Wang Changling (690-756), courtesy name Shaobo, was a famous frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Later generations praised him as the "Seven Masters". He was born in the first year of Wu Zetian's holy calendar (690) and died in the fifteenth year of Xuanzong Tianbao (756). Wang Changling's birthplace is said to be Taiyuan or Jingzhao. "Old Book of Tang" originally said that King Yun Changling was from Jingzhao (i.e. Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), probably because he said in the poem "Farewell to Lipu's Capital": "My hometown is now in the west of Baling", and There is also the work "Ba Shang Leisurely". Many Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty traveled frequently to Luoyang and Chang'an because they were the cultural centers at that time, and some even lived in the capital for many years. We cannot say that they are from the capital just because they lived in the capital. "Heyue Yingling Collection" is a collection of Tang poems compiled by Yin Fan of the Tang Dynasty. It is stated that Wang Changling was from Taiyuan. "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" also believes that Wang Changling was from Taiyuan.
His family was relatively poor. In the 15th year of Kaiyuan, he passed the imperial examination and was awarded the title of Provincial Secretary. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling chose the erudite and macroci subject, which was outstanding among others, so he was changed to the rank of Wei of Sishui County and then to the position of Jiangning Cheng.
About the autumn of the 25th year of Kaiyuan, he was convicted and banished to Lingnan.
In the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north, visited Xiangyang, and visited the famous poet Meng Haoran. Meng Haoran suffered from gangrene and was about to recover. The two were very happy after meeting. Meng Haoran relapsed due to drinking too much and died of it. During this period, Wang Changling got acquainted with the great poet Li Bai. "Poetry, there is also "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyuan sent this message>>. It was a great pleasure for Wang Changling to meet the first-class poets at that time, such as Meng Haoran and Li Bai. Unfortunately, the first meeting with Meng Haoran ended in eternal farewell, and the meeting with Li Bai was on the way to demotion. At that time, Li Bai was exiled Yelang.
In the winter of the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling left Beijing and went to Jiangning to take office. At this time, he had already met the famous poet Cen Shen. Cen Shen wrote the poem "Send Wang Dachangling to Jiangning", and Wang Changling also wrote poems. Stay farewell. When passing through Luoyang, he also made friends with poets such as Qi Wuqian and Li Qi, and they also wrote poems.
Wang Changling was a great poet of his generation, but very little information has been handed down. In addition to being demoted to Lingnan as mentioned above, he was also demoted. The specific time and reason are not clear. Some people think that it was in the autumn of Tianbao Liuzai. "The Biography of Zhan Caizi" said that he "did not pay attention to details during the night, and the slander and discussion were boiling, and he wandered into the wild". "Heyue Yingling Collection" said that he "experienced the wilderness again", and the original biography of "Old Book of Tang Dynasty" also said that he "did not protect his meticulous conduct and was often criticized" and was demoted to Long Biaowei.
What is even more sad and deplorable is that Wang Changling later failed to retain even such a small position as Long Biaowei. He left office and detoured to Bozhou, where he was actually killed by the governor Lu Qiuxiao. "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" records: Wang Changling "returned to his hometown at the time of sword fire, and was killed because of the jealousy of the governor Lu Qiu Xiao. Later Zhang Hao marched to Henan, and during the Xiao Yan period, he killed him, resigned to be close to the old man, and begged for forgiveness. Hao said: "Who does Wang Changling want to marry?" Xiaoda gradually became depressed. Zhang Hao, who had always been sympathetic to the poet, finally avenged Wang Changling.
Wang Changling was a famous poet in the poetry circle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was so famous at that time that he was called "Wang Jiangning, the Master of Poets". Because the name of the poem was written early, he had many friendships with famous poets at that time and had deep friendships. In addition to the friendships with Li Bai and Meng Haoran mentioned above, he also had friendships with Gao Shi, Qi Wuqian, Li Qi, Cen Can, Wang Zhihuan, and Wang Wei. , Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian, etc. all have friendships. Because he was demoted several times, he lived in the remote Lingnan and western Hunan. He also traveled to the more economically developed Central Plains and southeastern regions. He also traveled to the northwest frontier, and may even have been to Suiye (in today's Kyrgyzstan). Because he has rich life experience and extensive contacts, it is of great benefit to his poetry creation. Wang Changling was good at seven-character quatrains and was called the Seven-Character Master by later generations. For example, the poem "Crossing the Fortress": "The Qin Dynasty was a bright moon and the Han Dynasty was a pass, and the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned. But the flying generals of the Dragon City are here, and they do not teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountains." Lamenting the incompetence of the guard general, the artistic conception is broad, the emotions are deep, and there are stories that span the past and the present. The spirit of the poem is indeed a treasure in ancient poetry, and is known as the masterpiece of the seven unique works of the Tang Dynasty. Another example is "Joining the Army", etc., which are also popular masterpieces. "Chang Xin Qiu Ci" and "Xi Gong Spring Resentment", which reflect the misfortunes of the palace maids, have a sad style and outstanding artistic conception. "Brother's Resentment" and "Lotus Plucking Song", etc., which express the feelings of missing a wife and the innocence of girls, are delicate and vivid in writing. Fresh and beautiful. The farewell work "Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower" is also an eternal masterpiece. Shen Deqian's "Tang Poetry Collection" said: "Longbiao quatrains are full of deep feelings and resentment, and their meanings are vague. It makes people unpredictable and endless."
