Basic introduction of Chinese name: Suiyuan Poetry Talk mbth: Criticism of Garden Poetry in Leisure Times * * Author: Yuan Mei-lun: innate qualification, acquired moral cultivation and other expression methods: diction, rhythm and other types: Prose influence: the most far-reaching poetic value in Qing Dynasty: Introduce the theoretical content, core value, book essence, literary contribution, previous published versions, catalogue and author profile of Suiyuan Poetry Talk. Its system is arranged in units of articles, and each article is either a comment, a note, or a poem (or several poems), which is an essay style. The purpose of compiling this book is to advocate the theory of spiritual nature and poetic nature, in order to oppose the prevailing theory of Shen Deqian's tune and Weng Fanggang's tendency to take textual research as poetry. This book was compiled after the author resigned. With the support of Fu Zi Bi Yuan and others, it was being compiled in the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790). Addendum until the author's death, written in Jiaqing years. The core value of Sui Yuan Shi Hua lies in its poetic theory of spiritual theory. Its meaning is based on the subjective conditions of creation, emphasizing that the creative subject must have three elements: true feelings, personality and poetic talent. The theory of true feelings in "The Theory of Soul" holds that: First, true feelings are the first condition for a poet's creation. As the saying goes, "A poet must not lose his childlike innocence" (Volume III), and "childlike innocence" is the soul and true feelings. Second, true feelings are the main content of poetry. As the saying goes, "Since the" Three Hundred Articles "up to now, all those who preach poetry have spirituality, regardless of piling up" (Volume 5). Thirdly, touching people with true feelings is the main aesthetic function of poetry. The so-called "sage said:' Poetry can be complicated', and it is the most susceptible person" (Volume 10), which is a criticism of Shen Deqian's theory of "Poetry Teaching". The theory of individuality of the theory of soul advocates: first, poets must have individuality, so it is called "writing poems without me" and "some people are puppets without me" (Volume 10). "I" is a unique personality. Second, artistic creation must be original, not confined to the ancients, nor blindly follow the customs. "If you want it, you should be the first to put forward new ideas and express your views." (Volume VI). Third, anti-imitation, anti-reflection: "Seven poets in Ming Dynasty talk about poetry, but I don't know the present" (Volume 3) and "Singing in the Palace is still too big to disturb people" (Volume 4), which also criticized Shen Deqian, the successor of the seven poets in Ming Dynasty. The poetic talent theory of the theory of soul holds that: 1. Poets must have special talents in their creation. The original meaning of "spirit" refers to the essence of human spirit and wisdom, so it is also called spirituality. Yuan Mei's poems can be divided into "pen spirit" and "pen infatuation" (see Addendum Volume II). Wen Xin has a poetic talent, and based on Weng Fanggang's textual research, it is a poem: "Confucian classics are profound, poems are boring, and so-called scholars' poems are unpleasant to read" (Volume 4). Secondly, the phenomenon of inspiration occurs when the poet is creating. First of all, when the inspiration came, the poet was in a state of artistic thinking, and "it is easy to become an article when he is excited" (Volume 2). Secondly, inspiration lasts for a short time and is difficult to grasp. When the "meeting is over", it is not easy to get it again. Finally, the contingency and inevitability of inspiration are unified. The book quotes a Tang poem and says, "I can't find it all day, and sometimes I come by myself (Volume 2). Third, artistic expression must be natural and natural, so it emphasizes that "nature is the most wonderful" (Addendum V). Even if you add' in the material refining, you can't show the chisel marks. Fourth, the image of poetry should be vivid, flexible and interesting. The book quotes Yang Wanli's Humor Committed to Writing the Soul (Volume I), and repeatedly quotes Anger and Life Fun (Addendum Volume III), aiming at advocating vivid and funny images to describe the soul. The essence of the book The essence of this book lies in "words" and the foundation lies in "poetry", so a large number of works are collected in the book to prove the theory of poetry, regardless of age, genre, author status and gender, and there are many things that can be praised as a good family. There are also many stories, poetic techniques and anecdotes of poets in this book. Although not vulgar, we can also see the cultural situation of Qianlong from one side. The theory of soul advocated in this book of literary contributions, besides Wang Shizhen's verve theory, Shen Deqian's rhyme theory and Weng Fanggang's texture theory in Kanggan's poetry circle, is unique, gathering the poetic schools of soul theory in Jiangnan and Jiangbei, and making important contributions to the anti-imitation and anti-textual research of poetry, and returning poetry to the track of expressing temperament. This book has a different reputation for a long time. The previous edition of this book is being edited. The earliest edition is Suiyuan engraving in the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), and the addendum is Jiaqing Suiyuan