According to Zhu Yuanzhang's logic, the place where the emperor lived should be the place where the emperor lived, and the place where Zhang Shicheng lived in Gao Qi was also called the place where the emperor lived. Isn't this all wet? Is it just another "different picture"? In the current words, it is "ulterior motives." If you really want to add to the crime, why not stick to it! So, why did Zhu Yuanzhang seize Gao Qi's "small plait" and rush to kill him? According to "Biography of Gao Qi in Ming Dynasty", "It's ironic that the emperor didn't send poems when he started writing them." In other words, the sensitive words in Liang Wen are only the fuse of Gao Qi's murder, and the real curse has already been buried. Zhu Yuanzhang used this as a reason to sharpen his knife and kill people without blinking an eye. Obviously, he is "settling accounts after the fall".
Zhu Yuanzhang didn't like Gao Qi from the beginning, not only because Gao Qi refused to accept the position of right assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, but also because his poems touched and offended Zhu Yuanzhang many times, intentionally or unintentionally. Gao Qi once wrote a poem called "The Picture of a Maid-in-waiting": "A little dog barks and shadows separate the flowers. Who will come to the palace at night? " This is a casual book aimed at the privacy of Yuan Shundi Palace, which has nothing to do with the Palace in the early Ming Dynasty, but Zhu Yuanzhang just sat in the right position and thought that Gao Qi was mocking himself by borrowing ancient times, so he held a grudge. Furthermore, Gao Qi's poem "I don't smell Long Hudou" in Song of the Autumn Son was very disliked by Zhu Yuanzhang. Because when Gao Qi wrote this poem, Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng were "miserable" at a time when Zhu Yuanzhang was at war with the Yuan Army. In Zhu Yuanzhang's view, you Gao Qi, as a poet, didn't come to cheer, but turned a blind eye. How do your politics, thoughts and actions keep a high degree of consistency with Ming? In addition, there is a sentence in Gao Qi's poem "Not willing to bend over for five buckets of rice", which shows that he has no interest in being an official, which is exactly what Zhu Yuanzhang envied.
Zhu Yuanzhang's murder is not only the destruction of those who helped him to conquer the world, but also the destruction of the literati. Far away, just saying "four outstanding figures in the early Ming Dynasty" was all spared by his black hand. Yang Ji was inexplicably punished as a coolie and finally died in the factory; Changyu was tied up and thrown into the Yangtze River to feed the fish, with no bones left; Xu Ben was imprisoned and persecuted to death because he did not reward the army in time; Gao Qi was beheaded alive and died the worst.
A poet who has been jealous and cared for by the emperor for a long time will be doomed to life sooner or later. In particular, a poet with noble personality and arrogance like Gao Qi met a cruel emperor like Zhu Yuanzhang at an inappropriate time and was called "the first butcher of China" and only got a knife.
Lv Mian, a student of Takasaki, recalled that when Takasaki and Wang Yi were sent to Nanjing, "many people were afraid of losing their souls, but Mr. Wang was not alone. I can't stop singing on the way away. There is a saying that' the north of Qiao Feng is full of trees and grass, and ten pedestrians don't return it',' I know I'm innocent, but I just want Yangtze River to learn this' "
According to relevant historical records, when Gao Qi was executed, Zhu Yuanzhang personally went to supervise the execution, which is rare in history.
Zhu Yuanzhang probably wanted to see with his own eyes how this uncooperative, faceless scholar who satirized himself with poems many times died bit by bit. The cruelty of the "butcher emperors" of past dynasties is nothing more than this. Gao Qi didn't die immediately after being beheaded. He fell to the ground, dipped his hand in his own blood with the strength of half his body, and wrote three bright red and dazzling "miserable" words in a row. The Gao Qi incident was the price that the literati had to pay for not attaching themselves to the imperial court in the early Ming Dynasty. It can be said to be an example of Zhu Yuanzhang's killing the enemy.
Gao Qi was born in a wealthy family. His parents died when he was a child, and he was alert by nature. He read a book and couldn't forget it for a long time. He is particularly good at history and loves poetry. He often studied poetry with Changyu, Xu Ben and Song Ke, and was known as "Ten Friends of the North". Together with Song Lian and Liu Ji, he is called the great poet in the third day of Ming Dynasty. At the same time, it was called "Four Masters in Wuzhong" with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben, and critics compared it to "Four Masters in the Early Ming Dynasty" at that time. He was also one of the top ten gifted scholars in the early Ming Dynasty.
