On the Language Features of Mulan Poems
Mulan Poetry/Mulan Ci
Southern and Northern Dynasties: Anonymous
Chatting, Mulan is knitting at home. I can't hear the loom, but I hear the woman sigh. Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember. Last night, I saw the military post, and Khan ordered more soldiers. The military books have 12 volumes, all with the names of lords. Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no big brother, and she is willing to be a pommel horse, so she will sign for him from now on.
Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whip in the north. When I said goodbye to my parents, I was by the Yellow River at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing. Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard Yanshan Hu riding a horse.
Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying. The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. Policy 12 turn, before reward 100. Khan asked him what he wanted. Mulan doesn't need Shang, but she is willing to send her son to his hometown.
Hearing the news of my daughter, I went out to help Guo; As soon as Sister A heard that Sister Mei was coming, she had to cut her red makeup. When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door, sit in my West Pavilion bed, take off my wartime robe and wear my old clothes. When the window is decorated with clouds, the mirror is yellow. When I went out to meet the fire companions, I was both surprised and busy: I spent twelve years together, but I didn't know Mulan was a girl.
Male rabbits have messy feet and female rabbits have blurred eyes; When two rabbits walk side by side, can I tell if I am a male or a female?
Language features:
Mulan poetry has a unique style of Yuefu folk songs. Opening questions and answers are common in folk songs. The language of Mulan's poems is vivid and simple, with few carvings and axes: "My younger brother hears my sister coming and sharpens his knife to pigs and sheep", which has been circulated for thousands of years and is still a spoken language that people relish; Except for the elegant six sentences in Wanli Qurongji, the rest have retained the form and style of folk songs, and the use of chain, question and answer, parallelism and overlap is almost the same as that of folk songs. And the language is rich and colorful. As far as the original rhyme is concerned, most of Long Yuefu's poems change rhyme every few words, and rarely rhyme to the end. Only in this way can the syllables of the performed songs be complicated and changeable. "Mulan Poetry" has changed seven rhymes, which can also be said to be seven kinds of songs: "Haw, haw, haw ... women have no memory"; "I bought a saddle in the west market ... but I heard the Yellow River splashing"; "the night stays on the black mountain ... but I listen to Yanshan Hu riding a horse"; "Wan Li went to Rongji ... a strong man returned in ten years"; "The son of heaven sat in the hall ... I didn't know Mulan was a girl"; "Mother rabbit's eyes are blurred ... can Ann tell whether I am a man or a woman? "This is equivalent to writing seven songs under one topic. The difference is that this is a complete song. The number of sentences in each rhyme of many folk songs is relatively neat, while the number of sentences in Mulan's poems is rather uneven. Because it was once sung by musicians, it was included in Yuefu songs of past dynasties, and until now there are still storytellers singing Mulan poems.
translate
Sighs came and went, and Mulan was weaving against the door. There was no sound of loom weaving, only Mulan sighed. Ask Mulan what she is thinking. Ask Mulan what she is thinking. (Mulan answers) I didn't think anything, nothing. I saw the draft documents last night and learned that the monarch was recruiting on a large scale. There are so many conscription documents, each with his father's name on it. My father has no eldest son, and Mulan (I) has no brother. Mulan was willing to go to the market to buy saddles and horses for this, so she began to fight instead of her father.
Harnesses can be bought everywhere in the market. I left my parents the next morning and camped by the Yellow River at night. I can't hear my parents calling my daughter, I can only hear the sound of the Yellow River flowing. Leave the Yellow River on the road the next morning and arrive in Montenegro in the evening. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the chirping of Hu Bing's war horses in Yanshan.
It's not far from Wan Li to go to the battlefield, and it's as fast as flying over mountains and mountains. The sound of knocking came from the cold in the north, and the moonlight reflected the armor of the soldiers. Soldiers fought many wars, some died for their country, some fought for many years and returned home in triumph.
When he returned victorious, he appeared in front of the emperor sitting in the palace. I have made great contributions to Mulan, and I have received two hundred gold, and more. When the emperor asked Mulan what she wanted, Mulan said that she didn't want to be a businessman, but wanted to ride a swift horse back to her hometown.
Parents heard that their daughter was back and helped each other to meet her outside the city; When my sister heard that she was back, she dressed up in front of the door. My brother heard that my sister came back and was busy sharpening the knife and killing pigs and sheep. Every room opened and went in to have a look. They took off their battle clothes, put on the clothes of girls before, arranged their beautiful hair in front of the window and mirror, and hung decorations on their faces in front of the mirror. When I went out to see the fire companion who was fighting together, the fire companion was surprised. After walking together for several years, they didn't even know Mulan was a girl.