engraving. Later, in the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), Thirty-six Kinds of Suiyuan published by Shanghai Book Integration Bureau, Thirty-eight Kinds of Suiyuan published by Shanghai Hongwen Bureau in the second year (19 10), and The Complete Works of Suiyuan published by Shanghai Sweeping Industry House in the Republic of China all collected this book. In addition, there are also single engravings in the workshop. For example, in the third year of the Republic of China, Shanghai Baozhai Bookstore published "Shi Yinben's Poems on Garden Cartography" with eight illustrations. After the People's Literature Publishing House (1960 edition) was established, the title page of Suiyuan Poetry was revised by Gu, and when it was reprinted in 1982, it was supplemented with Suiyuan Poetry by the Son of Urana in Manchu Dynasty and Postscript by Mao Guangsheng and Zhang Ertian, which became a popular edition. 1993, The Complete Works of Yuan Mei published by Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, edited by the author, re-collated Poems Along with Fate, revised in 1997. Catalogue of Poems Along with the Garden Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4 Volume 5 Volume 6 Volume 7 Volume 8 Volume 9 Volume 1 0 Volume 12 Volume 13 Volume 14 Volume 15 Volume/kloc- Supplement No.2, Supplement No.3, Supplement No.4, Supplement No.5, Supplement No.6, Supplement No.7, Supplement No.8 10 Author's Brief Introduction Yuan Mei (17 16-65438+) was born in Cangshan in his later years, and Yuan Mei, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), was one of the representative poets in the Ganjia period. Together with Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, they are called "the three great poets of Qianlong". Together with Zhao Yi and Zhang Wentao, they are called "three masters of spiritualism". Jishi Shu, a scholar in Qianlong four years (1739), was awarded to the academician courtyard. Qianlong served as an official for seven years, and served as a magistrate in Jiangning and Shangyuan successively. His political voice was good and he was appreciated by then Governor Yin Jishan. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), Yuan Mei was forced to go through the customs again against his will. However, the relationship between Yuan Mei and his boss, Governor Huang Tinggui, is very bad, so just one year later, he took a long sick leave and eagerly returned to the park.
At the age of 33, his father died, resigned and adopted his mother. He bought Sui Abandoned Garden in Jiangning (Nanjing) and renamed it Suiyuan. He built a house and settled down, which was called Suiyuan in history. Since then, he has lived a leisurely life here for nearly 50 years, engaged in poetry and prose creation, compiled "Poetry Talk" to find talents, and won prizes and awards, which was admired by the poetry circles at that time. At the age of 24, Yuan Mei took part in the imperial examination. The exam question is "endowed with jade pendant jingling in the wind". There is a quip in the poem that "if people are in doubt, every other day is like a river." However, the presidents believe that "the language involved is not Zhuang, and they will be placed in Sun Shan". Fortunately, Governor Yin Jishan stepped forward and avoided falling out of the list. Yuan Mei's works include "Xiao Cang Shan Wu Works Collection"; And Garden Poems (16) and Addendum (10); 24 volumes of New Qi Xie, followed by Qi Xie 10; Suiyuan menu 1 volume; There are more than 30 kinds of essays, letters, and menus accompanying the garden. The masterpiece of prose "Salute to Sister" is sincere and has a long history. Classical Chinese critics compare it with Han Yu's Ode to Twelve Lang in Tang Dynasty. The author rebuilt the old system of Suiyuan all his life. Yuan Mei is a person who values the taste of life. He loves Jinling spirit. When he was a magistrate of Jiangning County, he bought Suiyuan at the foot of Xiaocang Mountain in Jiangning with 300 gold. Suiyuan used to be a brocade garden (that is, the Grand View Garden written by Cao Xueqin). At that time, "the garden was tilted and decadent ... flowers withered, but the spring breeze was inexhaustible." It has been abandoned for a long time. After being purchased by Yuanmei, it was rectified. Because it "kills countless barren land with its abundance, it must take pictures." So it is called "Suiyuan". In his Miscellaneous Poems, he described the scenery of the Garden: "Building houses is not small, and there are not many pools; A small house can't cover the mountain, and a big pool is not as good as a lotus. This fish is a foot long and jumps in the clear waves during the day; Know that I love lotus flowers and dare not open the net. " So poetic, let a person dream, it is no wonder that Yuan Mei carefree, debauchery, no longer play the idea of being an official. There is no wall around the garden. In good times, tourists are everywhere, and Yuan Mei allows them to come and go freely and uncontrollably. She even wrote on the couplet: "Let the crane go to the mountains to look for birds, and let anyone look at flowers all the time." Yuan Mei was a litterateur in Qing Dynasty and an advocate of "the theory of spiritual nature". He took literature as his lifelong career. Soul is also temperament. He believes that "a poet has a human temperament, and there is no poem outside his temperament." He also said: "All those who preach poetry are spiritual, regardless of piling up." He believes that