Yan Qiuxiao killed Wang Changling because of his jealousy. It has caused great damage to ancient Chinese poetry and is the eternal sinner of the Chinese nation.
Literati's evaluation:
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Wang Changling was a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Yin Fan's "Heyue Yingling Collection" regarded him as a representative of "character" and praised his poems as "Zhongxing's masterpieces", and the number of poems selected was the highest in the entire collection. All these show his status in the poetry world.
The "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" evaluates Changling's poems as "dense in thought and clear in thought". His Qijue poems are particularly outstanding, and can even be compared with Li Bai's, so he was dubbed the "Sage of Qijue". Number. In particular, his frontier fortress poems are fluent, high-spirited and highly praised by future generations.
The origin of frontier fortress poetry can be traced back to the pre-Qin period. There are quite a lot of frontier poems in the Book of Songs (such as "Xiaoya Departs the Car", "June", etc.).
The development of frontier fortress poems in the Tang Dynasty reached its peak, with a total number of nearly 2,000, reaching the total number of frontier fortress poems of all generations. The Frontier Poetry School, led by Gao Shi, Cen Zhen and Wang Changling, is an important school in Romanticism. Their works on the frontier fortress express the heroic aspirations of galloping on the battlefield and establishing meritorious deeds, express their patriotic thoughts of generously serving in the army, resisting the enemy and resisting insults, and also describe the strange and magnificent scenery of the northwest frontier. At the same time, it also reflects the grievances of conquering a husband and missing his wife, the hardships of soldiers, and the conflicts between various ethnic groups and between generals and soldiers. Frontier poems reflected the reality of all aspects of war in this era and produced many outstanding poems.
Wang Changling's frontier fortress poems fully reflect his patriotism and heroism. In addition, they also deeply contain the poet's humanistic care for the lower class people, reflecting the poet's expanded vision and broad mind. Wang Changling is good at using scenes to describe emotions and blending scenes in his writing style. This is the most commonly used structure in frontier poems, but the poet uses the most concise techniques to expand a broader vision beyond this situation, condensing the most plain and unpretentious theme into something that runs through time and space. Eternal thinking; the most representative one is "Crossing the Fortress" (Qin Shiming Yue Han Shiguan).
Selected Poems of Wang Changling
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Out of the fortress
The bright moon of Qin Dynasty and the pass of Han Dynasty,
The people of the Great Wall have not returned it.
But the flying generals of Dragon City are here,
Don’t teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountain.
Cong Jun March
Qinghai long clouds darken the snow-capped mountains,
The lonely city looks at Yumen Pass in the distance.
The yellow sand will wear the golden armor in a hundred battles,
The Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.
Song Xia (Part 1)
The cicadas sing in the empty mulberry forest, and the road is Xiaoguan in August.
It is cold when it comes out and into the wall, and yellow reeds are everywhere.
We have always been guests in this quiet place, but they are all old and dusty.
Don’t imitate the knight-errant and boast about Ziliu.
Song Xiaqu (Part 2)
Drinking the horse across the autumn water, the water is blocked and the wind is like a knife.
The sun has not gone out on Pingsha, and I can see Lintao dimly.
In the old days of the Great Wall Battle, Xian Yan was in high spirits.
The yellow dust is enough for the present and the past, and the white bones are a mess of wormwood.
Send off Xin Jian at Furong Tower
Entering Wu at night in the cold and rainy night, I see off my guest Chu Shangu in the morning.
When relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, their hearts are filled with ice in a jade pot.
Bouise grievance
The young woman in the boudoir is never worried, and she goes up to the green building with makeup in the spring.
Suddenly I saw the color of willows on the street, and I regretted teaching my husband to look for a title!
Spring Palace Song
Last night the wind opened and exposed the peaches in the well, and the moon was high in the front hall of Weiyang.
Pingyang's singing and dancing are newly favored, and the spring cold outside the curtain is bestowed with brocade robes.
Five poems of Chang Xin's Autumn Poems (Part 3)
Follow the broom and open the Ming Dynasty's Golden Palace, and hang around the ball with a round fan.
