Personal information of Pushkin, Pu Songling, Wang Anshi, Mo Bosang, Flaubert, Lu Xun and Bing Xin.

About the author: Pushkin (1799 ~ 1837) is an outstanding representative of Russian romantic literature, the founder of realistic literature and the founder of modern standard Russian. His works are the literary reflection of Russian national consciousness and aristocratic revolutionary movement. The content of Pushkin's lyric poems is unprecedented in the history of Russian poetry, including To Chaadayev (18 18), Ode to Freedom (18 17) and To the Prisoner of Siberia (1827). Pushkin wrote 12 narrative poems in his life, the most important of which are ruslan and lyudmila in Captives of the Caucasus (1822) and Bronze Knight (1833). Pushkin's plays are few, and the most important one is the historical drama Boris Godunov (1825). In addition, he also created the poetic novel yevgeni onegin (183 1), the prose novel Belgin Tales (183 1) and the novel Captain's Daughter (/kloc-0) It has created typical images with highly generalized significance: "redundant person", "money knight", "nobody" and the leader of the peasant movement. These problems and the appearance of literary images have greatly promoted the progress of Russian social thought, which is conducive to the awakening of the people and the development of the Russian liberation movement. Pushkin's excellent works have achieved a high degree of unity of content and form. His lyric poems are rich in content, profound in emotion, flexible in form, exquisite in structure and beautiful in rhythm. His essays and novels have concentrated plots, neat structures and vivid and concise descriptions. Pushkin's creation has an important influence on the development of Russian realistic literature and world literature, and is called "the beginning of all beginnings" by Gorky. Introduction to Flaubert: Flaubert (182 1 ~ 1880) is a French writer. Born in Rouen, northwest France, a family that has been practicing medicine for generations. My father is the dean and director of surgery at Rouen Municipal Hospital. He spent his childhood in his father's hospital. Therefore, his later literary creation obviously bears the trace of careful observation and analysis by doctors. Flaubert began to try literary creation from middle school. 184 1 year, studying at Paris Law School. At the age of 22, he dropped out of school because of suspected epilepsy. Since then, he has been living in Rouen, concentrating on his creation and never getting married. Madame Bovary was written by Flaubert in 1857 in nearly five years. This work initiated a new era in the history of literature and became his masterpiece. Later, he created Salangbao (1862), Emotional Education (1869) and Three Stories (1877). Brief introduction of Mo Bosang (1850 ~ 1893): 6544. He wrote six novels and more than 356 short stories in his life. His literary achievements are the most prominent in short stories, and he is known as the "king of short stories", which has a great influence on later generations. Mo Bosang was born in a declining aristocratic family. His mother was addicted to literature and art. Influenced by teacher and poet Louis Buner, she began to write in various genres. After that, she practiced writing under Flaubert's personal guidance and participated in the activities of a group of naturalistic writers headed by Zola. Boule de Suif (1880) was selected as a collection of short stories in Meitang Evening News, which jumped into the French literary world and reached its peak in the 1980s. During 10, he wrote six novels: Life (1883), Good Friends (1885), Hot Springs (1886) and Pierre and John (1887). These works exposed the dark inside story of the Third Republic: cabinet officials deceived the parliament and the people from the interests of financial giants and launched an imperialist war to plunder the African colony Morocco; Attacked the corruption, greed, deception and shamelessness of the ruling clique. Mo Bosang also wrote more than 350 short stories, exposing the upper rulers and their poisonous social atmosphere, and at the same time expressing deep sympathy for the insulted and damaged little people. The themes of short stories can be roughly summarized into three aspects: first, satirizing vanity and money worship, such as Necklace and My Uncle Yule; The second is to describe the miserable experience of working people and praise their integrity, simplicity and generosity, such as return; The third is to describe the Franco-Prussian War and reflect the patriotic feelings of the French people, such as boule de suif. The ingenious layout structure of Mo Bosang's short stories. The choice of typical details, lyrical narrative techniques and fluent and natural writing style all provided models for later writers. Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), a famous writer and politician in Song Dynasty, was born in Linchuan, Fuchuan (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi). When he was young, he wrote excellent articles and was praised by Ouyang Xiu. Wang Anshi became a scholar at the age of twenty and worked as a local official several times. When he was a county official in Yinxian (now Yinxian, Zhejiang), it happened that the disaster there was serious and the people's lives were very difficult. Wang Anshi built water conservancy, improved traffic and managed it in an orderly manner. In Xining, Song Shenzong for two years, he actively carried out political reforms to alleviate people's difficulties. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, the new law was abolished, and Wang Anshi suffered from anxiety and died the following year. Wang Anshi struggled to realize his political ideal all his life, and closely linked literary creation with political activities. Because he holds the concept of "application" in his literary creation, his poems have a strong political color, which directly serves his political struggle. Wang Anshi's prose is mostly political. These works, on the basis of profound analysis, put forward clear opinions and have strong persuasiveness. For example, Answering Sima Shi's admonition analyzes Sima Guang's criticism of the new law, which is concise, tactful and firm, and shows his political attitude of adhering to principles. Wang Anshi's prose pays more attention to the persuasiveness of theory than to brewing atmosphere, describing objects and impressing readers emotionally. Therefore, his prose is generally excellent in conception, strong in logic and generality, and simple in language. This is also the result of his literary proposition. Like prose, Wang Anshi's poems are full of political content and obvious tendency, showing sympathy for the people and melancholy for the future of society. As well as his resistance to traditional ideas, fully expressed his lofty political aspirations and positive attitude towards life. Many of his poems about nostalgia for the past also endowed him with great political ambitions and critical spirit. After retiring in his later years, changes in his life and mood changed his poetic style, and he created many small poems describing lakes and mountains, paying more attention to the tempering of poetic art. There are many representative works, such as "Boating in Guazhou" and "Guazhou in Jingkou is separated by a water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains". The spring breeze in Jiang Nanan is green. When will the bright moon shine on me? "These poems are novel and unique, and their words and sentences are appropriate and natural. They are indeed more mature in art than in their early years, but the political enthusiasm in previous years' poems has greatly declined at this time. Pu profile Song Ling (1640— 17 15) was born in Zichuan (now Zibo). His father abandoned Confucianism to go to sea because he failed in the imperial examination, but he still can't forget the restoration. Pu Songling studied with his father since childhood. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he was the first doctoral student in county, prefecture and Dao, and was praised by Shi. Since then, the title of the article has been greatly improved, and he speaks highly of himself. However, after that, his experience in the examination room was always depressed. It was not until he was in his sixties that he accepted his wife's advice and gave up his career fantasy. It was not until he was seventy-one that he got a meaningless name-Gong Sheng. During his decades in the imperial examination hall, he first worked as a short-term screen guest, and later worked as a private school teacher in an official family for a long time to make a living. From middle age, he wrote Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio while teaching until his later years. Before this book was written, it was circulated among peers and gained the common sense of Wang Shizhen, the leader of the poetry circle at that time. Besides Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, he also has a considerable number of poems, words, essays and folk songs. , compiled into Pu Songling's anthology. Bing Xin's original name is Xie Wanying, and her pen names are Ms. Bing Xin and Mr. Bing Xin. 1900 was born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, and his ancestral home was Changle County, Fujian Province. My father was a naval officer of the Qing government. 1904 She moved to Yantai with her father. She spent her childhood at the seaside and loved the sea since she was a child. 19 1 1 year attended women's normal school, 19 14 year attended Beijing Christian School Beiman Girls' Middle School, 19 18 year attended Peking Union Medical College Women's University. After the May 4th Movement broke out, she actively participated in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal propaganda activities. The first work she published was Two Families, which started the creation of "problem novels" with the theme of society, family and women. Later, Loneliness and Helplessness and Poor Zhuang and Sister were published. 192 1 year later, superman, stars, springs, etc. It was published. Maternal love or human love is an ideal way to solve social and life problems. 1923, after yenching university graduated, she went to the United States to study, majoring in English literature. At the same time, she wrote essays about her travels and experiences in foreign countries and sent them back to China for publication, which was accepted as "For Young Readers". After returning to China from 65438 to 0926, Bing Xin taught in yenching university and Tsinghua University Women's College of Arts and Sciences. 193 1 year, he wrote the novel fen, which marked the writer's further understanding of social reality. 1932, Beixin Bookstore began to publish the complete works of Bing Xin in a diversified way. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, she 1938 went to Kunming and 1940 went to Chongqing. She once wrote an essay "About Women" under the pseudonym "Man". 1946 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught the course "China New Literature" at the University of Tokyo. 195 1 When he returned to China in autumn, he wrote essays such as After Your Return, which turned a new page in his creation. Tao Qi's summer diary was published in 1956. On March 1958, People's Daily began to publish her "For Young Readers", which mostly introduced foreign experience, praised friendship and encouraged children to work hard. In addition, we also published We Wake up in Spring, Ode to Cherry Blossoms, Notes on Picking Up the Leftovers, Little Orange Lantern, Selected Novels of Bing Xin and so on. During the Cultural Revolution, Hong Kong Chaoyang Publishing House also published her prose collections "Sakura", "Friendship" and "We have no winter here". After smashing the Gang of Four, she began to publish three letters to young readers in her childhood. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Bing Xin devoted a lot of time and energy to social activities. Lu Xun is a great modern writer and translator in China and the founder of the New Literature Movement. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was born in a dilapidated feudal family. Young people are influenced by evolution. 1902 went to Japan to study medicine and then engaged in literary and artistic work in an attempt to change the national spirit. 1909 returned to China and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 In May, Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was first published under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which violently exposed and criticized the cannibalism system and laid the cornerstone of the new literature movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he took part in the work of New Youth magazine, stood at the forefront of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal new culture movement, and became a great standard bearer of the May 4th New Culture Movement. During the period of 19 18- 1926, he successively created and published albums such as Scream, Grave, Wandering, Weeds and Morning Flowers, which showed the ideological characteristics of patriotism and thorough democracy. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q, published in19212, is one of the outstanding works in the history of modern literature in China. 1In August, 926, he was wanted by the reactionary authorities for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students and went to teach at Xiamen University in the south. 1927 1 went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and taught at Sun Yat-sen University. After the "412" incident, he angrily resigned from all his posts in Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai. Since 1930, Lu Xun has successively participated in progressive organizations such as China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League, China Civil Rights Protection League, etc. Regardless of the persecution of the Kuomintang government, he actively participated in the revolutionary literary movement. 1936 After the dissolution of the "Left League" at the beginning of the year, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese national United front in the literary and art circles. 1927- 1936 created most of the works and a large number of essays in New Stories, and these works were included in the collection of justice, the collection of three idleness, the collection of two hearts, the mobilization of the south to the north, the lace literature, and the essay of Jieting. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings. He led and supported the progressive literary groups such as the "Unnamed Society" and "Chaohua Society". Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National New Newspaper Supplement, Mangyuan, Running and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; He collected, studied and sorted out a large number of classical documents, critically inherited the ancient cultural heritage of the motherland, and compiled A Brief History of Chinese Novels, An Outline of the History of China Literature, and Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties. 193610 June19 died in Shanghai.