There was chaos in the world at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and Zhang Shicheng was ruled by Tachileik. Huainan Province participated in politics Rao Jieshou Wuzhong, and learned about Gao Qi's talents with a ceremony of being a scholar. He was invited many times, expanded as a guest and recruited as a staff member. Gao Qi is only 16 years old, and he hates officialdom. At the age of 23, he left with an excuse, took his family to his father-in-law, Zhou, and lived in seclusion in Qingqiu on the Wusong River, so he named himself Qingqiuzi and wrote Qingqiuzi Song.
In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Gao Qi * * * entered the DPRK and was awarded editing by the Hanlin Academy. With his talent, he was appreciated by Zhu Yuanzhang and ordered professors to edit the history of the Yuan Dynasty.
Gao Qi is a detached Geng Jie, whose thoughts are based on Confucianism and influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. He hates state affairs and does not envy fame and fortune; So in the autumn of the third year of Hongwu (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang proposed to appoint him as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, but he refused to accept his resignation and was given a gold release; But Zhu Yuanzhang suspected that his poems satirized himself and made him jealous. Gao Qi returned to Qingqiu and became self-sufficient by teaching.
Wei Guan, the magistrate of Suzhou, restored the old base of the government, and Gao Qi wrote Liang Wen for this purpose; Because the old government base was originally the site of Zhang Shicheng Palace, someone falsely accused Wei Guan of disloyalty and Wei was punished. Gao Qi also suffered a collective punishment and was beheaded and died.
Literary Achievement Gao Qi was famous for his poems when he was young, and he was also called "Four Outstanding Writers in Wuzhong" with Yang Ji and Zhang Yu. In literature, Gao Qi can be said to be a genius, a "super imitation show" in the literary world, learning what is what. Ji Xiaolan praised Gao Qi in the Summary of Sikuquanshu, saying that "a genius is superior to a poet in Ming Dynasty, and his poems are similar to those in the Tang and Song Dynasties of Han, Wei, Six Dynasties, and the ancients have their own strengths. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the habit of fiber farming returned to the right, which was really fierce. However, Gao Qi's literary thought advocates taking the method of Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. This kind of imitation is by no means a mere formality and representation, let alone a simple copy and deletion. Instead, he learned from the past and became a family, thinking that he should "learn from others, imitate with the times, keep pace with the times, and become a family of his own, so as to be generous and avoid the disadvantages of his husband's paranoia" (Preface to Duan Ji).
Gao Qi's greatest achievement in literature was that he independently shouldered the burden of developing poetry under the unfavorable environment that romantic novels and operas were the mainstream culture in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, which changed the flashy poetic style since the end of Yuan Dynasty and promoted the continuous development of poetry. But he died young and never achieved his goal of becoming a family.
Gao Qi has a gift for poetry, and his poems are fresh and extraordinary, bold and heroic, and he is especially good at seven-character songs. His poetry system is different and his styles are diverse, and there are traces of imitation in learning the styles of Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. But he is brilliant, gentle and has many excellent poems. He is one of the best poets in the Ming Dynasty.
Gao Qi has only been an official for three years and has lived in the village for a long time, so there are some descriptions of farmers' working life in his poems, such as herding cattle, fishing, sericulture, shooting ducks, logging, threshing wheat, picking tea, Tian Jiaxing and watching mowing grass. These poems do not idealize rural life, but reflect class exploitation and people's sufferings to some extent. For example, "Huzhou Song sent Chen Taishou" wrote: "The grass is vast and the water is gurgling. Go to Tian Wu, go to the next field, and Nakata has a cow's tail, which is not enough to lose official business. Hou Laisong shook his head and listened to Nong try to sing Huzhou songs. Huzhou song, quietly ended, a few sad months. " Other poems, such as "Training the Old to Hide Farmers", "Crossing the Fengkou Battlefield", "Smelling spearmen leaving Yuecheng at night to invest in mountain niches" and "Dashui", also describe the sufferings of farmers and soldiers under natural and man-made disasters. These works are the essence of Gao Qi's poetry.
