Some people think that borrowing scenery to express feelings is equivalent to touching the scenery. Of course, some people think that borrowing scenery to express feelings should be written first, and touching scenery should be written first, but on the other hand, it may not be absolutely impossible to call it that.
Feeling in the scenery, some people think that they just write about the scenery without writing about their feelings, but people can feel their feelings through the scenery, but why can't they express their feelings through the scenery?
Jingrong is more like generalization, which can also be called Jingrong, that is, borrowing scenery to express emotion, touching the scenery and feeling in the scenery.
2. Appreciation of ancient poetry: the difference between real writing and imaginary writing. The concept of the combination of reality and fiction: the combination of reality and fiction is to combine abstract narration with concrete description, or to combine the description of real life with memory and imagination.
The "emptiness" in ancient poetry generally includes the following three categories: first, the world of immortals and ghosts dreams, like climbing Mount Tianmu in a dream; today, the moon shines on the gold and silver platform, wearing colorful clothes, riding the wind, the violinist has a tiger, and the dancer has a phoenix; Second, the scene of the past, "Carving Jade Fence" in Li Yu's Yu Meiren should still exist, but Zhu Yan has changed; The third is the imaginary future. In Liu Yong's "Yulinling", there is such a sentence: "Where do you wake up from alcohol now, the wind in Yang Liuan is fading." "Reality" refers to the real images, facts and reality existing in the objective world.
For example, the dark reality of Tianmu Mountain ascended to heaven in a dream. Pay attention to the distinction.
The function of skill: to make poetry rich in connotation and endless in extension. Key points of appreciation: When appreciating this kind of poetry, we should pay attention to what is "emptiness" and "reality" in poetry, and what kind of contrast effect they constitute.
Appreciation: Bai Juyi, a night dreamer from winter to morning in Handan, walks in front of the lamp with his knees folded every winter to Sunday. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.
Q: How did the author write Homesickness? A: ① This poem adopts the method of combining reality with reality. (2) The loneliness of the poet at this time, the first two sentences are true.
The last two sentences are about the family sitting around the lamp and talking about being a traveler, which is very empty. (3) The author mainly expresses his homesickness through an imaginary picture, that is, at midnight on the solstice in winter, his family is still sitting around the lamp and talking about themselves as travelers.
Expressing one's mind directly belongs to direct lyricism, as opposed to indirect lyricism. Indirect lyric includes borrowing scenery to express emotion (scene blending, scene clarity, scene lyric, etc.). ), borrowing things to express feelings (recalling the past and hurting the present, borrowing the ancient to satirize the present, etc.). ) and borrowing things to express feelings (supporting things to express aspirations).
The concept of expressing one's mind directly: also called the method of expressing one's mind directly. It is a lyric method that directly expresses inner activities and emotions through unpretentious means without any help.
Lyrics are generally divided into two types: direct lyric and indirect lyric. To express one's feelings directly is to express one's feelings.
The difference between it and indirect lyric is that it does not rely on foreign things as support, it can express everything, thoughts and feelings in its own heart, and then express them quickly. Technical effect: this lyrical way seems dull, but in fact it is hearty, and the truth can be seen in plain places.
Appreciation points: Appreciation sentence "Poetry vividly expresses ... the swan song that people are most worried about and most afraid to hear, and the silence of lonely travelers in the mountains.
Here in the gate city, it will be cold, and the voice of the imperial anvil is much late. Please don't think Chang 'an is a place of enjoyment, lest you waste precious time.
Note: farewell song: farewell song. Guancheng: Tongguan and Hanguguan.
Royal Garden: Royal Palace. Anvil: The sound of beating cold clothes.
Q: What kind of artistic techniques are used to express the ideological content? A: William spoke frankly and expressed his advice to Wei Wan in the tone of an elder: Don't waste your good time by treating Chang 'an as a place of enjoyment. This is the most common practice in general farewell poems. It refers to the concept that nostalgia hurts the present: it refers to the association of ancient or long-ago events and allusions, the feeling of real things in real life, and even the meaning of causing sadness.