When the rabbit's ears are hanging in mid-air, the front foot of the male rabbit is always moving, and the eyes of the female rabbit are always narrowing, so it is easy to tell. The male rabbit and the female rabbit run side by side. How can we tell which rabbit is male and which is female?
Expansion: the artistic characteristics of Mulan's poems
1 Depict "magical" characters and create immortal artistic images.
Mulan Poetry is a heroic hymn, which successfully shaped the heroine image of Mulan. The works show Mulan's heroic spirit. She does not advocate the noble quality of fame, but loves the wishes of the common people in her hometown. Mulan embodies the virtues of working people. Mulan used to be a hardworking and kind civilian woman. In order to save her elders, she resolutely disguised herself as a man and joined the army instead of her father. How bold she was in the feudal society where men were superior to women two thousand years ago. She abandoned being immersed in love, crossed numerous mountains and bravely came to the front line, which was in sharp contrast with the woman who was "embroidering upstairs and staying indoors" in ancient China. She went through many battles for ten years and returned home in triumph after defeating the enemy. Only then did her companions discover that she was a girl. After the war, she changed from an ordinary girl to a brave general. However, she didn't ask for a reward for her success. She just wanted to go home and reunite with her relatives and resume her work and life as a family weaver. This paper describes Mulan's unusual modality of "only listening to women sigh" when knitting; Crossing "I can't smell the female voice, but I can smell the flowers of the Yellow River;" I don't know the voice of my grandfather and mother calling for women, but I hear Yanshan riding and chirping. After returning home, "open my east pavilion door and sit on my west pavilion bed;" "Take off my wartime robe and put on my old clothes; A series of actions, such as decorating the window with clouds and painting the mirror yellow, show Mulan's rich inner world delicately and truly. In a word, the article creates a female hero image who is smart, brave, determined, simple, not greedy for fame and fortune, and loves her hometown.
2 the combination of realism and romanticism.
This is a major artistic feature that distinguishes Mulan's poems from other Yuefu folk songs in the Northern Dynasties. The first part of Mulan's poem-Mulan decided to join the army and hastily armed herself, and made a ten-year long March, is to write about the sufferings brought by the war to the people from different angles and condemn the evils of the war: "Haw, haw, haw, Mulan is a family weaver. I can't hear the loom, only the woman's sigh. " Sigh reveals people's pain and helplessness; Twelve volumes of the art of war, each with the name of the Lord ",elderly people are not immune, writing the suffering reality of heavy military service burden;" When I say goodbye to my parents, I will stay by the Yellow River at dusk. I can't hear my parents calling for women, but I hear the Yellow River splashing ... ",expressing the people's desire to hate war and long for peace. "The crescent moon is covered with gold, and the cold light is made of iron clothes. The general died in hundreds of battles, and the strong man returned ten years later. "Write about the long-term and harshness of war. In the part where Mulan joined the army, the author adopted a realistic creative method. The second half of Mulan's poems-refusing to be reunited with her hometown and writing about Mulan's wishes and ideals-warmly yearns for a peaceful and peaceful life. This part adopts the romantic creative method. After reading Mulan's poems, we think calmly and rationally that Mulan is not an ordinary woman who has never practiced martial arts or studied at home. It's a miracle that she came back alive after a long and fierce war. She not only came back alive, but also made great contributions, was officially appointed as a minister, and was reunited with her family. In the painful reality of "there is no bird to bury in the wild" and "there is no bone to bury in the narrow valley", this is undoubtedly a romantic dream, and it is the idealistic color that the author deliberately exaggerates. Mulan's poems did not indulge in the reality of blood and tears, but got rid of the shackles of heavy reality, lit the ideal torch in the dark reality of hell, and made people see hope in the dark. It not only writes what real life is like, but also gives people a fresh force. The ideal written in Mulan's poems is so bright, warm and sweet. Hegel said: "Beauty is the perceptual expression of ideas.
