Sanqu is the representative of meta-art. Traditionally, Sanqu refers to a poem. Sanqu is developed from words to some extent. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, some folk songs, as well as the music of ethnic minorities such as Jurchen and Mongolia, were absorbed into the poems of literati in the Central Plains. After the intervention of literati in the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, a new form of poetry was gradually formed, which is Sanqu, also known as Beiqu because it was formed in the north. Sanqu includes three forms: poetry, divertimento and songs between poetry and divertimento. Xiaoling, also known as Ye Er, is usually single. Xiao Ling used to be a popular folk tune and ditty, with different lengths and clear tunes. As the name implies, the poem is short, so don't use words with two tones, three tones and four tones. However, there is a kind of couplet in a poem, which is used to express a special meaning. Sometimes hundreds of poems can even be linked together. Taoqu comes from Gongdiao, also known as Taoshu or Daling. Since you want to set it, you can't be single. A suite is a suite composed of more than two tunes in the same tune. Generally, it has an ending, and it rhymes to the end. Qu Yuan originally refers to songs that are often played and sung in the same palace. There are generally two tones and three tones. Sanqu poetry is the representative of Sanqu. The source of this poem is very mixed. Some tunes, such as Goat, Yellow Bean Leaves and Thousand Lotus Leaves, are related to people's productive labor, as long as they are heard. Most of them spread from rural areas to cities. Some tunes are particularly popular in some areas, such as magnolia in Dongping, Shandong, fish in Daming, raw faults in Nanjing, tiger sand in Zhangde, and Sandie in Yangguan, Shaanxi. From the content point of view, most of the existing Sanqu are works that recite history, express feelings, praise seclusion in the mountains and describe the amorous feelings of men and women, and a few works also reveal the major social problems at that time. Among Sanqu, poetry is the most common, beautiful and vivid, and has considerable artistic value. In any case, Sanqu is a brand-new and popular literary form, which came into being after the nomadic people invaded the Central Plains in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is China people's absorption and perfection of the street literature at that time under the rule of foreign nationalities and under the premise of multi-ethnic integration. The creation of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty was very common. At present, there are more than 200 writers who can be verified. In addition, many unknown authors cannot know their true identities. These writers were born in different times, and their class composition was very complicated, which caused the different styles of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty. The development of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty can be roughly divided into two periods. Early famous writers include Guan Hanqing and Ma Zhiyuan. Their works are close to folk songs, with simple and natural style and more social content. Wang Ding, a contemporary Sanqu writer with Guan Hanqing, has a funny style and boring works. There are two noteworthy works, the black paint crossbow and the dial, but the content is still lacking in creativity. In addition, Yang Guo, Lu Zhi, Yao Gui and Feng Zizhen are also famous writers of early Sanqu. They are all prominent officials, so their style of writing is elegant, which represents another tendency in Yuan Sanqu. With the development of the United States in the later period of Sanqu, the language tends to be elegant and beautiful, and the representative writers in this respect are Zhang Kejiu and George. Zhang Kejiu, Zi Xiaoshan, is from Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province. He is not very successful in his official career. In his later years, he lived in the West Lake for a long time to entertain himself. Zhang Kejiu wrote Drunk Zhongtian, Today's Yuefu, Su Causeway Fishing Song, Yanwu and so on. Later generations compiled six volumes of New Yuefu. Georgie claimed to be a drunken fairy in the Jianghu, the first scholar in the Jianghu, and wrote a collection of Sanqu Hill Yuefu. Compared with Zhang Kejiu, George has the habit of wandering in rivers and lakes. However, in their works, there are occasional works that reflect on the past, hurt the present, or express the moral of things and are dissatisfied with reality. The more important writers in the later period are Sui, Zhang and Liu Shizhong. Their special name is Zhang. Zhang, 1270, was born in Ximeng, Licheng, Shandong. His official career has been ups and downs for 30 years, and he has worked as a minister of rites and suggestion, which can be said to be a senior official. 192 1 year, he went to be an official and persuaded Yuan to let him go.
However, due to its long history, it has been handed down very little. Only about twenty songs can be collected at present. Most of these ballads were produced in the sharp and complicated class struggle and national struggle in Yuan Dynasty, and they were highly political and combative. One of them wrote: a golden drum is used to solve thieves, and a gong is used to greet officials on both sides. Golden drums are all the same, and there are many officials and thieves. By the end of Yuan Dynasty, there were more such ballads. For example, a ballad that encourages people to rebel reads: the mountain is high and the emperor is far away, but there are few people and many people. How about playing three times a day, instead of staying? In short, folk songs often represent the aspirations of the people at the bottom of society at that time, so the social problems it reflects are the most acute and prominent.