This technique is a little different. Remembering the past hurts the present, expressing the feeling that the past has overcome the present, prosperity is far away, things change, ups and downs are impermanent or things are expressed differently, the scenery remains the same, Zhu Yan has changed, and time is in a hurry. Miss the past, hurt yourself, express your ambition to make contributions like the ancients, and express your nostalgia for the ancients.
Or think that they have the same experience as the ancients, and cherish the memory of the ancients to show their dissatisfaction, or think that the ancients made great achievements and got what they wanted, but they could not make the best use of it. In contrast, they were unhappy and passive. Borrowing the past to satirize the present refers to worrying about the country and the people, exposing the fatuity and decay of rulers, worrying about the future and destiny of the country and the nation, and implying dissatisfaction and even criticism of reality.
Or stand outside, stand at the height of history, express unique views and enlighten the world. The role of techniques: deepening the artistic conception, deepening the theme, forming contrast and far-reaching artistic conception.
Key points of appreciation: clearly point out the allusions of nostalgic things, and combine emotional analysis to clarify the corresponding relationship between them. Appreciation examples: Weizhuang, Taicheng and Six Dynasties, when the river was raining, the grass was raining and birds were singing.
Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage. Note Wei Zhuang (836-910) was born in Ling Du, Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi) in the late Tang Dynasty.
Q: Some people say that when the poet mourns the historic sites, he shows strong sentimental feelings about current events. Do you agree with this statement? Why? A: I agree. Because the poet was in the late Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty had declined in an all-round way, and the prosperity of the past was gone forever, like a dream, replaced by war and chaos.
Poets look back on the past of the Six Dynasties by hanging on the historical sites of Taicheng, and today people regard the past as the future. The fate of the Six Dynasties, which flourished first and then declined, reminds poets of the Tang Dynasty, cherishing the past and hurting the present. Answer the poet's late Tang complex, expressing smoothly and coherently. )
Concept of the technique of expressing one's will with objects: Expressing one's will with objects refers to expressing and conveying the author's feelings, aspirations and interests through the description of objective things. Put your "ambition" on a specific "thing".
"Things" have certain symbolic significance and become the maintainer of the author's interests, wishes or ideals. Technical effect: The author's personal ambition is expressed more skillfully, perfectly, fully and infectiously with the help of this specific "thing".
Key points of appreciation: the relationship between the characteristics of the object itself and the author's emotion should be pointed out, and the appreciation sentence "The author expresses emotion through the characteristics of ..." can be used. Appreciation example: Zhai is the only pity, and the love of Qin depends on the situation.
If you don't use it, how can you remember the court merchants? The older you get, the clumsier you get. Although these two things go hand in hand, there is no difference between ups and downs.
① Liu Yi: Song Huizong Xuanhe was a scholar for three years (1 12 1). He used to be the censor. According to records, he was dismissed for "taking care of Qin Gui".
2 games: refers to the chessboard. Q: Why did the author write Qin and Qi? What kind of feelings does he want to express when playing chess? A: The author wrote about Qin and Qi in order to express his will.
He wrote his own "ambition" with the "quality" of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting; Straight, square. It is precisely because of my straightforwardness that "the world is thinner" and "everything goes well."
3. The lyric skills, expressive skills, artistic skills, rhetorical skills and descriptive skills in China's appreciation of ancient poems (1). Rhetoric methods: metaphor, personification, questioning, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, setting off, allusion, translation, intertextuality, repetition, etc. ;
(2) Expression: narration, discussion, description and lyricism.
Performance: the imagery and lyricism of poetry should be expressed by various artistic techniques, and some common artistic techniques should be known. There are four main ways of expression in poetry: narration, description, discussion and lyric, among which description and lyric are the key points. Lyrics can be divided into direct lyricism (direct expression of the mind); Indirect lyricism (lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism by supporting things, lyricism by blending scenes). Description: Dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, front side combination, sound and emotion combination, rough drawing, meticulous painting, etc.
