Ancient poetry and prose have no metrical restrictions (especially ancient prose) and can be created freely.
But Song Ci is not. Song Ci is used to "sing". Every Song Ci has a specific "epigraph". The epigraph is music (pure music), and the literati fill in the lyrics according to the rhyme of music. The "word" of Song Ci is the lyrics of every song. However, due to the long history, the method of playing music (epigraph) has been lost, leaving only the lyrics of each music, which is called "word" in literature.
Because "Ci" is written according to music, each word is based on different "epigrams" and has different restrictions on the number of words, fluency, rhyme and so on, unlike ancient poetry and ancient prose, which can be written at will.
(But later, because many great writers also wrote lyrics, they respected their names and loved their literary colors, so there was a situation in which lyrics came first and then new songs were written according to the lyrics. )
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In fact, there are some differences between ancient poetry and Song poetry in content and style.
The ancients paid attention to morality, and "poetry" is the style of literati's lyric notes, so in content, it is gorgeous and elegant, solemn and implicit.
However, Song Ci was originally a poem full of sound and emotion, with the theme of singing and dancing pavilions, so its style was not as solemn as poetry and prose, and it paid more attention to lingering and meaningful, so there was a saying that poetry had charm in literature.
2. What's the difference between ancient poetry and ancient prose? They are different from modern prose and poetry.
Not much.
Ancient poetry pays attention to the depth of words and the fluency of sentences, and explains the greatest truth with the least words.
The meaning (what the author wants to express) has no dialogue situation.
Classical Chinese emphasizes the depth of words, but it is shallower than ancient poetry. "Wen" means writing an article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.
"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. In ancient times, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
"Classical Chinese" refers to "articles written in written language" which are generally understandable and can have dialogue scenes.
I can understand this in general, and I don't want to read too much.
3. The difference between ancient poetry and classical Chinese. From Chu Ci to Tang Poetry, Song Ci and Yuan Qu, ancient poetry has a relatively fixed language form and strict prosodic requirements.
This makes all kinds of ancient poems catchy and powerful to read. Generally speaking, various forms of ancient poetry have a strong sense of rhythm and rhythm.
This sense of rhythm and rhythm are combined with people's thoughts and feelings to form a specific language atmosphere. As for modern poetry, its beauty is mainly reflected in the novelty of images, which is more in line with the reading habits of most modern readers and easier to create an atmosphere.
In addition, China's modern poetry originated from the vernacular before and after the May 4th Movement and grew up with it. The free form of modern poetry after breaking the rules has always been the basis of its creation.
4. The difference between Tang poetry and Song poetry: From the time point of view, it is generally believed that poetry originated in the Warring States period and ci originated in the Tang and Five Dynasties. For most literati in ancient times, poetry was related to fame and fortune. Scholars write poems as another part of writing articles, which is their main business. Ci is a sideline. Some poets write poems without lyrics, while few people write poems without lyrics. Therefore, Ci also has a name: "Yu Shi"-in the Qing Dynasty, Ci was especially loved by women and children, and several "Qing Ci" appeared. The difference between poetry and ci, Wang Guowei's "Ci on Earth" said: Ci is the body, it should be precise and precise, and it can say what poetry can't say and can't say what poetry can say. Poems are wide and long. "The meaning is obvious. It seems that the gentleman is like this: "In contrast, it gives people the feeling that poetry is correct and words are soft; "On the technique of expression, poetry is straight and lyrics are straight; In terms of sentiment, poetry is obvious and implicit; Gender (source and attribution), poetry male, word female. "
The difference between poetic style and ci style is also reflected in the following five aspects:
1, the difference between it and music
There are great differences in literary characteristics between poetic style and ci style. Let's illustrate the differences in literary characteristics between poetic style and ci style by comparison. First of all, the relationship between poetry and music is different. China's classical poetry had an indissoluble bond with music from the very beginning, but poetry eventually broke away from music, and only after breaking away from music did it become mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated from the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even if the Southern Song Ci no longer completely entered the musical aria, but became a new rhythmic poem, it should still be filled according to the rhythm and tune stipulated in the Ci, and the brand of music cannot be erased.
2. Differences in external forms
The differences in external forms are manifested in sentence patterns, syntax, rhythm, duality and so on.
First of all, from the syntactic point of view, metrical poems are unified, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary; The sentence patterns of words are uneven, but the uneven aria of words is also stipulated by the meter; Secondly, the syntax of poetry is also very different, the metrical poetic style is relatively fixed, and the rhythm is 23 and 223; The syntax of words is flexible and diverse, and one word provokes people to travel thousands of miles; Third, the rhyme rules of poetry are different. Metric poems only use flat rhymes, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not; The word is flat, the rhyme can be changed in the middle and the rhyme foot can be changed, but it is stipulated by the meter; Finally, the antithesis rules of poetry are quite different. The second couplet and the third couplet of metrical poems must be antithetical, but if they are antithetical, they are much more flexible and have no unified requirements. If the foot is right, it can be right or wrong. catch sb's attention
3. Differences in theme and content
The theme and content of poetry are also very different. Poetry mainly focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of people's livelihood, ambition and career ups and downs as the main contents, mainly expressing the feelings of social groups; A striking feature of Ci's theme content is that it mainly describes the difference between men and women and lovesickness, and mostly expresses the author's personal feelings.