Mulan Poetry dares to transform real life materials according to the perceptual concept. It not only reveals the essence by individual appearance and chance, but also reveals the essence by phenomenon. It also combines the beautiful feelings of love and hate in the description, which embodies the lofty moral and aesthetic quality. From noble feelings, there are brilliant poems. The author illuminates the description object with his own ideal brilliance, and even carries out some transformation to make this article stand out. The first part of Mulan Poetry is about reality, and the second part is about ideals. It not only writes about suffering, but also about hope. It combines realistic creative methods with romantic creative methods, expresses the ideals of the people ravaged by long-term war, and shouts out the voices of the people and the strongest voice of the times. This is one of the important reasons why it occupies a dominant position in the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties. Mulan's poems are known as one of the "double walls of Yuefu" because Mulan's poems not only describe the sufferings brought by the war to the people, but also describe the people's ideals and aspirations. There are both realistic and romantic creative methods.
3 concise and appropriate, appropriate details, emitting extraordinary splendour.
Mulan Poetry is a typical work that is both simple and complicated. Sometimes it's complicated and it spills ink. Sometimes use Jane, cherish ink like gold. Where a large number of strokes are used, the author gives a detailed description. Mulan was full of worries and sighs when she was weaving. After several inquiries, she told the reason: Mulan had no intention of weaving, because Khan recruited troops on a large scale and found her father's head, so she could not escape. Her father is old and weak, and Mulan has no brother. After careful consideration, she decided to dress up as a man and join the army instead of her father. The description here is extremely detailed, explaining why Mulan joined the army instead of her father. When she was ready to pack, Mulan went to the market and bought battle saddles in a hurry. When I went to the battlefield, it took me only two days to bid farewell to my parents. I crossed the Yellow River and arrived at the destination of Heishantou, exaggerating the route of Mulan's expedition. It was a long journey, marching in a hurry, and repeatedly using "I didn't smell it ... but I smelled it ...", which set off Mulan's yearning for her loved ones when she left home, and the farther she left home. Ten years later, Mulan resigned and went home, reunited with her relatives, restored her daughter's costume, and was happy and excited. These contents, the author spared no effort to describe in detail, can be described as splashing ink into the water.
4 Repeated use of contrast, suggesting its implied meaning
Contrast is an artistic technique repeatedly used in Mulan's poems. It is implicit but different from obscurity. It is not for obscurity. Authors always use symbols, hints, metaphors, comparisons, sustenance, hints and comparisons to reveal the deep meaning of their works. Mulan's poems are divided into two parts. The first part describes the reality: Mulan disguised herself as a man, joined the army for her father and condemned the war; The second part describes the ideal: Mulan came back from the war and went back to her hometown to pursue a peaceful and peaceful life. Compare the two parts and understand the main idea of the article from the perspective of "condemning war and loving peace". Hua Mulan's thought of love and hate is reflected in the contrast of "sighing before the war and returning to China with joy". Mulan said goodbye to her parents and stayed by the Yellow River at dusk. She didn't hear her calling a female voice, but she heard the Yellow River splashing. Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk, but I can't hear my parents calling out a female voice, only hear Yanshan riding. "In contrast, Mulan's opposition and longing are all evident in her emotions. Compared with Mulan's desire to send her children back to her hometown, the working people's desire for a peaceful and peaceful life and the feudal intellectual's ideal of "Wan Li seeking a title", there is a clear distinction between them.
Intertextuality enriches the content of the article.
"Intertextuality", also known as intertextuality, refers to a rhetorical device that the upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence seem to be unrelated, but in fact they are intertwined, complementary and interpenetrating to express the meaning of a complete sentence. Throughout the article, the author uses a lot of intertextuality to make the theme more profound. For example, "the general died after hundreds of battles, and the strong man returned in ten years" means that the general and the strong man fought many battles, some died unfortunately, and some returned in triumph, instead of "the general died after hundreds of battles, and the strong man returned in ten years". There are many such intertextual sentences in the poem, such as "Looking at the clouds from the window will make the mirror yellow", and the actions of "looking at the clouds" and "pasting yellow" are all done when looking at the mirror from the window. Another example is "buy a good horse ... whip in the oriental market", "open my Dongting gate and sit on my Xiting bed" and so on. In addition, the whole poem is written in spoken language, with a strong flavor of life. For example, the use of onomatopoeic words such as "haw", "splash", "Jojo" and "Jojo" is simple and natural; The new words "Grandpa", "Sister" and "Khan" are all the characteristics of popular literature, which are natural and smooth and need no carving. The whole poem is lively, fresh and vigorous, without losing the characteristics of folk songs, and it is worthy of being an excellent poem that has been popular for thousands of years.