Expression techniques: Fu, Bi and Xing; Restrain change, elaborate description, symbolic association, etc.
⑶. Text structure: start the first sentence, cut to the chase, write the theme, express ambition, bond feelings with scenery, get a proper total score, see the big from the small, deepen at different levels, take care of the transition, pave the way, etc.
4. Rhetoric, lyricism, description and expression in the appreciation of ancient poetry refer to the special expression techniques adopted by the author in shaping the image, creating the artistic conception and expressing his thoughts and feelings.
Its meaning is very broad, which can include the use of various rhetorical devices and expressions, as well as the clever use of various expressive devices and artistic ideas. Appreciating expression means identifying the rhetorical devices, expression methods, expression methods or artistic ideas used in poetry, analyzing its own artistic effects and evaluating its role in expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings.
The expression procedure of appreciation of ancient poetry: This poem uses (expression, rhetoric, expression) to write (image) characteristics, express (highlight) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and play a (certain) role. The forms of expression are: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
(Description) Rhetorical devices include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism and repetition. The expression techniques are: symbol, contrast, imagination, association, care, lyric by scenery, lyric by scenery, lyric by things, etc.
Image: specific people, events, scenes, etc. At work. Thoughts and feelings include: infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, indifference, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and the people.
Function: deepen the artistic conception, deepen the theme, the artistic conception is far-reaching, the artistic conception is beautiful, meaningful, intriguing, far-reaching and so on. Note: the answer must be targeted and directional.
Be sure to ask, be sure to answer, be sure to ask and be sure to give. We must combine the content and words of the original poem to answer, and we can't explain the concept in an empty way.
Methods: The appreciation of artistic skills generally includes the evaluation of expressions, the appreciation of artistic techniques and the appreciation of rhetorical techniques. The evaluation of (1) expression includes narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
The so-called evaluation of expression means that we can distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and their functions. 1, narrative.
Interpretation and introduction of characters and events in the work. For example, "Prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing Ancient Villages), "Jin Feng Jiao Gongming, general hunting Weicheng" (Wang Wei's Hunting).
"The King of Yue Gou Jian destroyed Wu Gui, and the soldiers went home" (Li Bai's Yue revisited the ancient times). 2. description.
Use image language to describe the shape and characteristics of people, things and environment concretely and vividly. Let readers see their people, hear their voices, see their things and feel at home.
For example, "Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream" (Mountain in Autumn Night by Wang Wei), "Three mountains and a half fall out of the sky, and one water egret island" (Climbing Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace by Li Bai) and so on. 3. Lyric.
Express your subjective feelings and self-feelings in your works. For example, "I'd like a machete around my waist to cut Loulan straight" (Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai), "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? It is the end of the world. "(Bai Juyi's Pipa Xing).
4. discuss it. Explain opinions and attitudes directly in the works.
For example, "Life is an outstanding person, and death is also a ghost" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"), "There are many talented people in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback" (Mutu's "Wujiang Shangting"). These four expressions are not completely separated in specific applications, but often fused together. We need to pay attention to this point, such as "but before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), which combines four expressions: narrative, description, lyricism and discussion.
(2) Appreciation of artistic techniques 1. Artistic techniques of description: from the perspective of description, there are positive description and side description; From the description of pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description. 2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric.
Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "all scenery words are love words", and there are usually four kinds of relationships between scenery and love words: appreciating Syaraku's feelings; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn the situation in Syaraku. 3. Film sticking technology: It involves front lining and back lining.
4. Contrast technology. 5. Fu Bixing's technique.
6. Use allusions. 7. Virtual writing and real writing.
8. Symbolism. (3) Rhetorical devices The rhetorical devices commonly used in appreciating ancient poetry include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, rhetorical questions and puns.