4. Differences in language features
Poetry is a typical language art, and Ci is a typical exquisite language art. Mr. Miao Yue once compared the language features of poetry to the elegant gardens of literati and celebrities. It can be seen that because the theme of the word is mostly related to women, the language of the word is also feminine, more light, delicate, delicate and fragrant.
5. Style differences
The differences in poetic styles are briefly summarized as poetic rhyme (Li language in Qing Dynasty), and even works with the same theme and content present completely different styles; And the poetry works of the same writer also present a completely different style. This has a lot to do with the differences in theme content and language characteristics of poetry.
5. The difference between ancient poetry and Song poetry is that ancient poetry is a kind of music literature, and its emergence, development, creation and dissemination are directly related to music. Music related to words is the so-called Yan music, also called feast music. Its main component is a new type of music, which is a kind of music that combines the western region and the folk music since the Northern Zhou Dynasty and Sui Dynasty. Mainly used for entertainment and banquet performances, it became popular in Sui Dynasty. The origin of Le Yan characters can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty. Wang Zhuo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Volume I of Biji Manzhi: "Since Gai's birthday, the so-called composers have gradually flourished and reached the Tang Dynasty." Ci was mainly popular among the people at first, and more than 60 works of/kloc-0 in Dunhuang Quzi Ci Collection were mostly folk songs from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Around the middle Tang Dynasty, poets such as Zhang, Wei, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi began to create ci, and introduced this style into the literary world. In the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, literati ci developed greatly. The humanities in the late Tang Dynasty, as well as the creation of Huajianji, a poet represented by him, and Southern Tang poets, represented by Li Yu and Li Yu, all made important contributions to the maturity of ci style and the establishment of basic lyric style. Ci finally became one of the most important literary genres in ancient China. In the Song Dynasty, the creation of ci gradually became a grand view, and a large number of outstanding ci writers appeared, and famous works emerged one after another, and various styles and schools appeared one after another. The Ci of the whole Song Dynasty contains more than 1330 words and nearly 20,000 words. From this figure, we can infer the grand occasion of creation at that time. Although the origin of Ci is early, the peak of its development is in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, later generations regarded Ci as the most representative literature in the Song Dynasty, juxtaposed with Tang poetry, and came up with the so-called "Tang poetry and Song poetry".
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In the early days, ci was very flashy and popular in street restaurants. For example, Liu Yong offended the emperor at that time because he wrote "and changed his name to shallow singing", and he was depressed and frustrated. He wandered between karaoke bars and brothels all his life, writing lyrics for prostitutes. The so-called "where there is well water to drink, there must be Liu Ci", so that a prime minister of the Song Dynasty (I don't remember the name, it seems that. He denied that he had written all the words before. As we all know, there were many prostitutes in the Song Dynasty, and their level was rare in other dynasties. Together with the literati of the Song Dynasty, they formed the hedonism and vanity culture of the Song Dynasty.
When a dynasty or a country is strong, it means paying equal attention to literature and quality. Here, the article refers to the style of writing or the atmosphere of a society. We know that if a person specializes in reading and learning knowledge, he must be divorced from productive labor and cannot go to war. This was called "cultivating scholars" in the Song Dynasty. After stereotyped writing was established, scholars from all over the world came to drill this thing to gain fame and fortune. To rebel, the more "literary style" a country has, the fewer people will do practical things, and there will be problems in this country. Many people have written poems in the past dynasties, and Song poetry is also very famous. Why is the quatrains named after Tang? Even if the Tang poetry praises the romantic scenery, it also has a simple beauty, revealing the simplicity, roughness and magnificence of this nation, while the Song poetry is more pretentious and grandiose. If a country's culture promotes the development of this country, then it is strong and vital, such as the United States now.
If the pro-Qin policy was adopted in the Han Dynasty, it would be a way to slow down the troops and cultivate interests. But in the Song Dynasty, I don't see what good role it played. It was just a struggle for peace. Some critics even called it "promoting the communication and reconciliation between ethnic groups". I really don't know what it means. If the Japanese destroy China, then comfort women can be regarded as pioneers of national reconciliation, hehe.
In the theory of evolution and history, there is never a "if" or "hypothesis", only a cruel reality. Hehe, the Song Dynasty was wiped out by barbarians, which was the result. The degradation of the personality of the literati group began to show signs from this helpful society.
