First, the basic knowledge
1. Please pay attention to the following bold words or write Chinese characters in pinyin.
Dying () Beauty () Fading () (yān) Red (zhuì √) Falling
Grey (āi) (wèi) blue and dark (hú)
2. Write the words according to the meaning.
(1) The sun went down. ( )
(2) Bright and beautiful (mostly used to describe scenery) ()
3. According to the text, fill in the appropriate words on the lines.
(1) The sunset is really beautiful and changeable.
(2) Astronomers have long discovered that the earth's atmosphere can emit light.
(3) When the sun rays near the horizon pass through the atmosphere, the distance is much farther than that of the upper layer, so the rays entering the bottom layer are very fast.
4. In the following sentences, the explanation method is not used ().
A, most of these strange scenes are illusions, and the sunset itself has not changed.
Generally speaking, there is more smoke and dust in the air at dusk than in the morning. Here, the color of sunset is different from that of the rising sun.
C, this is because the speed of light slows down by 87 kilometers per second when it passes through the air, so the refraction of light also changes.
D, (the sun in the sunset) hangs far away from the horizon like a huge jade plate.
5. Read the following materials. What did you find? Write the results of the survey.
American biologists have done this experiment: newborn babies are divided into four groups, one group can't hear any sound; Both of them played recorded lullabies; Three groups imitate sounds with metronomes; Four groups play the recording of mother's heartbeat. The results show that the fourth group only needs half the time of the other three groups, and the baby can fall asleep safely. Babies in the first group spent 60% of their time crying and fidgeting.
Second, the overall content
6. This is an article explaining things. Try to fill in the following table according to the content of the text and arrange the explanation order.
Illusion at sunset
The cause of hallucination
7. The language of this article is vivid, aesthetic and literary, and the proper use of description and expression can enhance the expression effect of the article. Please extract two such sentences from the text.
Three. Key paragraph
Read the following and answer the questions.
In fact, the sunset is as spectacular, beautiful, mysterious and charming as the sunrise. If you have a chance to watch the sunset, it will fascinate you: the sun lies quietly on the western horizon, becoming so big, so deep yellow and crimson; It descends slowly, contracting and flattening as it approaches the horizon. If there are clouds in the sky, you will see a brilliant sunset; There are no clouds all day. Don't forget to look back. You will find a mysterious blue dark arc in the sky behind you, and there is an obvious bright arc outside the dark arc. While the dark arc and the bright arc rise, charming purple light will appear in the western sky. As the sun goes down, the purple light moves down and disappears when it approaches the horizon. Unfortunately, this beautiful purple light is rare.
The sunset is really beautiful, colorful and unpredictable. However, the audience will not think that most of these strange scenes are illusions, and the sunset itself has not changed.
Astronomers have long discovered that the earth's atmosphere scatters light. 187 1 year, British scientist Li Duan proved that the scattering of short-wave light is much stronger than that of long-wave light, so the light intensity of short-wave light-violet light scattered by tiny dust and air molecules in the atmosphere is more than 10 times that of long-wave light (which can explain why the sky is always blue). Because at sunset and sunrise, the atmosphere penetrated by sunlight becomes thicker, and yellow and red light have the greatest penetration ability, so the sun at this time looks dark yellow and crimson. Generally speaking, there is more smoke and dust in the air at dusk than in the morning, so the color of sunset is different from that of rising sun.
Because the earth's surface and atmosphere are curved, the distance of the sun's light passing through the atmosphere near the horizon is much longer than that of the upper layer, so the light entering the bottom layer decays rapidly, and the shadow of the earth caused by the sun sinking into the horizon appears blue-gray dark arc in the sky; However, the upper atmosphere has a low density and weak light scattering, which leads to a bright arc on the dark arc. This wonderful atmospheric optical phenomenon rises to the zenith with the setting of the sun and disappears with the arrival of darkness. As for the beautiful purple light, it is caused by the superposition effect of human eyes, which makes the red light passing through the atmospheric dust overlap with the blue scattered light of the purer air in the upper atmosphere.
8. The first paragraph is mainly used for expression. The advantage of this writing is that.
9. The second paragraph belongs to the structure and plays an important role in the content.
10, what is the interpretation method of the underlined sentence in the third paragraph? What are the advantages of writing like this?
1 1, what does "this wonderful atmospheric optical phenomenon" underlined in the fourth paragraph mean?
Fourth, expand training.
