the beginning (argumentative essay, narrative, novel)
(2) Rhetorical techniques The function of: (1) its own function; (2) combined with the context of the sentence.
1. Metaphor, personification: vivid and vivid; answer format: vividly write + object + characteristics.
2. Parallelism: imposing, strengthening the tone, finishing in one go, etc.; Answer format: emphasizing + object + characteristics
3. Questioning: attracting readers’ attention and thinking;
Answer format: draw readers’ attention and thinking about +object+characteristics
Rhetorical questions: emphasize, strengthen tone, etc.;
4. Contrast: Emphasize...Highlight ...
5. Repetition: Emphasize... Strengthen the tone
(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
For questions like this, there is often a sentence in the sentence. Words or phrases use metaphors, comparisons, metaphors, symbols and other expression methods. When answering questions, reveal the objects they refer to, and then clarify the sentences.
(4) Should a word in a sentence be replaced with another line? Why?
Verb: No.
Because the word is written accurately, vividly and concretely...
Adjective: No. Because the word vividly describes...
Adverbs (such as all, mostly, very only, etc.): No. Because this word accurately explains the situation of... (expressing degree, expressing limitation, expressing time, expressing scope, etc.), after changing it, it becomes..., which is inconsistent with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
No. Because
(1) It is inconsistent with the rules of people’s understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from appearance to interior, from phenomenon to essence)
(2) This word is the same as the above Corresponding relationship
(3) These words are in a progressive relationship, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
(6) Summary of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative: answer clearly (when, where) who does what, format: (time + place) + person + thing .
2. Explanatory text: Answer clearly what the object is and what its characteristics are. Format: description (introduction) + description object + description content (characteristics)
3. Argumentative essay: Answer clearly what the discussion question is, what is the format of the author’s opinion: what argument method is used to prove (demonstrate) + argument
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●? Summary of junior high school Chinese knowledge points Summary Part 2
Summary of basic stylistic knowledge
1. Article genre? This article is one.
Poems, novels, prose (lyrical prose, narrative prose), scripts, expository essays, argumentative essays
2. What are the six elements of narrative?
Time, place, Characters, causes, processes, and results of events
3. Find the topic sentence?
Find the argumentative and lyrical sentence in the first or last paragraph.
4. What is the content of the article?
Method: Look at the title, characters (things), and events, and synthesize and summarize.
Answer: This article narrates (describes, explains)... and expresses (praises, reveals)....
5. What are the characteristics of the material organization?
Select typical events tightly around the center, tailor them appropriately, and provide appropriate details.
6. Divide into levels?
(1) Divide by time (find phrases that indicate time)
(2) Divide by location (find phrases that indicate location) Phrase)
(3) According to the development process (find each event)
(4) Total score (tick the beginning and remove the tail)
7. Narration Clues and functions?
Clues: (1) Core characters (2) Core things (3) Core events (4) Time (5) Place (6) Author’s emotions
Function : It is the thread that runs through the whole text, organically connecting the characters and events in the text, making the article clear and organized.
8. Come up with a title for the article.
Find the clue or center of the article
(1) Core character (2) Core thing (3) Core event (6) Author's emotion
9. Fill in Reading cards.
Search the original text according to each requirement, and then fill it out. Pay attention to the title, author, publisher, etc. of the original text (sometimes in parentheses).
10. Narrative order and function?
(1) Sequential narration (in the order of the development of things)
Function: The narrative has a beginning and an end, is clear and easy to read. The context is clear and impressive.
(2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before.)
Function: Create suspense, attract readers, avoid the monotony of the narrative, and enhance the vividness of the article .
(3) Narration (interrupt the clues during the narrative and insert another related thing.)
Function: It supplements and sets off the plot, enriches the image, and highlights the center.
(4) Plain description (omitted)
11. Language characteristics?
Choose from the following words based on context and rhetorical methods:
< p> Vivid image, fresh and beautiful, concise and concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious in phonology and strong sense of rhythm. (Note: Analysis must be combined with specific sentences.)12. Writing techniques and functions?
(1) Personification techniques
Give things human character, Thoughts, feelings and actions personify objects, thereby achieving vivid effects.
(2) Metaphorical techniques
Describe things and explain principles vividly, concisely and concisely.
(3) Exaggeration
Highlight the characteristics of people or things, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression.
(4) Symbolic techniques
Place specific meanings on the things described, express the emotions of..., and enhance the expressiveness of the article.
(5) Comparative technique
Through comparison, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article.
(6) Set off (side contrast) technique
Use secondary people or things to set off the main people or things, highlighting the main people or things' characteristics, personality, thoughts, Emotions etc.
(7) Satire techniques
Use metaphors, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen the profundity and criticality, and make the language pungent and humorous.
(8) If you want to promote, suppress first
First belittle and then vigorously praise the object being described. The context forms a contrast, highlighting the object being written, and receiving unexpected and touching effects.
(9) Echoing before and after (echoing from beginning to end)
Make the plot complete, the structure rigorous, and the center prominent.
13. Rhetorical methods and functions
(1) Metaphor: vividly, concisely and concisely describe things and explain principles.
(2) Personification: endow things with human personalities, thoughts, feelings and actions to personify them, thereby achieving a vivid effect.
(3) Exaggeration: highlight features, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression.
(4) Parallelism: clear organization, distinctive rhythm, enhanced language potential, and good at lyricism.
(5) Duality: Neat form, harmonious phonology, setting off and complementing each other.
(6) Repetition: Emphasis on a certain meaning, strong lyricism, and full of appeal.
(7) Ask questions: Ask and answer yourself, attracting attention and inspiring thinking.
(8) Rhetorical question: Have a clear attitude, strengthen the tone, and be strongly lyrical.
Note: Analysis must be combined with relevant statements.
14. What are the meanings and functions of specific words?
Method: Contact the original meaning of the word, explain its meaning in the text, and find out the specific content it refers to.
Answer: The word "__" originally refers to..., here it refers to..., and plays the role of...
15. What is the meaning of the sentence?
Grasp the key words, analyze its characteristics and meaning, and explain it in conjunction with the context.
16. What is the structural role of sentences?
(1) Continue the above
(2) Open up the following (lead to the following)
< p> (3) Connect the previous to the next (transition)(4) Pave the way for the following text
17. Expression method?
Narration, discussion, lyricism, description , Explanation
18. What is the role of argument in narratives?
It triggers readers to think, points out the meaning of characters or events, highlights the center, sublimates the theme, and plays the finishing touch.
19. What is the role of lyricism in narratives?
It expresses the author’s sincere and deep emotions, triggers the reader’s emotional response, and makes the article highly contagious.
20. Types and functions of description?
Types:
(1) Portrait description (2) Appearance description (3) Expression description (4) Action Description
(5) Language (dialogue) description (7) Psychological description (8) Scenery description
(9) Scene description (10) Environment description (11) Detail description
p>
Function: Shape characters, promote plot development, and reveal the theme of the article.
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