Literary common sense explains the Book of Songs 1. Literary Common Sense of The Book of Songs
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The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems". The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. The Book of Songs contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. Among them, The Wind includes fifteen covers of The Book of Songs.
Folk songs include some places in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and northern Hubei (Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin) today. They are called "Fifteen Kingdoms" and have 160 songs, which is the core content of the Book of Songs. "Wind" refers to rural wind and wind ballads. "Elegance" means elegant music, that is, the music songs of nobles at banquets or princes at meetings are divided into "Elegance" and "Xiaoya" according to the music layout, with a total of 105, including 3 poems of Elegance and 74 poems of Xiaoya. Ode is a sacrificial music, which is divided into 3 1 Zhou Song, 4 truffles, 5 commercial songs and 40 * * *. It is one of the five classics. The Book of Songs has a history of more than 2500 years. The methods of expression in The Book of Songs are divided into Fu, Bi and Xing. Together with wind, elegance and praise, it is called "six meanings" The Book of Songs is mainly composed of four words. There are 3 1 1 poems in The Book of Songs (also known as 300 poems), among which 6 poems are filled with titles and no content, and there are 305 existing poems (both titles and words). During the Warring States period, the ceremony collapsed and the music was broken, and a large number of music scores were lost. The only remaining lyrics were incorporated into the Book of Songs. The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. At the beginning, these poems were all lyrics with music, which kept the combination of ancient poetry, music and dance, but in the long-term circulation, music and dance were lost, leaving only poems.
2. The Book of Songs literature common sense
There are not many poems in The Book of Songs that can determine the specific writing age.
Generally speaking, Fu and Ya came into being earlier, basically in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The national wind was produced in the early and middle spring and autumn period, except for Fufeng and Ernan. As far as the nature of poetry is concerned, "elegance" and "ode" are basically music songs written for specific purposes and used in specific occasions, while "national style" is mostly folk songs.
It is only a part of Xiaoya, similar to the national style. But it must be pointed out that the "folk songs" we are talking about here are just a general term; Its characteristics are just the opposite of the above-mentioned "elegance" and "ode". It is an ordinary lyric song created by an unknown author and circulated in society.
The identity of most folk song writers is not easy to explore. If the identity of the narrator in the poem is regarded as the identity of the author, it includes not only laborers and soldiers, but also a considerable number of people belonging to the "scholar" and "scholar" classes.
At that time, "scholar" belonged to the lowest nobility, and "scholar" was a general term for nobility. In addition, there are many unidentified people.
Therefore, it can only be roughly said that this kind of folk song is a kind of social mass work.
3. Four basic literary knowledge of The Book of Songs
1. There are six sheng poems in The Book of Songs, that is, there are only titles but no contents, which are called six sheng poems (Nan Chang, Bai Hua, Shu Hua, You Geng, Chong Qiu and You Yi).
2. The realistic spirit of "Hungry people sing about their food, while laborers sing about their things" in The Book of Songs and its achievements in artistic creation have had a far-reaching impact on later literature and become the source of realistic poetry creation in China.
3. The Book of Songs is listed as one of the classics by Confucianism, and it is also called the Five Classics with Shu, Li, Yi and Chunqiu.
4. The Book of Songs consists of three parts: wind, elegance and ode. The Wind has fifteen national styles, mostly local folk songs. "elegance" is divided into "elegance" and "elegance"; Elegant is mostly written by the aristocrats in the West Friday room, mostly describing the history of Zhou Dynasty and praising the merits of ancestors. Apart from some banquet songs, "Xiaoya" is mostly a political allegory, and its authors are mostly noble literati. Ode can be divided into Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode, which are music and dance music used by aristocratic rulers when offering sacrifices.
4. The Book of Songs literature common sense
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with a total of 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (there are 6 other poems by Xiaoya, which are not counted), so it is also called "300 poems" with Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu.
"There are more than 300 ancient poems, which are related to Confucius, but not important ..." (Historical Records of Confucius Family) is said to have been compiled by Confucius. Formerly known as "Poetry", it was regarded as a classic by Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty, but it was called "The Book of Songs", also known as "Poetry 300".
He initiated the excellent tradition of realism in China's ancient poetry creation. The content in The Book of Songs, in terms of its original nature, is the lyrics of songs.
Mozi Meng Gong said, "There are 300 ode poems, 300 string poems, 300 song poems and 300 dance poems", which means that there are more than 300 poems, all of which can be recited, played with musical instruments and sung and danced. "Historical Records Confucius Family" also said: "Three hundred and fifty poems were written by Confucius, in order to combine Shao, Wu, elegance and praise."
Although these statements are still possible to be discussed, there is no doubt that the Book of Songs was closely related to music and dance in ancient times. The Book of Songs is not only the earliest collection of poems, but also an encyclopedia reflecting the society at that time.
The "six meanings" in The Book of Songs refer to style, elegance, praise, fu, comparison and honor. The first three are content and the last three are technology. The division of style, elegance and fu is based on the difference of music.
The Wind includes 15 articles, most of which are folk songs in the Yellow River valley, and it is called *** 160 articles. Ya is divided into Xiaoya and Elegance, which are court music songs with *** 105.
Fu, including Zhou Fu, Lu Fu and Shang Fu, is a kind of dance music used in ancestral halls, with a total of 40 pieces. Specifically, the characteristics and influence of The Book of Songs are mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, lyric poetry is the mainstream of The Book of Songs.
Secondly, the poems in The Book of Songs, except for a few, fully reflect the real world, daily life and daily experience. Thirdly, in connection with the second item mentioned above, The Book of Songs has obvious political and moral color as a whole.
