Du Mu said in Gong Fang Fu: "Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, reaching Xianyang directly." Epang Palace was built from Mount Li and then reached Xiwan. It is extremely grand in scale and luxurious in facilities. In 206 BC, when the Qin Dynasty perished and Xiang Yu invaded Xianyang, Epang Palace was burned down.
Zhang wrote this poem "Li Shan Nostalgia" through Li Shan. The first three sentences, "Li Mountain looks around, A Fang is on fire, where did you get the luxury?" Looking back at the history of Mount Li, it used to be the palace of the Qin Dynasty. After it was destroyed by fire, the singing platform, dance pavilion, gold nuggets and pebbles at that time no longer existed. The author used the question "Where is it now" to emphasize his feelings about the great changes that have taken place since ancient times, which naturally led to the following words: "Only grass is sparse, running water is lingering."
There are no luxurious palaces in the past, only weeds are scattered sparsely on the ground, and the river flows around there. The lack of grass and lingering water increase the emotional weight of the author's nostalgia and injury to the present.
Followed by six or seven sentences: "I still hate that tobacco tree. Li Hanchu. "
Today, the resentment of Qin Dynasty's national subjugation due to luxury and cruelty has disappeared among the smoke trees. And this kind of national subjugation is not unique to the Qin Dynasty. From the Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period to the dispute between Han and Chu, who did not die? In fact, the author has placed an irony here, saying that future generations have forgotten the lessons of the demise of the previous dynasty.
After the Yuan rulers seized power, they became more extravagant, completely ignoring the emptiness of the national treasury, and the social economy was in urgent need of adjustment. Zhang was dissatisfied with the situation at that time, but when he thought about the history of other countries, he felt that from seizing political power to extravagant violence and finally dying, it was the same ending as the feudal dynasty.
Du Mu said that Abang Palace was "the torch of the Chu people, but it was scorched earth". It is from this that the author extended and wrote: "If you win, you will become dirt; If you lose, you will become soil. " At the end of this sentence, the two sentences are the same, which means that whether you win or lose, the luxurious palace will eventually die out and "all become dirt" We can regard this as a curse to the feudal dynasty and a summary of the social and historical laws of the feudal dynasty.
Zhang said at the end of another poem "Goat Tongguan Nostalgia": "Xing, people suffer; When you die, the people suffer. " This is the change of the feudal dynasty from the people's point of view, which brought all the sufferings to the people.
And this poem is from the perspective of dynasty rulers. No matter whether the feudal rulers win or lose, they are doomed to perish. Although it is not as profound as the thought of Tongguan Past, it also implies a historical necessity and is quite meaningful.
2. Mountain Slope Sheep Lishan Nostalgia Rewrite Prose Mountain Slope Sheep Tongguan Nostalgia
Zhang
The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. It is a pity to look at western capital. Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, the people suffer; People suffer when they die.
Rewrite into prose
I stood on the mountain road of Tongguan fortress, with Huashan peaks in front of me and the torrent of the Yellow River at my feet. The river roared in the canyon, just like a wild and crazy herd. The peak is crowded and uneven, as if it were gathered here for inspection. Tongguan, the majestic and dangerous Tongguan, is a battleground for ancient strategists! You see, this scene is like the gathering of mountains and peaks here, just like the raging waves here. There is the Yellow River outside and Huashan inside, and Tongguan has a solid terrain.
Thinking of ancient times, I can't help looking west. Three hundred miles west of Tongguan is Xijing Chang 'an. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, several dynasties established their capitals in that area. I didn't see anything at sunset, but in my mind, I saw the majestic ancient capital and the magnificent palaces. There used to be many emperors and generals, and heroes leaped in the dragon and tiger, which was a great shock. Now all of them are gone, leaving only a piece of loess. Looking west at Chang 'an, I'm really confused! Looking at the past history, my thoughts are ups and downs. It's true: passing through the old place of Qin and Han Dynasties, there are many sorrows everywhere, and thousands of palaces have already turned into dust.