The jade face is not as beautiful as the color of a jackdaw, but still carries the shadow of the sun.
Two poems about leaving the fortress (Part 1)
The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the Pass of the Han Dynasty, the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned.
But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and Huma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountain.
Answer to the Governor of Wuling
I can travel thousands of miles with my sword, yet my tiny body dares to speak a single word.
I was once a guest of Daliang, and I lived up to my trust and kindness.
Farewell to Guo Sicang
The green Huai River reflects the door and stays in the owner's heart
The bright moon follows the good spring tide late at night
Autumn Xing
At dusk in the northwest hall, the cool breeze washes the repaired wood.
The book is written at the south window, and the door is always solemn.
The mosses extend the ancient meaning, and the sight and sound become lonely.
If you ask me where I camp, I will cut millet in the cold valley.
Send Ren Wu to Guilin
The drunken boat of Chu Ke will lead him away when he crosses the water.
The mountains separate the two villages, and the moon brings a thousand miles of scenery.
Ji condemns the same as Zian Lun, and you can hear tigers and leopards in remote places.
The cold weather is here in Guilin, and the bitter festival knows the effect.
Collection of Poems by Wang Changling
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Volume 1 (thirty-six questions, forty-one questions):
Changes The Road Is Difficult
Four Songs on the Next Road
Two Songs on the Top
Two Songs on a Journey to the Army
Two Songs on a Young Man
Long Song Xing
Sadness Xing
Ancient Meaning
Singing Song
Yue Nu
Feng Liuyuanyuan was presented to him in Su Taotai's Mansion in Zheng County
Listening to the wind and entering the pine tree, he presented it to Yang Buque
Fengshi Wei Shen Xingzong bought wine from Nanxi and left it as a gift
Zhang Xi gave a gift to Yan Envoy
To Shi Zhao
Qiu Shan sent Chen Chenyan
Leaving Chenshan Pass to the Savage Room in Dieshi Bay and sending Zhang Shiyi
Su Ba went to send a letter to Yu Yu's brother
Ci Ruzhong sent it to Chen Zan Mansion in Henan Province
Walking with the moon in Nanzhai, recalling Shanyin Cui Shaofu< /p>
Answers on behalf of the master of Fufeng
Reward Honglu and Pei, the master of the book, see him in the north tower after the rain [a poem by Gao Shi]
Send Ren Wu to Guilin
Farewell to Pang Shi in the mountains
Stay farewell to Captain Guo of Yique Zhang Shaofu
Send Wei Twelve Soldiers Cao
The Dukes and Qi of Tokyo Prefecture and County Wu Qian and Li Qixiang sent him to Baima Temple to stay.
Send Master Dong Lin Lian back to Lushan [a poem by Liu Shenxu]
Farewell to Yuan Cheng in Wuling
Farewell to Liu Cheng
Farewell to Li Shiliu and Yue Bin in Yueyang
Farewell to brother Cen Shen
Send Liu Shenxu back to collect Hongcijie
Farewell to Baling Liu Chushi
Stayed at Pei's Villa
Qi Shang rewarded Xue with evidence and sent it to Guo Wei [a poem by Gao Shi]
Volume 2 (thirty-four titles, Thirty-four poems):
Ode to History
Miscellaneous Xing
Qiuxing
Zhaixin
Du Tour
Worship at Xiangji Temple and the Pagoda of the Two Holy Monks of Wanhui Ping
Ask Taoist priests about the Book of Changes
Officials visit Zhaoyin Temple
Yannan Pavilion
He Jiuyu gathered in the guest house
Luoyang Wei Liu Yan and Fu Zhugong tea gathering in the guest room on the bank road of Tiangong Temple
Viewing the scenic spots in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Picture
Bashang's Leisurely Residence
Feng Liang's original work
Pei Liu Shu Tang
Listening to the Flute on the River
Autumn in Taihu Lake Evening
Brother Zhao Shisi visited
Passing through Huayin
Made at Jiujiangkou
Made on the way to Daliang
Made on the way
Mountain trek into Jingzhou
Made at Xiaofu Valley Longtan Temple
Duan Youting Gutong
Qin
< p>The first dayMissing the title
Gift to Yu Wenzhongcheng [a smooth poem]
Honghou Yin
Wu Qiqu [a poem] Li Duan's Poems]
Cityside Songs
Difficult Traveling
A Gift to Zhang Jingzhou
Volume Three (Twenty Titles, Twenty Poems ):
Driving out of Chang'an [A poem about the Song Dynasty. ]
Driving to the east of the river
Hu Jia Qu
The guest pavilion of Lu Mansion sent Cui Fengtong
Master He Zhen’s Autumn Night Huaishi Reunion< /p>
Send Li Chu on a tour to Jiangdong
Shayuan Nandutou
Ke Guangling
Master Jing Dongzhai
Sushang figure Tower
Meet Master Ye Cong of Xue Ming Mansion [A poem by Meng Haoran.
