2. I think it's ok to appreciate ancient prose (I wrote it myself) 1. You can translate the whole poem first. 2. Write down the description of each sentence and the ideas expressed. 3. Refine the words of individual words in ancient poetry (the so-called word refinement means that the words used in ancient poetry are particularly accurate, especially can reflect the theme, or vividly reveal the artistic conception. ) 4. Combining the above, dredge the success of the whole poem and the places worth learning. 5. Talk about the feelings and enlightenment of appreciating the whole poem with personal experience. This is my way of appreciating ancient poetry, I hope it will help you ~! This poem is about the feeling of missing my hometown on a silent moonlit night.
The first two sentences of this poem, "There is such bright light at the foot of my bed, is there frost already?" , is the poet in a foreign country under the specific environment of illusion. A person who lives alone in a foreign country and is busy during the day can still dilute his sadness. However, in the dead of night, the waves of missing his hometown will inevitably surge in his heart.
Not to mention on a moonlit night, not to mention on a frosty autumn night. "Could there have been frost?" The word "doubt" in the poem vividly expresses that the poet woke up from his sleep and mistook the Leng Yue in front of his bed for the thick frost on the ground.
The word "frost" is better used, which not only describes the bright moonlight, but also expresses the cold of the season, and also sets off the loneliness and desolation of the poet wandering abroad. The last two sentences of the poem, "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, then sinking, and I suddenly remembered my home", which deepened my homesickness through the description of the action mode.
The word "hope" takes care of the word "doubt" in the previous sentence, which shows that the poet has changed from a daze to a sober one. He stared at the moon eagerly and couldn't help thinking that his hometown was under the bright moon at the moment. So naturally, I came to the conclusion that "I sank back and suddenly thought of home".
The action of "bowing your head" depicts the poet completely lost in thought. And the word "miss" left a rich imagination space for readers: the old brothers, relatives and friends in that hometown, the mountains and rivers, the grass and trees in that hometown, the lost years, the past … are all in my thoughts.
A word "Xiang" contains too much content. Hu Yinglin, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, said that Hu Yinglin said: "Taibai's quatrains are all written in words, and the so-called unintentional workers have no work."
("Poetry? Wang Shimao, the internal editor (Volume 6), thinks: "There were only two schools in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: Violet (Li Bai) and Dragon Label (Wang Changling). Li is more natural. His former residence is. "
What are "nature" and "unintentional work"? This song "Silent Night Thinking" is a sample list. Therefore, Hu specially put it forward and said it was "a wonder of ancient and modern times."
This little poem has neither strange and novel imagination nor exquisite and gorgeous rhetoric; It only uses narrative style to write the homesickness of distant guests, but it is meaningful and intriguing, which has attracted readers so widely for thousands of years. Strangers in a foreign country will probably feel this way: just one day, in the dead of night, homesickness will inevitably ripple in my heart; What's more, it's a moonlit night, what's more, it's an autumn night with a bright moon like frost! The white frost on the moon is clear, which is the night scene of clear autumn; Describing moonlight with frost color is also common in classical poetry.
For example, in the poem Xuanpu Liang Na written by Emperor Wen of Liang Jian and Xiao Gang, "jathyapple is like autumn frost". Zhang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was earlier than Li Bai, wrote a bright moonlight with "frost flowing in the air" in "Moonlight on a Spring River", which gave people a three-dimensional sense, especially a wonderful idea. However, these are all used as rhetorical devices in poetry.
"Is there frost already?" This poem is narrative, not figurative words, but a temporary illusion of the poet in a specific environment. Why is there such an illusion? It is not difficult to imagine that these two sentences describe the situation that the guest can't sleep at night and has a short dream for the first time.
At this time, the courtyard was lonely, and the bright moonlight hit the bed through the window, bringing a cold autumn chill. At first glance, the poet was in a blur and trance, and it really seemed that the ground was covered with frost; But a closer look, the surrounding environment told him that this is not a frost mark, but a moonlight.
The moonlight inevitably attracted him to look up, and a round of Juan Juan Su Ling hung in front of the window. The space in autumn night is so bright and clean! At this time, he was fully awake. The moon in autumn is especially bright, but it is very cold.
For lonely and distant travelers, it is the easiest to touch their yearning for autumn, which makes people feel depressed and the years fly by. Staring at the moon is also the easiest way to make people daydream, think of everything in their hometown and their relatives at home.
