After a long and anxious wait, millions of college entrance examination candidates will receive admission notices from universities. After studying hard for 12 years, they will finally usher in new struggles and start a different life.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the college entrance examination system was equivalent to the ancient imperial examination system. It can be said that today's college entrance examination system is the fairest means at present, and the imperial examination system more than 1000 years ago is more scientific and fairer than the military rank system of Daqin Empire and the aristocratic gate system since Han Dynasty, which has opened a door for the poor students to realize their ideals and ambitions in life, and the foresight of its founder is amazing. The imperial examination system lasted until the 31st year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1905), which made great contributions to the education policy in ancient China.
However, such a unified imperial emperor who initiated the imperial examination system is the most notorious among many Confucian scholars who benefited from the imperial examination system in later generations. The reason is that the Tang Dynasty, which seized power, deliberately distorted and vilified Emperor Yang Di in order to show its orthodox position and cover up the fact that it supported itself. In order to be consistent with the rulers and show their political correctness, those Confucian scholars are bound to add false information and embellish them.
It is the power of later emperors to vilify the last king of the former dynasty, which opened the twenty-fourth history. All the founding kings fought against unscrupulous bad kings for the sake of heaven, and then ascended the throne with the support of everyone to establish their own kingly paradise. Without exception, the last kings of the previous dynasties were all fatuous and decadent, cruel and murderous, addicted to alcohol, wasting people's money, pleasure and power.
So, is Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang really that miserable?
First, great talent and great achievements.
Yang Di Yang Guang (569-6 14. 08, 1 1), English, was born in Huayin (now Huayin, Shaanxi), the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, and the second emperor of Sui Dynasty.
During his reign, he initiated the imperial examination system, built the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty, built the capital of East China and moved it to Luoyang, and personally conquered Tuguhun and Goguryeo. Promulgate the Great Commercial Law. Change state to county; Change the weights and measures to the ancient style; Change the official system and set up five provinces, three stations, five prisons and sixteen houses.
Yang Guang is the only emperor in the Central Plains who has personally been to the Hexi Corridor. He personally went to Zhangye, Gansu Province to hold the World Congress. At that time, envoys from the Western Regions, West Asia and small countries in the Middle East and Eastern Europe came to worship, which greatly promoted national integration, cultural exchanges between the East and the West and the stability of a unified country.
It can be said that Yang Guang is brilliant. He has a dream of ending the separatist regime and reviving the splendid big country, powerful country and unified country of the Chinese Empire. His foresight and hard work threw many ancient emperors out of several streets.
Second, I am full of enthusiasm, but I was born at the wrong time.
First, outstanding achievements, but the succession is not smooth.
Yang Guang and later Li Shimin are cousins, and their fate is similar, but God doesn't care about him. At the age of 12, he was made King of Jin, and at the age of 13, he became an official of Hezhou. Later, he was appointed General Wuwei and was promoted to Zhu Guo and Hebei Daoxingtai. Chen, who was only 20 years old in the Sui Dynasty, was the commander in chief.
Yang Guang changed his town from Bingzhou to Yangzhou. During the period of guarding Jiangnan, he made great contributions and made outstanding achievements in stabilizing the mutiny situation. At the same time, he showed simple style, not bad manners, courtesy and prudence, and won unanimous praise from the ruling and opposition parties and the favor of Wendi and his wife. He fought in the south and made great achievements, but as the second son, he could not inherit the great unification.
At the age of thirty-one, the contradiction between Wendi and Crown Prince Yong Yang broke out. With the support of the Queen Wen and the right assistant minister, Yang was made a prince.
Second, social unrest and difficulties in internal affairs and diplomacy.
Yang Guangsheng was born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Due to long-term division, warlords have many separatist regimes. It was a chaotic time in which a group of men competed with each other. Although Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty completed the unification in form and established a unified Sui Dynasty, the people's hearts changed and the society was in turmoil, and various governors were ready to move. The minority regime wanted to win the Central Plains more, and the hero didn't really submit to the central dynasty. In this context, the vassals did not really submit to the central dynasty. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty adopted a strict criminal law system, and it is understandable that severe punishment should be used in troubled times. However, the deep-seated social contradictions have not been resolved, and the country has been in a state of civil war.
In order to stabilize the situation and strengthen national defense, Yang Guang actively carried out changes after he acceded to the throne, and eliminated the separatist regimes of various warlords by force, such as personally conquering Tuguhun and levying Koguryo. All these are aimed at consolidating the rule of his central government, but also at expanding the territory and creating a beautiful landscape for future generations of greater China. Moreover, it was precisely because Emperor Yang Di hit Tuguhun and Goguryeo hard that he won a long-term peaceful development at the beginning of the establishment of Datang, laying a solid foundation for its economic development and people's livelihood recovery.
Build the grand canal. It was criticized by the Tang Dynasty for recruiting and mobilizing people's resources, wasting people's money and satisfying Yang Guang's luxury and enjoyment. This is an obvious smear and uglification of Yang Guang. Imagine, at that time, the Western Expedition, Goguryeo's attack to the north, and no military expenses for grain and grass. At that time, there were wars in the north for years, and the people were in a state of chaos. The income of grain and silver is extremely limited, while the southern generation has more money and more food. Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang could only build the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to collect and transport food and grass for the coming war. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is actually the traffic line and lifeline of the United front, and it is by no means the so-called tourist special line to satisfy selfish desires in later generations!
For more than a thousand years, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has played a great role in consolidating national defense and facilitating north-south transportation. How did it become the evidence that Emperor Yang Di satisfied his desires?