Fourthly, the lyric poems in The Book of Songs are generally restrained when expressing personal feelings, so they appear peaceful. The Book of Songs often adopts the form of overlapping chapters, that is, between repeated chapters, there are only a few changes in word meaning and literal meaning, resulting in the effect of singing and sighing.
This is a feature of folk songs, which can strengthen the expression of feelings. Therefore, it is most commonly used in folk songs such as "National Wind" and "Xiaoya", but rarely appears in political poems such as "Ode to Ya" and "Xiaoya". A typical example, such as Nan Zhou, is: pick and choose.
It's a short story to pick up flies and collect them. Pick and choose and say a few words.
Pick and choose, fine print. Pick and choose, Kan Kan and talk.
Pick and choose, make a fool of yourself.
5. Literature knowledge of The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems".
The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. The Book of Songs contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode.
Among them, "wind" includes folk songs on the cover of the Book of Songs in 15 places in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and northern Hubei (Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin). Known as the "Fifteen Kingdoms Style", there are 160 songs, which are the core content of The Book of Songs. "Wind" refers to rural wind and wind ballads.
"Elegance" means elegant music, that is, the music songs of nobles at banquets or princes at meetings are divided into "Elegance" and "Xiaoya" according to the music layout, with a total of 105, including 3 poems of Elegance and 74 poems of Xiaoya. Ode is a sacrificial music, which is divided into 3 1 Zhou Song, 4 truffles, 5 commercial songs and 40 * * *.
It is one of the five classics. The Book of Songs has a history of more than 2500 years.
The methods of expression in The Book of Songs are divided into Fu, Bi and Xing. Together with wind, elegance and praise, it is called "six meanings"
The Book of Songs is mainly composed of four words. There are 3 1 1 poems in The Book of Songs (also known as 300 poems), among which 6 poems are filled with titles and no content, and there are 305 existing poems (both titles and words).
During the Warring States period, the ceremony collapsed and the music was broken, and a large number of music scores were lost. The only remaining lyrics were incorporated into the Book of Songs. The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300".
In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. At the beginning, these poems were all lyrics with music, which kept the combination of ancient poetry, music and dance, but in the long-term circulation, music and dance were lost, leaving only poems.
6. Literature knowledge of The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems".
The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poems in China, which contains folk songs (wind), literati works (elegance) and eulogies (praise) to gods from about 2500 BC to about 3000 BC. According to legend, there was an official who collected poems in the Zhou Dynasty in China. Every spring, he shakes Muduo and goes deep into the folk to collect folk songs. After sorting out the works that can reflect people's joys and sorrows, he gave them to the Taishi (the official in charge of music) to compose music and sing them to the emperor as a reference for administration.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, it is said that there were more than 3,000 poems handed down. Later, Confucius deleted them inappropriately, leaving only 3 1 1 poems (including six sheng poems by Nan Chang, Bai Hua, Hua Tuo, You Geng, Chong Qiu and You Yi). Later, for convenience, it was called "Three Hundred Poems". The contents of the poems are:,, Bian, Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Qi, Cao and Yi, and most of them are polished folk songs.
Ya (Er Ya: Ya, Xiao Ya) is of course mostly the works of literati, but there are also many people of Xiao Ya who think of words similar to wind ballads, such as yellow birds, going their separate ways, valley wind, why the grass is not yellow and so on. Ode (Three Odes: Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode) was originally a musical song to praise God or ancestors during sacrifice, but all four poems of Truffle are about the beautiful living Lu Xigong, and Shang Ode also includes flattering poems.
Among Confucius' disciples, Xia Zi had the deepest understanding of poetry, so he passed it on. There were three poets in the early Han Dynasty, namely Shen Peigong of Lu, Gu Sheng of Qi and Han Ying of Yan.
Qi's poems died in Wei, Lu's poems died in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Han's poems were still there in the Tang Dynasty, and now there are only ten volumes left. As for the book of songs circulating now, it is Mao Gong's poem (Big Mao Gong: Mao Heng, Little Mao Gong: Scapharca).
Here, I quote the Book of Songs, a collection of works by Wang Aijun, an international friends association. The Book of Songs is the first collection of realistic poems in China, with a total of 305 poems, so it is also called "Three Hundred Poems".
According to the use and music, it can be divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, in which wind refers to folk songs from all over the country, elegance is court music, and ode is dance music used by Zhou Tianzi and princes to sacrifice ancestral temples. The Book of Songs is mainly characterized by Fu, Bi and Xing.
Among them, Qi is called Fu; The metaphor is called ratio; Let's talk about something else first to arouse what we are singing. The Book of Songs ***305.
7. Introduction to the Book of Songs, literary common sense
3 1 1 The Book of Songs has three parts: style, elegance and ode.
Among them, "wind" includes "the wind of fifteen countries", and "wind" is also called "national wind", which is a ballad in various places. There are 160 poems in The Book of Songs, which is the core content of The Book of Songs. "Ya" is divided into "Ya" and "Xiao [1] Ya", with 105 poems; Ode is divided into Zhou Song, Truffle and Ode to Shang Dynasty, with a total of 40 songs.
It is one of the "five eccentrics". The Book of Songs has a history of 2500 years.
There are 305 poems in The Book of Songs, among which 6 poems are prosperous, with only titles and no content, and there are 305 existing poems (both titles and words). During the Warring States period, the ceremony collapsed and the music was broken, and a large number of music scores were lost. The only remaining lyrics were incorporated into the Book of Songs.
The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
At the beginning, these poems were all lyrics with music, which kept the combination of ancient poetry, music and dance, but in the long-term circulation, music and dance were lost, leaving only poems.