Thinking, thinking, head gradually lowered, completely immersed in meditation. From "doubt" to "looking up" and from "looking up" to "bowing down", the poet's inner activities are vividly revealed, and a vivid picture of homesickness on a moonlit night is vividly outlined.
Just four poems, written fresh and simple, clear as words. Its content is simple, but it is also rich.
This is easy to understand, but it is endless. The poet said nothing more than what he had already said.
Its conception is meticulous and profound, but it is also blurted out without trace. From here, it is not difficult for us to understand the wonderful scenery of "nature" and "no work and no heart" in Li Bai's quatrains.
3. Excuse me, how to appreciate ancient Chinese, as well as classic ancient Chinese sentences and a poem? What do you admire? Through teaching practice, the author finds that the four-step appreciation method of "reading, understanding, combining and concluding" is more effective.
First, reading "reading" is the only way to get most of the first-hand materials (perceptual materials) from the text. For poetry, "reading" is particularly important, because the first-hand materials obtained by reading poetry are the premise of appreciating poetry.
How to read? You can set up a situation in advance, so that students can read aloud in a certain situation, which can be either a happy situation or a sad situation, so that students can read beautiful poems in a happy situation and bold or idyllic poems in a sad situation. You can also choose the same or completely opposite poems that you have read in advance and compare them.
The forms of reading are flexible and diverse, and they can be used as long as they are conducive to poetry appreciation. Such as slow reading, fast reading, slow reading, cadence reading, close your eyes, stare, shake your head, etc.
The purpose of reading is to read the rhythm of poetry, the artistic conception of poetry and the poet's mood (emotion). For example, only by reading the word "Yu Meiren" written by Li Yu, Queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, can we grasp the priorities of its tone and rhythm and understand the poet's mood.
In particular, the words "There was an east wind in the small building last night, so my country couldn't bear to look back at the bright moon" and "How much sorrow is like a river flowing eastward", you can't grasp the length of luck without reading, and you can't know the emotions without reading. At the same time, through reading, we can also firmly grasp the important words (keywords-poetic eyes or word eyes) and specific images in poetry.
For example, the word "you" (key word) in "The East Wind in the Small Building Last Night" and the "bright moon" (image) in "The Old Country is unbearable to look back". "Reading" is the first step to perceive poetry, so that students can feel the outline of poetic artistic conception and the author's emotion. Although vague, it laid the foundation and guided the direction for the in-depth appreciation of poetry.
Second, enlightenment "enlightenment" is a rational thinking process based on the first-hand materials obtained from "reading". Through enlightenment, we can more specifically grasp the artistic conception of poetry, the author's mood and other appreciation contents, so this step is more important.
So, "aware" of what? Understand the imagery and key words (poetic eyes or word eyes) in poetry. 1. Before students know the image, they must first make clear what role the poetic image plays in poetry, so that they can become blind and targeted in the process of understanding.
The function of poetic imagery is exactly the same as that of scenery description in prose. Generally, it has the following functions: creating an atmosphere (such as the sentence of "maple leaves and rushes rustling in autumn" in Pipa, creating a desolate and lonely atmosphere when leaving friends), borrowing scenery to express feelings (this is the usual trick in poetry, and the scenery described in poetry generally has this function), and shaping the background or environment (this). That is, through the combination of multiple images-image group, it provides the background or environment for the activities of the characters. This role is often used in landscape poems and frontier poems, such as "The Dark Snow Mountain in Qinghai" in Wang Changling's Joining the Army, which is different from "Shaping the Background or Environment". Artistic conception is the realm and artistic conception expressed by the author by extracting some specific scenery from natural scenery to describe it. It shows readers a three-dimensional picture, with the purpose of giving people an immersive feeling.