poetry is the inner voice and the true expression of temperament. The article is best at parallel prose, winning the physique of the Six Dynasties and enjoying the reputation of articles for decades. He also looks like a composition. He is frank and frank, hates sitcoms, but attaches great importance to friendship. After the death of his friend Shen Fengsi, Yuan Mei offered sacrifices to sweep the grave every year, never stopping for 30 years, and his friendship with his friends was profound and touching. There are many works devoted to this issue, such as Fang Shan's poems, poems and gardens, prose and gardens, menus and gardens ... Among them, The Menu with Gardens is a systematic work on cooking techniques and dishes in North and South China, and the book is divided into fourteen parts, including information list, warning list, seafood list, miscellaneous list, dim sum list, rice porridge list and tea and wine list. In the list of instructions, he said at the beginning: "The way to learn, the foresight, and the diet." This article can be used as a general rule of diet, and the warning is simple: "For a politician, it is better to eliminate a shortcoming than to promote an advantage. If you can eliminate the disadvantages of diet, you will think more than half and make a warning list. " This article is exactly the same as the notice. It is worth mentioning that a "Tea and Wine List" comments on famous teas in the north and south, and also records a lot of tea-made foods, which is quite distinctive. Among them, there is a kind of "noodle tea", that is, after the noodles are boiled with coarse tea juice, sesame sauce, milk and other condiments are added, and the noodles exude a faint tea fragrance and taste delicious; "Tea leg" is a ham smoked with tea, which is fiery red in color, delicious in meat and full of tea fragrance. It can be seen that Yuan Mei is a person who has a good knowledge of tea and diet. After 65 years of traveling to famous mountains and rivers, Yuan Mei began to travel to famous mountains and rivers, Tiantai, Yandang, Siming and Xuedou in Zhejiang, Huangshan in Anhui, Lushan in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Fujian. He naturally tasted famous teas from all over the country and recorded them one by one. He described Changzhou Yangxian tea as follows: "The tea is dark blue, shaped like a sparrow tongue and like giant rice, and its taste is slightly stronger than Longjing." Referring to Dongting Junshan tea, he said: "The color and taste are the same as Longjing tea, with slightly wider green leaves and the least picking." In addition, such as Luan Yinzhen, Mei Pian, Maojian, anhua tea, etc. , has also been reviewed. In addition, he wrote many tea poems, such as the poem "Try Tea": "Fujian people's tea is like farming, carrying thousands of cars; I came to the world of tea, and I was deeply impressed ... "Describe the situation of ethnic tea in Fujian in general, and it seems that I have entered the world of tea. "Miscellaneous Poems on the Lake": "There are two flat chapters in the misty stone house, crossing the water and wearing flowers to ride the sunset; Ten thousand pieces of Lv Yun are a little spring, and the cloth skirt is red. " It is particularly striking to describe a tea-picking girl with a red cloth skirt picking tea in the sea of "ten thousand pieces of Lv Yun". "On the Fishing Beam Road": "The distant mountains are green and the mountains are low, and the stream before the flowing water meets the stream after; Every time I stay here for a long time, the tea pickers will spread out in the sunset. " It can be seen that when he travels, he not only appreciates the beautiful scenery of mountains and valleys, but also pays attention to the local "tea culture", which shows his love for tea. Tea tasting, tea tasting and Tibetan tea Yuan Mei visited Wuyishan at the age of 70 and was particularly interested in Wuyi tea. His previous impression of Wuyi tea was that "tea tastes bitter, just like drinking medicine", so he never liked Wuyi tea. However, in the fifty-first year of Qianlong (AD 1786), he visited Wuyishan and came to Manting Fengtianyou Temple and other places, but his impression of Wuyi tea was completely changed. He recorded the situation at that time in the menu with the garden. Tea and wine list: "Monks and Taoists compete for tea. The cup is as small as a walnut and the pot as small as a citron. Every time I pour one or two, I can't bear to swallow it. Smell its fragrance first, then taste it, chew slowly and be considerate. Sure enough, it's fragrant and sweet. After drinking one cup, try one or two more cups to relieve impatience and comfort. Longjing is clear, but its taste is very light. Although envy is good, rhyme is poor. Jade and crystal are completely different in nature. Therefore, Wuyi enjoys a world-famous reputation, which is really not enough. It can be cooked three times, but its taste is still unfinished. " Tea experts gave a detailed and vivid description from the teapot and tea set used to the steps, feelings and characteristics of Wuyi tea. A good cup of tea can really cleanse the dust and relieve irritability. Yuan Mei thinks: besides good tea, it must be collected properly in order to preserve it for a long time. Besides good spring water, temperature control is also an important knowledge to make a pot of good tea. He also has a wonderful description of this: "To cure tea, you must first hide water, and the water needs to be in Hui Quan. Why