When appreciating poetry, we should be able to distinguish these rhetorical devices and analyze their artistic effects. Rhetoric techniques of appreciating ancient poems: metaphor, exaggeration, metonymy and antithesis: metaphor, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, pun, truth, rhetorical question, pun, truth, rhetorical question and intertextuality: frontal description, horizontal description, detailed description and dynamic and static combination. Lyric methods: express one's mind directly, express one's feelings through scenery, express one's feelings through allusions, and satirize the present with allusions: set off, contrast, symbol, metaphor, expression methods: set off, contrast, symbol, metaphor, rendering, rendering, and contrast the writing structure: want to promote first, then show one's ambition. Echo from beginning to end, make the finishing point, transition, pave the way, make the finishing point, transition, pave the way, pave the way Language features: fresh and elegant, concise and elegant, concise and elegant, meaningful, concise and implicit, shallow and meaningful, concise and implicit, simple and lively, Obscure description features: what kind of scenery is written: describe the picture reflected in the poem in your own language: above+comment on how to write the scenery: how to express the scenery and emotion: what kind of scenery+scenery writing technique+how to scenery+what kind of emotional image: related sentences+summarizing the characteristics of the image+pointing out the effect in combination with the theme: viewpoint+meaning of words in the poem+words describing the scenery+creating artistic conception or expressing emotion. The content of the poem written+its function in structure Language style: language features+how to combine poetry analysis to embody features+emotional expression skills: expression techniques+expression content+reasons for choosing+emotional poetry: poetry surface meaning+deep meaning description function.
5. What are direct lyric and indirect lyric? They are common forms of expression in poetry appreciation, including direct lyric and indirect lyric.
First, expressing one's mind directly is also called expressing one's mind directly, and the poet directly shows his love and hate attitude towards related people and things. Example 1. After reading the following Song poems and completing the appreciation as required (Hunan Volume), it can be seen that Chang and Wang Anshi had a strong feeling of parting in their youth and sadness in their old age.
Cao Cao's cups and plates are for laughing rain, and the faint light is for life. Three years of self-pity for the lake and the sea, a thousand miles in the dust and sand.
When is the later date? Sending books depends on Yan Nan signing. This poem expresses the feeling of "longing". Please appreciate how the author expresses this feeling one by one from the two couplets in the middle.
For example, "self-pity" and "especially writing" run through the necklaces, and poets express their hearts and sorrows. The "lake and sea" have been separated for a long time, and the "dust and sand" have gone away, and they will meet again soon, and it is not a Liao country without difficulties and obstacles. The expansion of time and space deepened the sadness.
"Three years" means a long time, and "Wan Li" means a long distance. Numbers are used in poetry, one vertical and one horizontal, which makes the sadness more intense. Second, there are four main forms of indirect lyric: 1. Lyricism by borrowing scenery means that the poet entrusts his feelings and thoughts to the scenery to express them, and expresses them by describing the scenery.
Example 2. Read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question. (Jiangsu Volume) Zhetian? Send someone Xin Qiji to sing "Yangguan" without tears and make a fortune.
The water is connected, as if the trees on both sides of the river extend into the endless distance, and the dark clouds with rain buried half the mountain. Throughout the ages, there have been more than a thousand kinds of annoying things. Is it only parting that makes people sad and gathering that makes people smile? It's not very sinister, but the journey of mankind is even more difficult. What kind of thoughts and feelings does "floating in the air to send infinite trees, rain clouds buried in the middle of the mountain" contain? What kind of expression is used? For example, the answer is: two sentences use the expressive technique of borrowing scenery to express emotion.
Looking forward to the distance, reluctant to leave; The road is difficult, and I wish you peace; The mountain is high and the water is long, and the future is confused. Example 3. Read the following poem and then answer this question.
(Fujian Volume) Wuyishan Xie Fangde has never dreamed of returning for ten years, and is independent of Qingfeng Wild Water. At the beginning of Shan Yu, the lonely scene in heaven and earth, how many years can I experience to cultivate Mei Cheng's character? What effect does the phrase "Lonely world, Shan Yu rest in peace" have on the expression? Please analyze it briefly.
