The author of "Twenty-three Horse Poems·Thirteenth" is Li He, which was selected into the 391st volume of "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". Jué is a ring-shaped jade with gaps. This song is actually about Bole: Dai Baojue's son was so chivalrous that he spent a lot of money to buy the bones of a thousand-mile horse and gave them to King Xiang of Chu. See "Thousands of Gold to Buy Horse Bones". Li He's poems often have a strong mythological complex, and his poetry still looks forward to Bole. Let's read and appreciate Li He's "Twenty-three Horse Poems - Thirteen" together. Everyone is welcome to read!
Original text
Twenty-three Horse Poems·Thirteenth
Author: Tang Li He
Whose son is Bao Jue? , I always smell the fragrance of chivalrous bones.
Heaping up gold to buy horse bones will be given to King Xiang of Chu.
Notes
①Jue: Jade, shaped like a half ring.
②King Xiang of Chu: King Qingxiang of Chu, the son of King Huai. There is no record of King Xiang's good horse in history, so this poem laments that the horse fell into the wrong hands.
Appreciation
This poem laments that not many people can appreciate a good horse. Dai Baojue's son is from whose family. I have long heard that he has a chivalrous reputation. This man spent a lot of money to buy the bones of a thousand-mile horse, and gave them to King Xiang of Chu, a man who didn't know a good horse. According to ancient books, someone wanted to get a thousand-mile horse but failed, and even bought the bones of the thousand-mile horse. After the story spread, horses were sent from all over the country.
Introduction to the author
Li He (790-816), also known as Changji, was born in Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'an, Gansu) in Changgu, Fuchang County (now Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan). ). He is known as: Li Changji, Guicai, Shigui, Li Changgu, and Li Fengli. Together with Li Bai and Li Shangyin, they are also known as the "Three Lis" of the Tang Dynasty. He is a descendant of the Tang Dynasty clan, but it has long been in decline and his family is poor. He had outstanding talent and was famous for his poems when he was young. However, he only worked as a ninth-grade official in charge of sacrifices in his life. He was depressed and impoverished. He died at the age of 27.
Li He was a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty and a representative of the transition period from the mid-Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of the poems he wrote lamented his untimely birth and inner depression, and expressed his pursuit of ideals and ambitions; they also reflected the separatist rule of feudal towns, the dictatorship of eunuchs, and the cruel exploitation of the people at that time. He likes to wander in the world of myths, stories and ghosts. With his bold and weird imagination, he creates a turbulent and confusing artistic realm to express the sentimental sentiment that good times do not last long and time is fleeting. For this reason, he is later known as People call him "Poetry Ghost". His poems are called "Ci of Ghost Immortals" or "Li Changji Style".
Traditional Chinese
Complete Tang Poetry Volume 391_4 Twenty-three Ma Poems · Shisan Li He
Whose family is Baojue, who has always heard the fragrance of chivalrous bones.
Heaping up gold to buy horse bones will be given to King Xiang of Chu.
Expansion: Li He’s life
Clan royal family
Li He was born in Changgu, Fuchang County, in the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790 AD) of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty. (Today's Sanxiang, Yiyang County, Luoyang) was a run-down aristocratic family. The distant ancestor was Li Liang (Prince Dazheng), the uncle of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty Li Yuan. At that time, his reputation was far away, his family was in decline, and he was living in seclusion in Changgu. Li He was very proud of the fact that he had the noble lineage of the Li and Tang clan. He repeatedly mentioned in his letter: "Li Changji, the grandson of all the kings of the Tang Dynasty", "Who will have mercy if the grandson of the Tang Dynasty is not transferred", "Invite Cao Zhi to pay a visit to the emperor's grandson" . But in fact, he, the "grandson of the clan", is probably not even a direct descendant of the royal family of Dazheng, or at least his family has long since declined.
When Li He described his family background, he said: "I live on a mountain with an acre of Songqi farmland. It rains at night and calls the tenants, and the sound of pounding secretly tells the customs." ("Send Brother Wei Renshi into the Pass") His father Li Jinsu , was employed as a "side job" in his early years. In the third year of Dali (768), he went to Shu to serve. He met his cousin Du Fu in the police station and "wandered" all his life. In the Zhenyuan year when Li He was born, Jin Su was slightly promoted and served as the magistrate of Shaanxi County, but he died of old age soon after. His mother, Zheng, gave birth to a daughter and two sons, and she stayed in Changgu. After the eldest daughter got married, her family became poorer. The two brothers Li He went out to make a living and wanted to fill their belly. "If you want to say goodbye thousands of miles away, it's easy to fight for millet" ("Mian Ai Xing's Two Poems as a Farewell to Xiao Ji's Lushan"), the desolate state can be seen here.
Li He has been slender since he was a child, with long eyebrows and long claws, and a very distinctive appearance. He is very intelligent, capable of poetry at the age of seven, and is good at "quick calligraphy". It is said that in the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (AD 796), Li He was seven years old. Han Yu and Huangfu Shi visited him. Li Heyuan quickly wrote the poem "Gaoxuan Guo", which shocked Han Yu and Huangfu Shi. Li He became famous in Beijing and Luo from then on [10- 12]. When he was a little older, Li He would ride a donkey during the day to find sentences, and at dusk he would search for things in his bag, burn ointment, and follow the sundial. He worked very hard. Li Shangyin's "Xiao Zhuan" says: "When Heng was a slave since he was a child, he rode a giant donkey and carried an ancient brocade bag. When he found something, he threw the book into the bag. When he returned in the evening, the lady asked the maid to take the bag and take it out. There were many books. , often said: 'I want to vomit out of my heart, but my ears!'". In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), the fifteen-year-old Li He was already as famous as Li Yi in Beijing.
