Li Bai is one of the most representative writers in the poetry circle in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poems are bold and unrestrained, fresh and elegant, with rich imagination, wonderful artistic conception, light language, exaggeration and strangeness. People call him "Poet Fairy". Li Bai is very good at using exaggeration in his poems. The strangeness of exaggeration in his poems is amazing. This paper attempts to analyze the unique exaggeration in his poems.
First, the types of exaggeration in Li Bai's poems.
There are two kinds of exaggeration techniques commonly used by Li Bai, one is numerical exaggeration, and the other is exaggeration through reference objects. Of course, there are other exaggerations, but not as much as the first two.
1. The figure is exaggerated.
Li Bai's poems are often exaggerated by figures. Its numerical exaggeration range is very wide, which can be written as high, deep, far, fast, long, long and often exaggerated.
Write high. For example, the "three thousand" in "Flying Down Three thousands of feet" is the height of the waterfall; "Soaring on the Nine Wan Li" is a famous saying of Dapeng. "A ladder of a hundred miles" and "48,000 feet" in Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu are highly praised for the height of Tiantai Mountain.
Write far and write fast. For example, in the poem "Send Baidicheng Early", the words "a thousand miles" and "a day" in "a thousand miles of Jiangling" and "the apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has crossed Chung Shan Man" are about the rapid progress of canoeing in a short time. Reveal the joy of the poet after being forgiven.
Write longer. For example, "Three thousands of feet" in "Three thousands of feet with White Hair" praised the length of white hair and highlighted the depth of melancholy.
It's profound. For example, To Wang Lun and Peach Blossom Pond is Deeper than thousands of feet, and thousands of feet talks about the depth of the pond.
It has been written for a long time, such as "48,000 years" in "48,000 years have passed, which is not connected with Qin Sai", telling the story that Sichuan has been isolated from the Central Plains for a long time.
Write more. For example, "300 cups!" in "Boil a sheep, kill a cow, leave me in suspense, let me have 300 bowls and a long drink!" Talking about drinking too much (in fact, he really can't drink 300 cups) shows that the author is very happy.
Write frequently. For example, in "360 days, getting drunk every day", "360 days" is almost all the days of the year. Adding "every day" in the next sentence means that the poet drinks very frequently. Its next sentence is "Although I am Li Bai's wife, I am different from ordinary wives", which expresses the poet's feelings of guilt towards his wife.
Reference exaggeration
Li Bai's poems and songs often use allusions to achieve exaggerated effects. Li Bai often exaggerates with reference objects. The sky is the highest, and Li Bai's poems and songs often take the sky or things in the sky as the reference. By telling something close to the sky, it is to reduce exaggeration, and then to highlight its height, it is to enlarge exaggeration. In other words, by reducing exaggeration to achieve the effect of amplification and exaggeration, its essence is amplification and exaggeration.
In Li Bai's poems on heights, some poems are about specific spatial heights, while others are just means to describe people's momentum.
It's written very high. For example, writing "the highest rock is barely one foot below the sky" on the Shu Road, taking "the sky" as the reference object, you can touch the sky by raising your hand less than one foot on the Shu Road, which is all numerical exaggeration; Another example is "Yueyang Tower in Twelve Summers", in which "Stay in the clouds, there is a cup in the sky" as a reference, and Yueyang Tower is extremely high; Another example is "panting, we brush Orion and cross the well star". This poem means that you can hold your breath and look up at the well. "God" and "Well" are the names of two stars. Taking them as reference, this sentence spoke highly of the height of Shu Dao.
Write about the momentum. For example, cockfighting "wheezes and dries rainbows", taking "rainbows" as a reference object, says that cockfighting arrogance can invade rainbows and clouds in the sky, and it is extremely high, which highlights cockfighting arrogance; Another example is to write Qin Shihuang's "Sword to cut clouds, ministers come to the West". Taking "cloud" as a reference object, it is extremely said that Qin Shihuang's sword of cutting clouds is very high, which highlights its unstoppable.
3. Comprehensive application of two exaggerations
Li Bai sometimes uses not only one exaggeration, but also two exaggerations, with excellent results.
For example, he wrote in the poem "Sleeping in a Mountain Temple": "A dangerous building is 100 feet high, and you can pick up stars with your hands. I dare not speak loudly for fear of disturbing people. "
"A dangerous building is 100 feet high", which is an exaggerated figure. "Hands Can Pick Stars" uses "stars" as a reference to write the height of buildings, which is based on the exaggeration of reference objects. As for the words written in a temple on the mountain, "I dare not speak loudly, for fear of disturbing people" and for fear of disturbing the gods in the sky, this is also a reference exaggeration. It takes "people in the sky" as a reference, and everyone in the sky can hear it here, which shows that it is very close to people in the sky and is still very high. The two exaggerated combinations fully show the height of the building.
4. Other exaggerations
The most common exaggerations in Li Bai's poems are number exaggeration and reference exaggeration, but there are also other exaggerations.
It's a little exaggerated. For example, "Shu Dao is difficult, it is difficult to go to heaven", and writing "Shu Dao is difficult" is even more difficult than "It is difficult to go to heaven". Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, but not as good as Wang Lun. The friendship between the poet and Wang Lun is deeper than the Peach Blossom Pond in Deep thousands of feet.
There are exaggerations described through the introduction. For example, "the smell turns pale", through people's reaction, highlights the arduousness of Shu Dao; Another example is "clouds need clothes, flowers need capacity", and through the performance of "clouds" and "flowers", Yang Guifei's beauty is vividly expressed.
Second, the characteristics of exaggeration in Li Bai's poems
1. Give priority to with exaggeration.
This paper finds that most of the exaggerations in Li Bai's poems are exaggerations, and some poems are also exaggerations, but some are exaggerated for the sake of magnifying another thing, and some are exaggerated for the sake of magnifying. This is also in line with his bold poetic style.
For example, in Song of the Forever King, it is said that the mighty Yangtze River and Hanshui River are just a small swallow pool. The narrowing of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River is an enlargement of Wang Yong's Liling, which is a compliment to Liling's military strength and vast territory.
2. The exaggeration of spatial category is the main factor.
For example, exaggerated objects are all spatial categories, among which the height is the most. There are also exaggerated sayings in other categories, such as "48,000 years have passed" is a time category, "Let me, 300 bowls, a long drink!" It is a quantitative category, and "360 days, getting drunk every day" is a high frequency of writing. But on the whole, there are still many exaggerations in the space category.