For example, this poem expresses the poet's lonely feelings by describing the lonely scene of heaven and earth after Shan Yu. 2. Expressing ambition by borrowing things (expressing ambition by supporting things), the poet uses the characteristics of something in daily life or in nature to express some emotion or ambition, for example, 4. Read the following poem and complete the question.
(National Three Volumes) Zhai is a fact. Liu Yi no longer sympathizes with the piano, but loves chess because of this situation. If you don't use it, how can you remember the court merchants? The older you get, the clumsier you get.
Although these two things go hand in hand, there is no difference between ups and downs. Why does the author write piano and chess? What kind of feelings does he want to express when playing chess? For example, the author wrote about Qin and Qi in order to express his will.
He wrote his own "ambition" with the "quality" of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting; Straight, square. It is precisely because of their own frankness that they end up with "the world is getting thinner" and "everything goes well", leaving them alone in their study, which has nothing to do with the rise and fall of the country.
These all express the author's feelings about his personal experience and his cynicism about the world. 3. Use ancient lyric to satirize the present dynasty through historical events.
Example 5. Read the following two Tang poems and then answer this question. (Hubei Volume) In the suburb of Wurong, Huaqing Palace, snow is flying in the dark clouds, but it will dry up if it falls in this palace.
The trees and eaves set each other off, and no one knows that the outside world is very cold. After the Huaqing Palace, King Li Yue gave banquets to all the planes, and there were Song and soldiers in uniform everywhere.
Jade chariot ascended to heaven, and only the trees in the Forbidden City can live forever. What thoughts and feelings did the two poems express respectively? For example, Wu Shi used scenery to express his feelings and lashed out at rulers who ignored people's sufferings and indulged in pleasure.
Shi Li expresses his feelings through history, satirizes the ruler's dissoluteness and laments the rise and fall of the dynasty. 4. Scenery blending (feelings in the scene), that is, blending feelings in a specific natural scene or life scene, and expressing feelings through the description of the scene or scene.
Example 6. Read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question. (National Volume 1) Looking at the transcendental platform in the south of the Yangtze River, Su Zhenchun is not old, and the wind is fine and oblique.
Let's see that leaving Taiwan, half the city is full of flowers in spring, and there are thousands of flowers in misty rain. After a cold meal, I woke up but felt uncomfortable.
When resting, the old friend misses the old country, new fire tries new tea, and poetry and wine tend to grow old. Please appreciate this word from the perspectives of "emotion" and "scenery".
For example, the last part describes the scene of "spring scenery is not old" under the stage; The next film expresses the homesickness of people who are not old but helpless in spring. This word is based on scenery, and the scene blends.
Example 7. Read the following three works and then answer this question. (Zhejiang Volume) Wuyi Lane (Tang Dynasty) Liu Yuxi, weeds beside Zhuque Bridge, Wuyi Lane sunset.
Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people. A full moon (golden) is a sad thing for generations, and it also sings backyard flowers.
In the past, Xie Wang, the swallow in front of the hall, flew to whose house? Suddenly a dream, the fairy muscle wins the snow, and there are piles of crows in the palace. Jiangzhou Sima, a tearful shirt, is the end of the world.
[Lv Zhong] Alpine sheep? Yan (Yuan) Zhao came to Chunshe, went to Qiushe, and moved to the summer and winter every year. Muttering, busy grabbing (3), looking for Xie Wang in the Spring Breeze Hall, the dark clothes in the alley are crooked.
Xing, see more; Wu, I told you. Please briefly appreciate the expressive techniques and language features of these three works.
Examples of answers: ① Compared with the past, Liu Shi is full of emotion and profound implication, which embodies the characteristics of epic. (2) Wu Ci hit the nail on the head to express the hidden pain of national subjugation, gentle and sad, highlighting the true charm of graceful ci.
(3) Zhao Qu concluded with discussion, revealing the rise and fall, lively and straightforward, with a strong flavor of Sanqu.