In the first year of Yongzhen (805), the first year of Emperor Shunzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li He was sixteen years old. At that time, Emperor Shunzong succeeded to the throne despite an illness (stroke), and appointed Wang Shuwen, Wei Zhiyi and others to eliminate disadvantages and carry out reforms, which are known as the Yongzhen Reform in history.
In August, the eunuch Ju Wenzhen colluded with the nobles and bureaucrats to change Yuan Dynasty to Yongzhen, forcing Shunzong to abdicate due to illness, and the New Deal failed. The following year, Shunzong died of illness. People of the Tang Dynasty (Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, etc.) alluded to it in their poems, claiming that Shunzong did not die of illness, but died in an assassination attempt. When Li He became an adult, he learned about this incident and made a satirical "Drinking Song of Concubines of the Han and Tang Dynasties".
Frustrated official career
In the second year of Yuanhe (807 AD), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, when Li He was about eighteen years old, his poetry was already famous far and wide. In the third and fourth years of Yuanhe (AD 807), 808-809), Li He wrote "Yanmen Prefect's Journey" to pay a visit to Han Yu. He also heard that Han Yu was in Luoyang, so Li He went to pay a visit. It is said that Han Yu and Huangfu Shi once visited together, and He wrote the famous poem "Gaoxuan Guo". He could have entered the college early and boosted his family's reputation, but his father died before he was even young. At that time, mourning "must be limited to three years, so it was not until the fifth year of Yuanhe (810) that Han Yu wrote to Li He to persuade him to be promoted to Jinshi. In the early winter of that year, 21-year-old Li He participated in the ceremony and presided over it. Han Yu participated in organizing the Henan Prefecture Examination and wrote "Henan Prefecture Examination Musical Poems for the December Month with a Leap Moon", which won him the title of Jun. At the end of the year, he went to Chang'an to take part in the Jinshi Examination. There were rumors that Li He's father's name "Jin Su", "Jin" and "Jin" were "unreasonable". Although Han Yu defended his father's name with "quality based on law" and "judge based on code", he had no choice but to do so. In the spring of the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808), 19-year-old Li He left Beijing and returned to Changgu, where he wrote "Out of the City". In October of that year, he stopped in Chang'an again, where Han Yu and Huangfu Shi met. Li He came to comfort the fallen, and wrote "Gaoxuan Guo" to express his gratitude. On October 14, Li He said goodbye to his predecessors in Renhelifang, Luoyang, and wrote "Renheli Miscellanies about Huangfu Shi". >
In the fifth year of Yuanhe (810), when Li He was twenty-one years old, Han Yu was transferred to Henan Ling (Henan Prefecture, with Luoyang as the seat of government). He wrote a poem "Yan Henan Prefecture Scholar", which contains the following lines: I just want to write articles, and don’t dare to be jealous or fight.” It may be that he was reminded of Li He’s previous misfortunes and warned the candidates this year.
Failure to participate in the Jinshi examination was a serious blow to Li He. He once wrote Many poems expressing anger were returned to Changgu that year. Probably because he was a descendant of Li Tang's clan, and Han Yu recommended him for the prize, in May of the sixth year of Yuanhe (811), Li He returned to Chang'an to study for the clan. Recommended by people, after the examination, his father Yin was appointed as Fenglilang. From then on, he was "imprisoned in Chang'an" for three years. During his three years as an official, Li He experienced personally, heard and witnessed many things, and made a lot of friends. Like-minded friends, they had a profound understanding of the social conditions at that time. Although their personal lives were not satisfactory, they created a series of poems that reflected the reality and criticized the darkness. He entered the field of knowledge and achieved great success in poetry creation. It is said that the congratulatory poems "deeply penetrate the shortcomings of the world and hit the hidden corners of the world" (Yao Wenxie of the Qing Dynasty). Most of his works were produced in the poetry world of the Mid-Tang Dynasty and even in the entire world. It should be said that the outstanding status in the literary world of the Tang Dynasty was mainly established by the nearly 60 works written during this period.
Wandering in his later years
Due to the hopeless transfer and lack of success, he was sad. His anger and loneliness deepened. In addition, his wife died of illness, and Li He was depressed and ill. In the spring of the eighth year of Yuanhe (813), he returned to Changgu to recuperate for a period of time. However, he was unwilling to sink and traveled south again. He hoped to show his talents in Nanchu or Wuyue. When he left Chang'an, his friend Monk Wu (an eminent monk of Qinglong Temple) also wrote a poem "Send Li Changji to Ren Dongjing" to wish him a successful journey to the south. But the result was probably not good either. "Everyone in Kyushu is like this." He returned to Luoyang and said goodbye to his elder Huangfu Shi and other relatives and friends. On October 14th of the same year, he went west to Chang'an. In the ninth year of Yuanhe (814), he resolutely resigned from the post. After leaving the post of Lang, he returned to Changgu and "returned to his home". Then he took the road through Yiyang, Luoyang, and Heyang, then entered Taihang, passed Changping and Gaoping, and arrived in Luzhou (today's Changzhi City, Shanxi Province) in late autumn. After that, under the recommendation of Zhang Che of Luzhou, he worked as a staff member for three years, serving the army of Xi Shimei, the military governor of Zhaoyi Army, and helping with document writing. In the 11th year of Yuanhe (816), due to the domineering vassal towns in the north and rampant separatist forces, Xi Shimei failed to rebel and went to Luoyang to recuperate due to illness. His friend Zhang Che also left and returned to Chang'an. Li He had no choice but to brace himself for his illness and returned to his former residence in Changgu to sort out his poems. He soon died of illness at the age of twenty-seven.