Am I just sad that "all the palaces are made of dirt" No, the saddest thing is people of all ages Regardless of the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang dynasties, despite the change of dynasties, the suffering of the people has never been eliminated. "Xing, people suffer; Death, the people suffer! " This is a sharp evaluation of thousands of years of history! Once prosperous, the people suffered; Once destroyed, people are still suffering.
"Death is painful" is easy to understand. At the time of the demise of the dynasty, wars were frequent and the people were in dire straits. "Xing", how can "people suffer"? The "prosperity" of the dynasty is bound to be a massive construction, plundering the fat of the people, and the people suffer. For example, when the Qin Dynasty rose, the people suffered a lot by building the Great Wall, clearing the way and building official offices. Prosperity leads to great construction, and death leads to war and disaster. Regardless of the "prosperity" and "death" of the dynasty, it is our common people who suffer.
3. Help me copy a first poem (Li's "Mountain Homesickness") and then write a Yuan Sanqu "Mountain Homesickness of Mountain Slope Sheep Li".
Zhang
Looking around Mount Li, the house is brightly lit. Where was the luxury then?
I saw that the grass was sparse and the water was lingering.
So far, I hate the misty trees, and my country is Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu.
If you win, you will become dirt; What is lost has become dirt.
Zhang (1270- 1329) is a native of Jinan, Shandong, and a native of Ximeng. He has served as county yin, censor and minister of rites. Known for daring to speak and remonstrate. Because of the drought in Guanzhong, he abandoned his official and retired, returned to China for drought relief, and died of fatigue in April. The collection of Sanqu includes "Trang Van Living in a Small Yuefu", in which I wrote more about the joy of offering love to Lin Quan. Sometimes there are works that care about people.
Taihe's "Spectrum" said that Zhang's Sanqu was like a symmetrical tree. However, this poem reflects his different characteristics.
The famous Mount Li, which has experienced many vicissitudes, has many historical sites. The author climbed the mountain and looked around, feeling a lot. Where did he start writing? Only Epang Palace can best lead the thoughts of authors and readers. Unfortunately, it has been burned by Xiang Yu, and the luxury of that year no longer exists. In front of the author, there are only "sparse" "weeds" and "winding and lingering" "river water". This touched the author's sad mood and realized the ruthlessness and inevitability of historical changes. The "residual hatred" of regime change is like the misty forest in front of us. Where can we find the shadow of "Zhou, Qi, Qin, Han and Chu" in "nationality"? In the long river of history, the rise and fall of the Sui and Tang Dynasties here have also been relentlessly diluted. How many emperors fought for the world and how did they "win"? How about "losing" and not "all turning into dirt"! As Zhang wrote in the homology of "Nostalgia for North Mangshan", "Even a gentleman should not be called; Even ministers should not be called. " They all did "Dust at the foot of Mount Beimang".
What a sad and gloomy sigh! Reading this little song, I was impressed by the author's broad historical vision and his broad mind. There are no difficult words, formidable obscure allusions and gorgeous sentences in the whole song. It is these simple and clumsy words that sang an immortal swan song! "If you win, you will become dirt; If you lose, you will become soil! " Understood as words, it has become a thought-provoking epigram.
It's really not vulgar words written by famous artists! Today's poets should learn from the ancients' pursuit of great ingenuity in simplicity and profound writing skills in simplicity. If we can do this, maybe we can create a new face when writing.
4. The first question of the 100-word essay compiled by Shanpo Yang Lishan Nostalgia: It expresses his sigh and admiration for the rise and fall of history, and that no matter how the ruling class changes, the people always suffer, showing sympathy for the people and dissatisfaction with the ruling class's arrogance and extravagance!
The second question: Shan Li's nostalgia for the past and Weiyang's nostalgia for the past are the feelings expressed by the author after he boarded the ruins of the ancient palace. The difference is that the former is more explicit and the latter is more implicit. "Li Shan Nostalgia" and "Weiyang Nostalgia" borrowed the allusions of the peasant war in the late Qin Dynasty and the heroes in the third year of Han Dynasty, Xiao He and Han Xin, respectively, and expressed different themes. Weiyang nostalgia expresses admiration for the Han Dynasty through magnificent mountains and rivers.