From Nine Songs of National Mourning, it is the work of Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu State in the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan (340-278 BC) was a statesman of Chu in the Warring States Period and the earliest great poet in China. The name is flat, the word is original, the cloud name is correct, and the number is average. He is knowledgeable. He helped Chu Huaiwang at the beginning and served as a doctor and disciple of San Lv. It advocates cultivating talents internally, cultivating statutes, and uniting external forces to resist Qin.
This is an elegy for the soldiers who died in Chu.
The original text (excerpt) is as follows:
Sword in hand, wearing leather armor, chariots staggered, sword and blade.
Enemy, the flag is like a dark cloud and the arrow is on the string.
He violated my position and trampled on my team. My left relative died and my right relative was stabbed.
Bury two rounds, trip four horses, and beat drums with jade mallets.
The translation is as follows:
Soldiers holding Angkor in their hands, wearing rhinoceros armour, and fighting vehicles with swords crossed.
The flag covers the Japanese enemy like a cloud, and the arrow falls and the soldier bravely strives for the first place.
The enemy invaded our position, and the left horse was killed and the right horse was wounded by a knife.
The chariot was sandwiched between two wheels, and the coach raised the drumstick and slammed the war drum.
Comments on the text are as follows:
(1) National mourning: refers to those who died for their country. Mourning: refers to the death of minors, but also refers to the deceased. Dai Zhen's Notes on Qu Yuan: "The second meaning of mourning: a man or a woman who died before her crown (male is twenty years old) (female is fifteen years old) is called mourning; It's a shame to wait for death outside. Sad words hurt people. National mourning, death of state affairs, so it is different from the mourning of the two. "
(2) Fuck Angkor (pρ) Rhinoceros Armor: Holding Wu's brother in his hand, wearing armor made of rhinoceros skin. Angkor Wat: Angkor Wat was built by the State of Wu. At that time, Wu Yetie's technology was advanced, and Angkor Wat was famous for its sharpness. Cover it, put it on, put it on. Rhinoceros armour: Armor made of rhinoceros skin, especially hard.
Extended data:
In the 28th year of Chu Huaiwang (30 1 BC), Qin, Qi, Han and Wei jointly attacked Chu, destroyed the Tang Dynasty, and took the heavy hills (now Biyang North, Henan). The following year, the Chu army was defeated by Qin again, and General Jing was killed, killing 20,000 people. The following year, Qin captured eight cities of Chu, was tricked into forming an alliance with Qin, and was jailed. His son Wang Xiang succeeded to the throne.
In the first year of King Xiang (298 BC), Qin attacked Chu again, defeated the Chu army, beheaded 50,000 people, and captured 65,438 +05 city (now Xixia, Henan). Before Qu Yuan died, according to the above statistics, more than 6,543.8+0.5 million soldiers in Chu died suddenly in a bloody battle with Qin Jun.
Later generations pointed out that the work of "mourning the country" was because "caring for the world, greedy and abandoning morality, breaking promises and forgetting relatives, and even angry with God and blaming the country for its death, so that strong men lay dead and became hostile quickly. The original cover is deeply sad and extremely painful. " In ancient times, people who died when they were young (less than 20 years old) were called injuries, and they were also used to refer to the ghost who didn't finish the funeral.
According to the ancient funeral, people who don't have the courage to die on the battlefield can't be buried in coffins and graves as usual, and they are also called "wounds" without owners. In Qin Chu War, Chu soldiers who died in battle were defeated and had to die in the wilderness. No one organized funerals and sacrifices for those who died for their country.
It is against this background that Qu Yuan, who is in exile, created this immortal masterpiece.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Nine Songs and National Mourning