For readers, only by "approaching" or "entering" can they perceive the beauty of the realm and the author's emotion. For example, "Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream", "Sunset lingers at the ferry, and the smoke from the kitchen rises from the house after supper", "Lonely smoke in the desert, the long river sets the yen", "Autumn water * * * the sky is one color, and the sunset is lonely in Qi Fei" and "Thousands of miles away, the sunset is lonely in the city" are all poems with far-reaching artistic conception, which set off the character or character (this one. Such as snow, bamboo, plum, pine, crane, lotus, Zhong Ping, goldwind and Yulu. , set off the noble character, strong character and pure emotion of the characters, and set the emotional tone (for example, the first three sentences of Liu Yong's Rain Bell, "Chill, the pavilion at night, the shower begins to rest", set the bleak tone for the whole poem), and set off the scenery. The warm scenery sets off the cold scenery-"The sun is tempered by pine trees", the bright scenery sets off the dark scenery-"Where the sunshine enters a small forest and shines back on me from the moss", the full scenery sets off the empty scenery-"The word geese return and the moon is full in the West Building", and the material language (or material state) sets off the artistic conception-"Abandoning trees in the pond, still talking about soldiers' fatigue" and so on. ), and the scenery sets off feelings (this role in poetry
For example, in Li Bai's Spring Thoughts, the phrase "Your northern grass is as blue as jade, and my mulberry leaves are as green as silk branches" is to use the blue and green of mulberry grass to set off the strong feelings of thinking, and the words "silk" and "branches" are homophonic with "thinking" and "knowing" respectively. There are also sad scenes to set off sadness, happy scenes to set off happiness, or happy scenes to set off sadness. For example, Du Fu's poem "Ascending the Mountain" sets off sadness with a sad scene, while his poem "A Bird Crossing the River" sets off sadness with a happy scene.
Of course, these functions are not independent in poetry. In a poem, all functions may be combined, which requires us not to lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another. With many functions of images, it seems reasonable to understand images, but how to understand them? First find out the individual image or image group in the poem, and then try to figure out the perception.
If it is an individual image, we must appreciate it with humanistic feelings. For example, the individual image "Chao" in Liu Yuxi's poem "Stone City" must be endowed with humanistic feelings when appreciated.
The feeling of "tide" always comes and goes. When I came, it seemed very intense and wild, full of a kind of * * *. When it comes back after slamming into the coast or exhausting all its strength along the beach, it looks calm and seems a little weak or depressed or lost. In this regard, we can imagine: what do you want to ask for or vent when the tide comes? Is it satisfied or cold when you go back? You can know it by combining the "lonely back" behind it.
It can be inferred that the author used the tide to contrast the desolation and cold of the "old country".
4. What are the methods and skills to appreciate classical Chinese and ancient poems? Find out the source and the time and place where this article happened first, and then read it again. The general idea of classical Chinese is similar to that of modern vernacular Chinese, but some words need special explanation. After understanding the main idea, use special words to make a reasonable explanation. Example: the deceased is like a husband! Don't give up day and night . . This sentence comes from The Analects of Confucius. Confucius looked at the mighty and gushing river on the bank and said, "The deceased is like a husband, staying up all night." Since it refers to the river, it must refer to the dead. Leave. . Rufu, like this rushing river, never gives up day and night. . This means that time flows day and night like this leaving river. It means that time flies like an arrow, just as the Yangtze River rolls eastward and the waves wash away heroes. It is used to show that time is precious.
Poetry is used to vividly express someone's mood at a certain moment, and it is also necessary to know when and where words appear. . Li Bai was about to go by boat when he heard singing on the shore. Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. It was freehand brushwork, which happened when Wang Lun saw Li Bai off. Li Bai was about to leave by boat, and Li Bai was about to leave by boat. Suddenly I heard someone singing on the shore, and the peach blossom pool was deep in thousands of feet. It turns out that the water in this place is called Taohuatan, which should be full, not as deep as Wang Lun sent me, but not as deep as Wang Lun sent me. . . Just answer it like this.
5. Methods and skills of appreciating classical Chinese and ancient poems. First, to judge whether the added words are correct or not, which words should I focus on and how to train myself to answer this question in the complicated translation of content words in ancient Chinese.
Several methods are used: exclusion and substitution (substituting the explanation given after it into the original text to see if the sentence is correct, and if it is incorrect, it is wrong) and reasoning (pushing with glyphs-that is, looking at the meaning revealed by the writing structure of the word, pushing with grammar-that is, analyzing the sentence components that the word acts as to get its part of speech, and pushing with context-that is, understanding the meaning of the word in combination with the contextual meaning of the text).
Second: add some words with the same meaning and usage. In this question, I should focus on which words to compare and analyze.
You have to master the meaning and usage of 120 notional words 18 function words that are often tested in the college entrance examination, and use the method I mentioned above.
Third: classical Chinese, reading comprehension is the key. How can we improve the level of classical Chinese in just 8 months and only practice questions every day? I tried, but unlike junior high school, I have too many things to recite. What should I do?
Memory 120 function words 18 function words. Of course, memory is secondary to understanding.
As long as you are willing to work hard, classical Chinese can be improved quickly. You still have eight months to have confidence in yourself.