do people set up a post office?" But spring water and snow water can be hidden, and new water is hot and old water is sweet. Taste the tea all over the world, headed by the top of Wuyi Mountain. However, there are still not many tributes, and the situation is folk! "He thinks that to make tea well, you need good water first, and here he once again praised the tea produced in Wuyishan as the best in the world. Then he went on to mention the method of picking tea: "Secondly, there is nothing better than Longjing and Qingming. The former is called lotus seed, which is too tasteless, so it is better to use it more." "Make a flag and a shot before the rain, as green as jasper. The collection method must be wrapped in small paper, and each bag should be packed in a lime jar. After ten days, you have to change the ancient ash and put a paper cover on it, otherwise the gas will be exhausted and the color and taste will all change. " It can be said that the research is quite in-depth As for the cooking method, he also has a unique trick: "When cooking, use strong fire, and as soon as it rolls, use a heart-piercing pot to soak." After rolling for a long time, the taste of water will change! " Stop twisting and soak, and the leaves will float. Drink it as soon as you soak it, and the taste will change when you cover it. This news can't be sent from time to time. Pei Zhongcheng of Shanxi once said,' I went to Suiyuan yesterday and only had a good cup of tea, alas!' "Yuan Mei don't want to fame and fortune in officialdom, so he can live in his own way, carefree, carefree, so he can live to be eighty-two. Advocating that Yuan Mei lived in the so-called "prosperous times", his academic thoughts were very active, and the struggle between advocating Neo-Confucianism and opposing Neo-Confucianism, emphasizing Chinese studies and opposing Chinese studies was fierce. Yuan Mei stood firmly against Neo-Confucianism and Sinology. Corresponding to the struggle in academic thought, the struggle between retro and retro, re-education and subjective spirit in literature and art has never stopped. Yuan Mei is an outstanding representative of retro trend of thought and subjective spirit in Qianlong poetry circle. Yuan Mei advocated "the theory of soul" and "the theory of poetic quality" to oppose Shen Deqian's tone theory, which was popular in Qianlong's poetic circles, advocated restoring ancient ways and teaching poetry, and criticized Weng Fanggang's bad atmosphere of writing poetry based on Sinology. The poetics of mind advocated by him promoted the healthy development of poetry in Qing Dynasty, which is of great significance in the history of poetry in Qing Dynasty. Jiang Xiangnan's "Entertainment" said: "Yuan Jianzhai advocated the theory of spirituality alone, and Jiangnan Jiangbei followed it. Mao Sui recommended himself to Mr. Shen to win a sentence for him, which is more glorious than climbing the dragon and different from the altar. " Visible Yuan Mei's extensive influence. This theory advocates "soul theory". He advocates that a person should write his own personality when writing poems, and thinks that "from 300 poems to today, the people who preach poems are spiritual, regardless of piling up". Advocate to express one's mind directly and write one's own "temperament experience". It advocates the combination of "spirit" and "knowledge", takes temperament, intelligence and education as the creative basis, and takes "truth, novelty and liveliness" as the creative pursuit, thus combining innate conditions with acquired efforts to create good products, and holds that "poetry is written with a pen, such as beauty's hair, skin and smile, which are innate; Poetry and fu are used, such as beauty's clothes and jewelry, the day after tomorrow. " It advocates that literature should evolve and have the characteristics of the times, and opposes Tang Zong and Song. He ridiculed the verve school as "poor and arrogant", the style school as "puppet show", the texture school as "bone shop" and the Zongsong school as "begging for people to move". He also opposed Shen Deqian's theory of "gentleness and gentleness" and thought that "Confucius' poetry is credible and" interesting and resentful "; If you don't keep your word, you will be' gentle and honest'. " It is advocated that parallel prose and prose should be paid equal attention to, and parallel prose and prose, like the parity in nature, should not be neglected. The relationship between the same source and different currents, the coexistence of two peaks and the diversion of two waters. Poetry is fresh and meaningful, flowing freely. Landscape poetry is elegant and exquisite. Yuan Mei's literary thought has the viewpoint of development, which has impacted the feudal orthodox literary view and formalism. In addition, he emphasized the existence value of parallel prose as American literature, which has certain positive significance. However, most of his poems are about trivial matters around him, full of romantic ballads and lacking social content, and some of them are often flashy or even superficial. Appreciation of Style Yuan Mei, as an advocate of spiritualism in Qing Dynasty, was unwilling to be an official by nature, resigned in his prime, lived in seclusion and enjoyed himself, and never returned. He devoted his life to literature, wrote poems and wrote poems, and was brilliant, especially in style. The book Suiyuan Food List has a unique comment on tea and is an expert who knows and loves tea.