]
Visit the Jiao Lian Master
Liu Shenxu will not be here during the Jiangkou period in Sujing
Cold food is ready
Climb high in nine days
p>
Long Live Tower
Summer banquet at the Calyx Tower
Presenting Ouyang to Kuaiji
Gathering with Wang Wei on the wall of Qinglong Temple The Five Rhymes of Renxiongyuan
Dongxi Wan Yue [a poem by Wang Wei]
Volume 4 (seventy questions, eighty-eight poems):
The Song of Chao Lai< /p>
Coming to the Army
Reply to the Governor of Wulingtian
Two poems about Ba Chi
Old Man Hitting Pan
Send Hu Big
Twinkle trees in the monk's room
Send to Guo Sicang
Send to Li Shififteen
Send to Zhang Si
Wulingtian Prefect’s Banquet to Sima Luxi
Send Tan Ba ??to Guilin
Send Liu Fifteen to County
Join the Army for Seven Songs
< p>Two poems for leaving the fortress [the second one is a poem by Li Bai]Two poems for picking lotuses
Two poems for the front of the palace
Spring Palace Song
The Spring Resentment of the West Palace
The Autumn Resentment of the West Palace
Five Autumn Poems of Changxin
Two Brothel Songs
The Brothel Resentment< /p>
Huan Sha Nu
Girlfriendship
Sweet Spring Song
The Flowers and Candles in Xiao Prince Consort’s House
Watching the Hunt
Send Mu Shiyu out of Youzhou
Send Deputy Ambassador Tao
Go to Nanling to answer Huangfu Yue
Send Yue Di to Xijiang
< p>Night Drinking at Cao's House in Li SicangFeasting at Chunyuan
Longbiao Picnic
Listen to the tune of flowing water
Liang Yuan< /p>
Wuling Longxingguan Huang Taoist Room Questions about Yi Yin
Send Wei Er
Farewell to Li Pu in Beijing
Send Di Zongheng
p>Send off Xue Da to Anlu
Send two poems by Xin Jian at Furong Tower
Farewell to Li Pingshi
Farewell to Deputy Ambassador Tao returning to Nanhai
Sending orders to thirteen and returning home on the fifth day
Sending Li Wu
Sending fifteen uncles
Leaving farewell to Guo Ba
< p>Send Dou QiBa Ling sends Li Twelve
Send Pei Tunan
Leave farewell to Sima Prefect
Others in Luxi< /p>
Send off to Cheng Liu
Send to Zhu Yue
Farewell to Xinjian
Send firewood to Shiyu
Send to Wanda Return to Changsha
Send Wu Shijiu to Yuanling
Farewell to Huangfu Wu
Send Cui Canjun to Longxi
Send Judge Zheng< /p>
Send Yao Judi to return to Wu
Send him to Guilin in his third year of high school
Lv Wang [a poem by Li Qi]
Inscribed on Zhu Lianshi’s mountain house
Three Songs from Wuling Kaiyuan Guanhuang Lianshi Academy
Songs of the Old Man on the River
Spring Revenge
Supplement (twenty-nine questions, twenty-nine poems, ten fragments) Three articles):
Visiting the Han Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty for the next week
Serving the seventh brother Yuyu
Going to Tongzhou to envoy Junbo
Farewell
Gift to Li Shiyu
Farewell
Missing topic
Again
Again
Beside the city
The title is Jingyan Shifang
I stayed in Lujiang at night and heard that my old friend had sent a poem to Donglin Temple
The letter was the correct word
Visiting the Qihe Temple with Zhang Zhechong
Mei Taoist Water Pavilion
Going boating in Beijin with Huang Shiyu
Untitled
Dongting Lake Work
Fenghe Lu Ming Mansion held a banquet in Xian Mountain for nine days, Ma Er envoy Jun Cui Yuan Wai Zhang Langzhong
Cold food, lying down and sick, Li Shaofu met Xun
< p>YongqingAutumn Day
Passing Xiangji Temple
I and Su Lu visited Zhangba Temple during the trip, but Su Buzhi did this because of this< /p>
Reward Suiyang Road Prefect for his work
Send Qiao Lin as a gift
Qiu Si
Return to Master Yizhan
Walking in the mountains in search of seclusion
Wang Changling. Joining the army
Sitting alone in the sea breeze at dusk in the Baichi Building in the west of Fenghuo City.
I even play the Qiang flute "Moon over the Mountain", and I don't have to worry about the golden boudoir.