Moreover, the completion of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal laid a solid foundation for the rule of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty. It can be said that without Yang Di's painstaking efforts, there would be no prosperity in the later Tang Dynasty.
Third, get rid of the old and innovate, and promote benevolent governance.
Yang Guang revised the law and promulgated the Great Cause Law. Since Yang Guang lived among the people since he was a child, he understood their sufferings, and fought in the south and the north, which helped a large number of lower-level sergeants and civilians. After he ascended the throne, he reformed the harsh laws in the last years of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. This is a great event. It is said that Yang Guang is cruel, but how can he reform the harsh legal system of this country?
It can only be said that Li Yuan deliberately discredited Yang Guang in order to make his teacher famous. "Yang-ti acceded to the throne, with high-impedance forbidden network far-reaching, and troublesome laws, in addition to the ten evils. Where there are five hundred articles, it is eighteen. Within five punishments, more than 200 light sentences were given. It is called Daye Law when it is implemented. "
So, how did the Tang dynasty treat the great cause of the previous dynasty? Completely deny it? Don't! The law of the Tang Dynasty was amended in accordance with the law of opening the emperor and the law of great cause. In particular, the name of a legally prescribed punishment for a crime formulated by the Great Cause Law is almost completely accepted.
Didn't you say that Emperor Yang Di was cruel? How did Datang affirm its own legal system? Perhaps, only Tang Gaozu knows what is going on.
Fourth, the imperial examination takes scholars.
The development of the method of selecting talents in subject examination and the addition of the purpose of advanced studies have created a new era for the country to train and select talents and successfully promoted the long-term development of ancient education.
Third, literary martial arts, but it is difficult to change the fate of failure.
Yang Guang, Emperor of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, was "beautiful but not wise". More than 40 of his poems have been included in Poems of the Sui Dynasty. Famous works that have been handed down to this day include Moonlight on the Spring River, Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, and Gangneung Female Songs. His talent and literary attainments are quite high, and his poems are full of romanticism. If it weren't for Emperor Yangdi, Yang Guang could have left a magnificent chapter in the history of China literature, leading the coquettish and making a name for himself through the ages.
The emperor, who thought he was so romantic, left many well-known poems, but he could not change the fate of being slandered by later generations as the king of national subjugation.
At the same time, Yang Guang's romantic characteristics, he treats the real world full of fantasy and idealism, and then does things in a high-profile manner with an extremely optimistic attitude, does not know how to detour and compromise, and is hard-edged, even a little headstrong.
He expanded territory, stabilized the western border, made Wuwei a big city, had a great influence on other countries, developed trade, enhanced China's national prestige and unblocked the Silk Road. This was done by a generation of powerful monarchs. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, also said with emotion: "At the beginning of the great cause, the Sui Dynasty entered the Turkic world, and its military strength was unheard of since ancient times."
Set up schools, develop education and sort out ancient books. When I was young, when I was a general manager in Yangzhou, Jiangnan, I organized famous scholars to sort out classics. Being an emperor for nearly 20 years, * * * wrote 130 books and 17000 volumes. He also organized people to compile 400 volumes of Changzhou Jade Mirror and Qu Zhi 1200 volumes, which contributed to the preservation of ancient books in China.
However, God will not care for you just because you have lofty aspirations and made some outstanding contributions to future generations. Just like Emperor Wendi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty replaced Zhou Lisui, Li Yuan, the powerful minister at that time, also represented Sui Litang and added posthumous title as "Yang", which was all kinds of uglification and smearing.
This ambitious emperor, who was in office for only 18 years, was killed by his subordinates in the national peasant uprising and warlord scuffle. After he died, even a decent coffin was useless. Hou Yaozong and imperial secretary removed the bed board, made a simple coffin, and secretly buried it in His Royal Highness Liu Zhu of Jiangdu Palace.
The news of Yang Guang's death spread to Luoyang, and the ministers in Luoyang made Yang Dong, the grandson of Yang Guang, the king of Yue, emperor, known as Mao in history. Yang Dong chased Yang Guang as Ming Di, and the temple was named Zu. Dou Jiande, the leader of the peasant army, made Yang Guang Emperor of Fujian. In the same year, Li Yuan forced the puppet You Yang to abdicate, established the Tang Dynasty, and chased Yang Guang as emperor. Soon, the powerful Luoyang minister Wang forced Yang Dong to abdicate, and the Sui Dynasty officially perished.
Wang, which is not the great minister of the Sui Dynasty? However, in the era of the bonfire, instead of treating others condescendingly, it is better to be immune, and everything seems so hypocritical and powerless before the imperial power. The emperor took turns doing it and came to my house this year. Even if you have great talent, why can't you concentrate on the whole, and all your efforts will eventually come to nothing.
Fortunately, Yang Guang laid a solid foundation for the development of the Li and Tang Dynasties, especially his personal expedition to Tuguhun, which not only stabilized the northwest frontier, promoted ethnic integration, but also expanded the territory of China. The construction of the Grand Canal has enabled Datang to have developed transportation, sufficient food and grass, and convenient communication. The establishment of education and the opening of scholar courses have cultivated and reserved a large number of talents for the Li and Tang Dynasties. ...
Fortunately, Yang Guang's failure taught the successors of the Li and Tang Dynasties a lesson, and they had a powerful Tang Empire.
Author's brief introduction Han Shitai, a Tibetan boy born at the beginning of reform and opening up, has been teaching for 17 years, loves education, yearns for poetry and distance, and loves literature. Now I teach in Lanzhou New District.