"Painting in poetry" is a high realm of poetry creation, and it is also a commonly used commendatory term in poetry criticism. The "painting" in the poems here generally includes two aspects, one is form, and the other is color. The phrase "People are thinner than yellow flowers" in Li Qingzhao's "Drunk Flowers" is not only tangible, but also vivid, depicting both a gaunt face and a delicate figure. Compared with the color of yellow flowers, the gaunt, delicate and morbid images in Leap are vividly presented to readers. The poet combined "shape" and "color" into one, creating a seamless poetry. This paper attempts to omit the description of the form of poetry and simply comment on its color. In this way, on the one hand, we can avoid the vivid shape description in poetry from affecting our taste in color, on the other hand, we can temporarily put aside "shape" and understand the rich connotation and artistic charm of color description in poetry more deeply.
6. The difference between Tang poetry and Song poetry lies in the format.
Five-character poems are the most popular genre in the Tang Dynasty, and five-character ancient poems are referred to as five-character ancient poems for short. The five ancient poems in the Tang Dynasty are bold and colorful, which are directly used for narration, lyricism, discussion and scenery description, making their functions play an unprecedented role. Their representative writers are Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei.
Seven-character ancient poems, referred to as seven ancient poems for short, originated in the Warring States period or even earlier. Now it is recognized that the earliest and most complete seven ancient works are Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi.
Year: Three Kingdoms Author: Cao Pi Style: Yuefu autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is like frost, and the geese return to the south. I miss you and your guests, and my heart breaks. I miss my hometown, so why should I leave it for a long time to send it to each other? I am alone in my room, afraid of forgetting my worries, and I don't feel tears on my clothes. Short songs cannot be long. The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance. Why should I restrict the river beam?
Five-character Rhyme, referred to as Five Rhymes, is "Three Hundred Rules of Tang Poetry" published by Xin Mochun, Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty.
One kind. The Five Laws, which originated from the five-character ancient style, are rigorous in style, rich in temperament and profound in meaning, and have become widely used poetry themes in preparation for exams and daily life in the Tang Dynasty. There are countless famous scholars of Five Laws in the Tang Dynasty, among whom Wang Changling, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu and Liu Changqing made great achievements.
Red bean shrubs grow in the south. In spring, they sprout many branches. People who miss them hope to collect more. Mix red bean has attracted people's attention. -Wang Wei's "Acacia"
Seven-character metrical poem, referred to as seven rhymes for short, is a kind of modern poetry, and its metrical requirements are the same as those of five rhymes. The seven laws originated from the ancient style of seven characters, and gradually became large-scale in the early Tang Dynasty until Du Fu was really perfect. Wang Wei, Du Fu, Li Shangyin, Du Mu, Luo Yin, the seven laws of the Tang Dynasty, are excellent, reflecting ancient and modern times.
An overnight berth near Fengqiao [Tang]
An overnight berth near Zhangjifengqiao Calligraphy Gang
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
Tang Shiyun, Pingbian and Dui all pay attention to many things. The beat is rigorous and the rhyme is balanced. Every sentence in Ping Bian has its own rules. Every article must have a Dui, and the location of Dui is also stipulated.
Five words are five words and seven words are seven words. Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five ancient poems, and seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven ancient poems. Five-character poems are referred to as five laws, and seven-character poems are referred to as seven laws; Five-character quatrains are referred to as five-character quatrains, and seven-character quatrains are referred to as seven-character quatrains.
Song ci
Word, a kind of poem. Because it is the lyrics of music and harmony, it is also called tune, Yuefu, music movement, long and short sentences, poetry, piano music and so on. It began in the Tang Dynasty, took shape in the Five Dynasties and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Song Ci is the most distinctive style in Song Dynasty, which has both literary and musical features. Every word has a title called "epigraph", and the lyrics according to the title are called "Yi". The word alias is "long and short sentences".
There are five ways to classify words.
1, according to the length scale, words can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (within 58 words), Middle Tone (within 59-90 words) and Long Tone (above 9 1 word, with the longest word reaching 240 words). A word, some with only one paragraph, is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called three or four sections. 2. According to the nature of music, words can be divided into nine types: ling, yin, slow, three sets, preface, French music, Daqu, lingering and Zhu Gong tune. 3. According to the beat segment, there are four common types: Ling, also known as Xiaoling, whose beat segment is short; Lead, lead long in a small order; Near, the tone is similar, which leads to long; The slower, the longer the lead. 4. According to the creative style, it can be roughly divided into graceful school and unrestrained school. 5. according to the source of the epigraph.
On March 7th, Su Shi was caught in the rain on Hu Sha Road, with rain gear first. My colleagues are in a mess. I don't know yet, so I pretend nothing. Don't pay attention to the beating rain in the forest. Mei sings a long whistle and walks leisurely. Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life. The coolness of spring breeze awakens my wine, and the cold begins to be cold, and the peak of the sun is the sun, but it is satisfied in time. Looking back at the place where I met the wind and rain, going back, for me, there is no wind and rain, but it is still sunny.
The format of words is relatively free, mainly based on melody beauty, and there is no strict format.