Ask questions
12, contrast: experience the difference in the expression effect of two sentences in each group.
(1) People like to watch the sunrise and admire the spectacular sight when the sun rises.
People like to watch the sunrise and enjoy the spectacular scene at sunrise.
(2) Unfortunately, this beautiful purple light is rare.
But this beautiful purple light is rare.
13, the hallucination mentioned at the end of the article does not give the cause of hallucination. Can you try to explain it in combination with your accumulated knowledge?
Reading problem
Read the following and answer the questions.
Why is the bottom of a rocket like a horn?
Why should the nozzle of rocket engine be horn-shaped? We should also start with the special structure of the rocket engine.
The fire engine can produce strong driving force because of the special structure of rocket engine.
Thrust chamber is the core component of rocket engine, which generally consists of head, combustion chamber and nozzle. The function of the head and the combustion chamber is to make the combustion agent flow through the combustion chamber and the inner sleeve of the nozzle to cool the combustion chamber and the nozzle, and then spray the combustion agent from the nozzle and the outer sleeve of the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber through the nozzle, and at the same time spray the oxidant from other nozzles for full combustion, so that the chemical energy of the propellant can be completely converted into heat energy, and high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas of 2200℃-3500℃ is generated in the combustion chamber; The function of the nozzle is to accelerate the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber from tens of meters/second to several kilometers/second, so as to convert the thermal energy of the gas into the kinetic energy of the gas and obtain a direct reaction force, and the greater the thrust.
So, how did the rocket engine get such a high jet? This is a design science, that is, the nozzle part of the thrust chamber is made into a trumpet shape that converges first and then diffuses, and the upper end of the convergent section is smoothly connected with the lower end of the combustion chamber. This structure can make the airflow speed change with the change of nozzle cross-sectional area, and make the airflow from subsonic speed to sonic speed until it accelerates to sonic speed. Therefore, people call this horn nozzle supersonic nozzle. Because it was invented by Swede Laval, it is also called "Laval nozzle".
Let's analyze the principle of Laval nozzle. Under the pressure of the combustion chamber, the airflow in the rocket engine flows back through the nozzle and enters the contraction section of the nozzle. At this stage, the gas movement follows the principle of "when the fluid moves in the tube, the flow velocity at the small cross section is large and the flow velocity at the large cross section is small", but conversely, the larger the cross-sectional area, the faster the flow velocity. In the expansion section, the airflow speed is further accelerated to 2-3 km/s, which is equivalent to 7-8 times the speed of sound, thus generating huge thrust.
Now you should understand that Laval nozzle actually acts as a "speed booster". In fact, not only rocket engines, but also missile nozzles are trumpet-shaped, so Laval nozzles are widely used in weapons.
(Selected from China National Defense News on July 6, 2002)
14, the object of this paper is the order in which the author adopts the instructions.
15, the full text explains the characteristics of things by structure, including the first and second paragraphs, and the third, fourth and fifth paragraphs.
16, the selected article introduces something we don't often see. Can you understand? Try to talk about the characteristics of article language from one angle.
Setting off fireworks and firecrackers during the Spring Festival is a traditional habit of the Chinese nation. Combined with the introduction of this article and your existing knowledge, talk about the principle that fireworks can take off and explode.
Interesting question
18, idiom right.
(1) Ordered ()
(2) Solid soup ()
(3) Send charcoal in the snow ()
(4) Immortality ()
(5) Carving ()
have a ready tongue
Synchronization of senior high school entrance examination
Read the following and answer the questions.
If you can watch the sea glow at night, it is very spectacular. It is like a star, like a milky white lamp, and more like a colorful fireworks show. People call this phenomenon "sea fire". Who caused this fascinating sight? Whose masterpiece is this?
There is a sea glow in the foam around and at the stern of the sailboat, which is mainly luminous plankton with very small particles. It is mostly rose red. Usually, there is a fatty substance in it, which can glow slightly. Cold light is characterized by countless white, light green or light red flashes. But they are usually more obvious only when there are mechanical disturbances or chemical stimuli on the sea surface. When the waves push them to the gravel coast, they are more likely to be triggered to glow. The light emitted is like a string of sparks, such as "fire rain" falling, one after another. This kind of ocean luminescence is called spark ocean luminescence.