Nine times out of ten, Gao Qi's poems are written by individuals, expressing feelings, traveling around and rewarding friends. This kind of poetry is sometimes slightly ironic to the ruling class. For example, the seven clouds in the five ancient "Feeling" said: "The road is straight, and the end of the road is dangerous. A glass of wine is out of the lungs and liver, and it is doubtful for a moment. Tian Pai Dou Ying and Zhao Gao falsely accused Reese. Dumping a large number of fakes, the right to spoil the real disaster base. " Exposed the internal contradictions of the ruling class. Another example is the third chapter of "Three Chapters of Taibai" after he became an official: "The master of Xinfeng is not careless, and the slave also has the bone to seal the Hou." In fact, it is a mockery of the nouveau riche in the Ming Dynasty. However, Gao Qi's thought is more complicated, and he also wrote many poems that thanked the emperor and lived in seclusion, which failed to get rid of his own class limitations.
Gao Qi's poems have certain artistic features. First of all, some of his poems advocate realism and describe the scenery in detail. Such as "Jiang Huanglian Zhu fog, wild white full of Tian Bing"; "Birds peck dead poplars, while insects lightly hang leaves"; The words "a dog follows the spring □ a woman, and a chicken calls a plowman" are novel and realistic, and all come from the true feelings of life. Secondly, pay attention to implication and have a long lasting appeal. For example, "Ditching Ballad": "The ditch is deep, and there are ten searches; This ditch is very wide, 80 feet. It's not hard to dig canals, and the Yellow River has opened more than 1000 feet. I can't see you, Jia Shangshu. " In just a few words, it came to an abrupt end, giving people a profound aftertaste. Thirdly, there are not many allusions, trying to be fluent, and some small poems with only a few sentences are mostly folk songs. For example, the song "Four o'clock at Midnight" (Part II) says: "You can't wear red makeup, and you can go out to Nanhu Road in the evening. I can't bear to return to the ship, and the lotus is like A Lang. " Comprehended as words, it is kind and touching. The creation of these poems is related to being close to the lower class when living in other places. Gao Qi's poetry has a wide influence on the poetry of Ming Dynasty, so that some people regard him as the "crown of poets in Ming Dynasty".
Gao Qi also wrote lyrics, mostly dull and gloomy, not as good as his poems.
His prose is not original, but the story of Shubo Chicken is very brilliant. With concise language, touching plot and legendary Tang Dynasty style, he created a brave image who dared to fight against the gentry.
In view of Gao Qi's great contribution to poetry, not only later generations revered him as "the first poet in the early Ming Dynasty", but also poetry critics in previous dynasties spoke highly of him. Zhao Yi, the "first gifted scholar in Qing Dynasty", praised him as "the first founding poet in Ming Dynasty" in Ou Bei Shi Hua. A generation of great men and poets simply called Gao Qi "the greatest poet of the Ming Dynasty" in their calligraphy works.
Gao Qi's poems were covered with blood, tears and dust, and it was sad to return home after the chaos. In the storm, pear flower falls died, and the Cold Food Festival passed. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, several families will visit graves and be worshipped by future generations. -Gao Mingqi's "Back to the Tomb of Shashi Province" was sent back to the tomb of Shashi Province.
All the clothes are covered with blood, tears and dust. Although the war is over now, I will feel sad when I return home.
In the storm, pear flower falls died, and the Cold Food Festival passed. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, several families will visit graves and be worshipped by future generations. Tomb-Sweeping Day, once again bid farewell to sentimental water and flowers. Because of the beautiful scenery, beautiful scenery, I came to your home unconsciously. -Looking for Hu by Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty
Along the way, I walked through water after water, and the edge of the river was full of flowers.
Because of the beautiful scenery, beautiful scenery, I came to your home unconsciously. There are 300 ancient poems, the green pond grass is full of sunny waves, and the spring scenery has passed the rain. I know people have all the flowers. There are many butterflies in the vegetable field today. -Spring West Garden in Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty
The green pond grass is full of sunny waves, and the spring scenery has passed the rain.
I know people have all the flowers. There are many butterflies in the vegetable field today. There are 300 ancient poems, which are pastoral and lyrical. Read more poems by Gao Qi >>