A special rhetorical device in ancient Chinese. In order to achieve the requirements of conciseness, implication and conciseness, two things only appear in one context, and the other is omitted, that is, the so-called "two things each hold their own side and keep their own text", which makes them intertextual. Intertextuality can generally be divided into three types:
① Complementary intertextuality
"Altair all the way, Jiao Jiao Hehan female" ("Nineteen Ancient Poems")
It means: Away from Altair, away from the Han women in Jiao Jiao.
In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times. (Du Fu's "Meeting Li Guinian on the River")
I often see you and hear your songs in Wang Qi and Cui Jiu's home. It's not that I don't listen to songs when I meet people in Qi Wangfu. Cui didn't just hear his voice, but he didn't see him.
Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed.
When clouds cover the window, yellow flowers are in the mirror.
The male rabbit's feet are confused and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred. (Han Yuefu's Mulan Poetry)
Three sentences mean: open the door of my East-West Pavilion and sit on the bed of my East-West Pavilion. Comb clouds and stick yellow flowers to the mirror in front of the window. Both male and female rabbits have complicated feet and blurred eyes. Instead of opening the east gate and sitting on the west bed; It's not that Yun 'an has only a window without a mirror, and Huanghua has only a mirror without a window. It's not like a rabbit is a female with uncertain feet and blurred eyes.
② Intertextuality of sentences
That is, the first half sentence and the second half sentence complement each other is its original intention. For example:
The host got off the horse and the guests got on the boat (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
When learning this poem, this great warrior always thought that the host was standing on the dock and the guests were standing on the boat. "Raise a glass and drink together" means that both the host and the guests are standing and drinking. Because of the sentence "We drank all we felt unhappy, and we were parting", he lamented that the ancients could really drink a lot, and they could get drunk and stand on the opposite side of the water! I wonder if there are any appetizers. It is believed that until "the host forgot to go home and the guests went his way", the host got on the boat and "called more wine and lanterns to start our party again" and sat on the boat to continue drinking. Later, the teacher said that "dismounting" and "boarding" complement each other, which means that the host dismounts and the guests dismount and board. I suddenly realized.
There was a bright moon in Qin Dynasty, and it was closed in Han Dynasty (Wang Changling's "The Great Wall")
Qin and Han dynasties brought out the best in each other. That is, the bright moon or the bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties, the mountain pass or the mountain pass in Qin and Han dynasties, rather than the bright moon belonging to Qin and Han dynasties.
③ Intertextuality of each reference.
Pine and cypress are planted in the east and west, and phoenix trees are planted in the left and right. (Peacock flies southeast in HanYueFu)
Thirteen capable weavers ... sixteen poems. (same as above)
In the sentence, "things around" means "around". "Thirteen ... sixteen ..." When Lan Zhi was a teenager, he didn't refer to a certain year.
Palindrome is a rhetorical device, which makes use of the flexible word order, grammar and semantics of Chinese.
There are many forms of palindromes, such as "complete palindrome", "one palindrome", "two palindromes", "this palindrome" and "ring palindrome".
"All palindromes" means that a poem is read backwards from the end to the beginning to form another poem.
"A palindrome" refers to completing a reply process in one sentence, and the first half and the second half of each sentence are palindromes.
"Two palindromes" means that the next sentence is the back reading of the previous sentence.
"This palindrome" means that a poem itself has completed a reply, that is, the second half sentence is the first half sentence.
"Ring palindrome" means reading from the end to the beginning, and then reading from the end to the beginning.
In a word, this kind of palindrome poem is very difficult to create, but when used properly, its artistic strength is incomparable to that of ordinary poems.