Another kind of marine luminescence is caused by marine luminescent bacteria. Their luminous intensity is weak, and its characteristic is that no matter what the sea conditions are, no matter whether the outside world interferes or not, as long as there are a large number of luminescent bacteria, milky white light will appear on the sea surface. This kind of bacteria mostly exists in estuaries, harbors and cold and warm currents, especially where sewers enter the sea or where seawater is polluted. This kind of luminescence is called diffuse luminescence.
Another kind of sea glow is caused by larger luminous organisms in the ocean, such as jellyfish, sponges, liverworts, ring worms and shellfish. Jellyfish have special light-emitting organs on their bodies, which emit great flashes when stimulated. Some fish can secrete a special substance, which reacts with oxygen to emit light. This kind of luminescence usually appears in isolation, which is more eye-catching under the stimulation of mechanical and chemical effects. The sea light they emit is characterized by one bright and one dark, and it goes back and forth. This kind of sea light like flash is called flash sea light.
Hai Xia is not only colorful, beautiful and attractive, but most importantly, it is closely related to production and construction.
The sea area with strong sea light can reflect the sea view at night, so when a ship encounters sea light at night without moonlight, it will make the captain have an illusion, lead to an average accident and affect the safe navigation of the ship. Correctly mastering Haihui can predict the weather. After years of observation, fishermen in China, Liaoning and Hebei provinces summed up the folk proverb "See the sea, see the fire, see the wind and rain". The sea light produced by fish swimming exposes the hiding place of fish, so experienced fishermen use it to fish at night.
(selected from Bowen)
19, please briefly summarize the causes of colorful, beautiful and charming "Hai Xia".
20. What are the characteristics of different types of ocean luminescence?
2 1. Why is there a "spark glow" in the foam around and at the stern of a sailboat?
22. What is the close relationship between ocean luminescence and production and construction?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) composition
23. Have you carefully observed whether the sun rises or sets? Can you describe this beautiful scenery with beautiful brushstrokes? Please observe and try to write down what you see and feel. Pay attention to the description of the article. Not less than 200 words.
I didn't know if you wanted an answer, so I gave it to you.
Reference answer:
1.y m: n q ǐ shu ā i yin falls on the ivy arc.
2.( 1) The sunset in the western hills (2) is beautiful.
3.( 1) Brilliant colors (2) Scattering (3) Attenuation
4.A
There is a relationship between the baby and the mother's heartbeat.
leave out
7. Example: ① The sun is lying quietly on the western horizon, becoming so big and the color is so deep yellow and deep red; It descends slowly, contracting and flattening as it approaches the horizon. There are no clouds all day. Don't forget to look back. You will find a mysterious blue-gray dark arc in the sky behind you, and there is an obvious bright arc outside the dark arc. As soon as the dark arc and the bright arc rise, there will be a charming purple light in the western sky, which will move down as the sun sets and disappear when it approaches the horizon.
8. Vivid description makes the article more literary.
9. Transitional sentences connect the preceding and following sentences.
10. Compare. It is clearly and effectively explained that short-wave light scattering is higher than long-wave light intensity.
"Because of the bright arc" (at the beginning of the fourth paragraph).
12.( 1) The original text is a double negative, which means positive. It plays an important role in emphasizing people's love for sunrise.
(2) Using "pity" is more emotional than using "but", which can show attachment to beautiful scenery and make the article interesting.
13. Omit
14. Special structural logic of rocket engine
15. The total score is always said.
16. Popular and concise.
17. It is similar to the principle that a rocket engine can generate powerful driving force.
18.( 1) It's a mess (2) It's at stake (3) It's icing on the cake (4) It's notorious for thousands of years (5) It's shoddy (6) It's clumsy.
19. (1) It is luminescent plankton with very small particles. ② Caused by marine luminescent bacteria. (3) It is caused by large luminous organisms in the ocean.
20.① Characteristics of "Spark-type Sea Glow": It is composed of countless white, light green or light red flashes, and the light emitted is like clusters of sparks, such as "fire rain" falling one after another. (2) the characteristics of "diffuse ocean luminescence"; When a large number of luminescent bacteria exist, milky light will appear on the sea surface. (3) The characteristics of the "flash-type sea glow": one is bright and the other is dark, and it circulates repeatedly, just like a flash.
2 1. Because of the tiny luminescent plankton, it only emits bright light when there is mechanical disturbance or chemical stimulation on the sea surface.
22.① Affect the safe navigation of ships. ② It can forecast the weather. ③ It is convenient for fishermen to fish at night.
23. Omission