1, different regions
There are fables not only in China, but also in foreign countries, such as Aesop's fables and krylov's fables. Idiom stories are a part of the history of China, handed down from the history of China.
2, the authenticity is different.
Fable stories are based on facts or fabricated stories to tell people a truth and inspire people. Moreover, most fables are made up to tell a truth and have no real basis.
Idiom stories are mostly historical allusions and things that have happened, and then people use an idiom to summarize and condense these things into a short sentence or phrase, so as to express the whole story and the content of the story, which does not necessarily have positive implications in function.
3. The characteristics of story language are different.
Fable stories are characterized by vivid images and vivid characters, which come from life and are higher than life; The language characteristics of idiom stories are concise, rich in connotation, harmonious in phonology and profound in meaning.
Extended data:
China's folk fables are extremely rich and generally short. In addition to the Han nationality, there are fables of ethnic minorities. Most of the fables created by people of all ethnic groups take animals as the protagonists, and use the activities and relationships of animals to throw in a lesson or metaphor to achieve the purpose of fable. It reflects the healthy and simple thoughts of the working people and shines with the infinite wisdom and noble morality of the people.
China's ancient fables have a long history and were formed in the pre-Qin period. It has gone through five stages: the fable of reasoning in pre-Qin, the fable of exhortation in Han Dynasty, the satirical fable in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the satirical fable in Tang and Song Dynasties and the humorous fable in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In hundred schools of thought's works in the pre-Qin period, fables were often used to illustrate the truth, and many excellent fables that were popular at that time were retained. Such as: death _, busy chicken, flourishing seedlings, self-contradiction, honest people buying shoes, waiting for rabbits, carving boats for swords, gilding the lily, etc. Liezi, Zhuangzi and Han Feizi are the most included.
After the Han and Wei Dynasties, some writers often used fables to satirize reality in their creation. Liu Zongyuan wrote prose with fables in Tang Dynasty. In "Three Commandments", he used the stories of three animals, such as elk, donkey and mouse, to satirize those who are arrogant, blind and complacent by keeping pets, and achieved profound results.
Modern writers in China also create fables, especially children's literature, so fables come from the people. Many idioms are from ancient fables, such as Smith, carving a boat for a sword and stealing a clock. Now there is a book, Fables of China, which contains China's fables.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-fable
Fable idiom 100.
Four-character idioms in fables:
Smith,
Ye Gonghao gave a long cry,
Gild the lily,
Waiting for him,
Stealing the clock,
Carve a boat for a sword,
Fill in the blanks,
Better late than never,
Frog in the well,
Contradictory,
Buy the box, but return the pearls.
20 fables of classic idioms
1, watch the sky from the well: watch the sky from the well. Metaphor is small in vision and little in knowledge.
2. Walking in Handan: The story comes from Zhuangzi Qiushui. The idiom "Handan toddler" means to imitate others mechanically. Instead of learning from others' strengths, you will lose your own strengths and skills. Handan toddler: Metaphorically imitating others mechanically, not only can't learn others' strengths, but also lose their own strengths and skills.
3, the fox is fake: the fox borrows the power of the tiger. Metaphor relies on the strength of others to bully others. Hit the target with one shot: describe archery or shooting accurately and hit the target every time. It is also a metaphor for doing things with confidence.
4. Catch the wind and catch the shadow: you can't catch the wind or catch the shadow. Metaphor has no factual basis for talking and doing things.
5. Worried about the sky: Qi's individual is afraid that the sky will fall. Metaphor is unnecessary or unfounded worry and anxiety. Frog at the bottom of the well: Frog at the bottom of the well can only see a sky as big as the wellhead. Metaphor is a narrow-minded person.
6, looking at plums to quench thirst: the original intention is plum acid, people will drool if they want to eat plums, thus quenching their thirst. Metaphorically, after the wish can't be realized, comfort yourself with fantasy.
7. Cup bow snake shadow: mistake the bow shadow reflected on the glass for a snake. Metaphor is the fear caused by paranoia.
8, Zheng people buy shoes: used to satirize people who only believe in dogma and ignore reality. Outdated: not in line with the needs of the times. It also means to be unconventional.
9. Waiting for the rabbit: the original metaphor is the luck of getting something for nothing. Now it is also a metaphor for sticking to a narrow experience and not knowing how to change it.
10, a mountain in Gong Yu: a metaphor for persistently transforming nature and fighting unswervingly.
1 1, a sudden detour: turn the chimney into a bend and move the firewood next to the stove. Take measures in advance to prevent disasters.
12. Throw a brick to attract jade: throw a brick to attract jade. Metaphor is to use one's immature ideas or works to lead others to better ideas or good works.
