How to appreciate poetry?

Appreciating an excellent poem can roughly master these links. The first is language. Poetry, like other literary works, relies on language to organize materials, but poetry has its own characteristics. Poems are short and pithy, and the language is refined and implicit, with a strong poet's emotional color. So understanding the language of poetry needs more and deeper efforts. Every word, every word, every sentence and even every punctuation mark in poetry cannot be easily let go. Only in this way can we deeply understand the image of poetry. For example, there are two sentences in Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain: "I came from three thousand miles away. Now with the sadness of autumn, with my sorrow of a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. " Mr. Xiao Difei, an expert in Tang poetry, has made a detailed analysis. He believes that "there are eight or nine sad meanings in fourteen words: it is sad to be a guest in a foreign country; Frequent visitors, two sorrows; Wan Li is a guest, three sorrows; When the bleak autumn, four people are sad; This double ninth festival, there is no drinking and having fun, just going on stage, five sorrows; Relatives and friends withered and came to power alone, seven sorrows; Moreover, this disease is frequent and changeable, with eight sorrows; Time is precious and life is short. For example, after half a century this year, this is the only ending. Very sad. " This is Mr Xiao Difei's understanding. After reading the poem, I think I can read it in my bones. It not only makes us understand the meaning of "1989", but also makes us see a clear and vivid image: an old and frail poet trudges to a high place and has mixed feelings in the cold and magnificent autumn scenery. If the appreciator can reach this level, it should be regarded as the main point of understanding this poem. However, there are two points to be explained here: First, readers can imagine and associate according to the language of poetry, but they are limited by their works and cannot imagine or fabricate it out of thin air at will. Second, not every sentence in the poem has an image. Some poems are not isolated and vivid, and need to be understood in the complete image of the whole poem, and one image cannot be required. It is also very important to study the language of poetry, that is, the musical beauty and rhythm of poetry. There are many antithetical and parallelism sentences in poetry, and conjunctions are widely used. Moreover, when combining words, the length, weight and priority of syllables are more particular, resulting in an internal melody of cadence, which is harmonious and smooth to read and has a symmetrical aesthetic feeling. Guo Xiaochuan once said: "Musicality is the main feature of poetry form." Guo Moruo also said: "For poetry, rhythm is its shape and its life." Therefore, when we appreciate poetry, we must not ignore this point. The second part of appreciating poetry is the image and artistic conception of poetry. After appreciating poetry from the language, we should grasp the overall image of the work from the art as a whole, and then understand the artistic conception and theme of the work. To grasp the overall image of a poem, we must first understand the types and types of this poem. In terms of nature, the types of poetry can be divided into lyric poetry and narrative poetry. Lyric poetry is a poet's "direct expression of emotion", which shows the poet's subjective feelings in great detail, so it often has the image of a lyric hero. This image may or may not be the poet himself. Narrative poetry is a form of poetry used by poets to "sing a story", which generally has characters and story lines, vividly describing the occurrence and development of events and the changes of characters' personalities. It is much more convenient to grasp the overall image of poetry if we understand the types and types of poetry. For narrative poetry, we should grasp the plot of the work, because the plot is a prominent part of the narrative poem structure. For lyric poetry, we should grasp the ups and downs of the poet's feelings. After grasping the characteristics of various poetry types, we should further explore their themes. The theme of poetry is the soul of poetry, and the overall image in poetry is its concrete expression and incarnation. Therefore, to find it, in a sense, is to obtain the overall image of poetry. To discover the theme of poetry, we should mainly start from the poem itself and look for the image world depicted in the works. When you are looking for themes and artistic conception in the image world, please pay attention to the core of artistic conception, that is, looking for a center from the whole artistic picture. Generally speaking, such a center is the highest point of a poet's feelings. In a poem, it is often the poem with the best image, the strongest generalization and the best expansion. For example, in Du Fu's Book of Letters, the core of its artistic conception is the fifth and sixth sentences in the poem: "Three summonses attach importance to state affairs, and two generations attach importance to sincerity." These two sentences in the poet Du Fu's "Random Thoughts on Visiting Wuhou Temple" highly summarized the achievements of Zhuge Liang's life, wrote his spirit of "doing my best until I die", expressed the poet's admiration and nostalgia for him, and conveyed the poet's hope that Zhuge Liang would reincarnate and revitalize the country. For another example, To the Oak written by Shu Ting, a contemporary young poet, is a work praising love. The love image it created embodies the author's love view: independence, equality, interdependence and mutual support, understanding each other's existence significance and cherishing their own survival value. The core of its artistic conception is: "I must be a kapok beside you, standing with you in the image of a tree." The third part of appreciating poetry is to analyze the artistic conception and expression of poetry. Poetry is expressed in various ways. From the comprehensive investigation of classical poetry, folk songs and new poetry, the common ones are fu, bi, xing, association, exaggeration, parallelism, overlapping and re-selection. These can also be subdivided, such as comparison, which can be divided into symbolic and personalized ways. These techniques are often used interchangeably in a poem, but there are primary and secondary points. We should focus on analyzing its main expressive techniques and find out its role in the artistic appeal of the whole poem. Let's take Shu Ting's To the Oak as an example. The poet got inspiration from the image that kapok and oak stand together between heaven and earth, "roots are rooted in the ground, leaves touch the clouds", and praised the love permeated with the flavor of the socialist era. The whole poem adopts the method of quasi-materialization, and compares the heroine with kapok. Allow her to express her feelings as soon as she comes up, and boldly show her love view. Then let kapok describe the ideal blueprint of love: one with "steel branches" and the other with "red flowers", snuggling and greeting each other, * * * sharing pain and * * * enjoying happiness. Finally, she writes about Kapok's philosophical thinking, which makes her love sublimate to a brand-new realm.