13, refer to a deer as a horse: refer to a deer and say it is a horse. Metaphor deliberately turns black and white and confuses right and wrong.
14, just make up the number: metaphor: inferior goods pass off as good goods.
15. Carving a boat for a sword: figuratively speaking, you still don't understand the development and changes of things.
16, Ye Gong Long Hao: For example, he likes something, but he is not really interested.
17, it's not too late to mend. Figuratively speaking, finding a way to remedy the problem can prevent further losses.
18, adding feet to snakes: adding feet to snakes when drawing them. It is not only useless but also inappropriate to do something superfluous.
19, stealing the clock: stealing the clock, covering your ears for fear that others will hear. Metaphorically, you are deceiving yourself, and you must try to cover up what you can't cover up clearly.
20, Zheng people buy shoes: used to satirize people who only believe in dogma and ignore reality.
100 idiom stories and their explanations
Idioms and allusions in kindergartens:
1, the idiom story of a drinking woman
During the Warring States Period, Zhao was besieged by Qi and sent people to Wei for help. Wang Wei sent a general to lead an army to save Zhao. Under the pressure of Qin, I dare not make a move. Wei Gongzi stole the military emblem, killed it, and personally led the army to save Zhao. Being cheated by the king of Qin and dismissed by Wang Wei, he had to indulge in the beauty of wine and color.
2. Idiom story of animal cannibalism rate
During the Warring States period, the war between vassal states made people miserable and displaced. Mencius went to various countries to lobby for giving up war and implementing benevolent policies. Mencius said to Liang, "You have fat in the kitchen, strong horses in the stable, but the people are hungry, and there are bones everywhere in the field, which is equivalent to attracting animals to eat people." If a country wants to be rich and strong, it must care about the people. "
3. The story of idioms.
During the Western Han Dynasty, a kind of horse produced by Dawan State in the western regions could travel thousands of miles a day, and was called "Xiji Tianma" or "Tianma". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent envoys to bring gold, silver and jewels in exchange for this swift horse. King Dawan killed the envoys and embezzled property. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious and sent Li Guangli to crusade against the kingdom of Dawan, and gained 3,000 horses in the West Pole.
5, digression Wan Li idiom story
Once upon a time, there was a self-righteous scholar who was dubbed a doctor. He went to the street and bought a donkey. According to the custom at that time, the buyer must write a contract to the seller. The doctor spread out a blank sheet of paper, wrote a thousand words, and wrote three chunks of nonsense that had nothing to do with donkeys. The donkey seller is impatient. Hurry him up. He was too busy to say anything and didn't write the word "donkey".
6. Xin idiom story
During the Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling, a poet, suffered many setbacks in officialdom, offended powerful people and was relegated, but he still comforted himself with a transparent and pure heart and was determined not to go along with those people. In his poem "Farewell to Furong Inn and Xin Qiji", he expressed such feelings: "It is rainy in Wu Han at night, and Chushan sees the guests off. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot. "
How to distinguish idioms from fables
First, the literary meaning is different.
1, fable
Fables are satirical or persuasive stories. Usually, profound truths and meanings are put in simple stories, so that they can be compared with each other, and the small metaphor is big, the ancient metaphor is big, and the language is concise and capable. It is a literary work that uses a false story or personification to explain a certain truth or to persuade and satirize.
2. Style
The meaning of idioms is incisive, often implied in literal meaning, rather than simply adding up the meanings of their components. Its structure is tight, and it is generally impossible to change the word order, extract or increase or decrease its components at will.
Second, the characteristics are different.
1, fable
Features: the length is mostly short; Heroes can be human beings or anthropomorphic creatures or non-creatures; Reflecting profound truth from simple stories, it has distinct philosophy and irony; Rhetorical devices such as exaggeration and personification are often used.
2. Style
Features: Its form is mostly four characters, and there are also three characters and many characters, which are mostly composed of four characters. Simply put, idioms are words that are well known, can be quoted from classics, have clear sources and allusions, and are highly used.
Third, the sources are different.
1, fable
China's ancient fables originated from the oral creation of working people. The word "fable" first appeared in Zhuangzi, which has the stylistic elements of story assistant. Encouraging Miao, Contradiction, Waiting for Rabbit and Carving a Boat for a Sword are all from pre-Qin prose.
2. Style
Idioms generally use four words, probably because they are easy to grasp. For example, China's ancient poetry collection "The Book of Songs" consists of four sentences, and the ancient history "Shangshu" also has some four sentences. Later, I began to read San Zi Jing, Hundred Family Names and Ganzi Wen, the last two of which are all four sentences. The first, second and third episodes of Four-eyed Miscellaneous Son and Long Wen Whip Shadow are all four words.
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