This is divided according to the expression of the content of the work.
(1) Narrative Poetry: Poetry has relatively complete story lines and characters, which are usually expressed by the poet's singing voice full of * * * *. Epic, story poem and poetic novel all belong to this category.
(2) Lyrics: It mainly reflects the social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require complete stories and characters. Such as love songs, carols, elegies, elegies, pastoral songs, satirical poems, etc.
First, there are four expressions * * *? 1, narrative description: Narrating the experiences of characters or the occurrence, development and change of things. Example: Appreciation of "Crossing Guazhou by boat on a snowy night, the iron will soon disperse in the autumn wind" (Lu You's book "Anger") wrote an unforgettable past in a narrative way that he personally went to the front line against gold. 2. description? Description: Describe and depict people, events and environment in vivid language. Example: "People who go to Jiangyue are only a few feet away, and lanterns shine at night. Appreciation: The poem, with the theme of the moon shadow in the water, vividly describes the egret bending over and spending the night quietly on the beach in the moonlight. The big fish at the stern jumped out of the water and made a harsh sound, which constituted the quiet beauty of the moonlit night on the river. 3. Comments: opinions expressed on the nature, right and wrong, value, characteristics and functions of people and things. Example: "It's not that chrysanthemum is preferred among flowers, but that this flower is more barren" (Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum) Appreciation: These are the last two sentences of the poem, which point out the reasons for loving chrysanthemum and praise the faithful character of chrysanthemum after weathering. 4. Lyric explanation: express the author's strong subjective feelings such as love, hate, likes and dislikes, emotion and philharmonic. There are direct lyric and indirect lyric. Example: "I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost. Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food. "Appreciation: The first sentence of the first couplet takes care of time, events and environment, writes about the hardships of tourists and directly expresses the poet's feelings. Compared with "hometown", "Hakka" will naturally give birth to a "sad" word. Second, the rhetorical method 1 is a metaphor for comparing one thing or situation to another. It can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy. It can highlight the characteristics of things and visualize abstract things. Example: "Looking at the landscape of Dongting from a distance, there are green snails in the silver plate" (Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting from a distance") is a clever comparison of "snails", and the mountain under the bright moon Yin Hui is compared to green snails in the silver plate. The colors are elegant and the mountains and rivers are integrated. 2. Metonymy means borrowing something related, not what you want to express. Metonymy can use parts to represent the whole, concrete to replace abstraction, and features to replace people. The use of metonymy makes the language concise and implicit. Example: "Do you know, do you know? It should be green, fat, red and thin "(Li Qingzhao's Dream). In the poem, leaves and flowers are replaced by "green" and "red" respectively, to describe the flourishing of leaves and the withering of flowers. 3. Exaggerated description expands or narrows the description of the image, characteristics, function and degree of things. It has the function of expressing things more prominently and vividly. Such as "white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is as long as long" (Li Bai's Song of Autumn Pu). The poet's exaggerated writing of white hair is as long as "three thousands of feet", which shows deep sorrow. 4. Dual interpretation is to express two relative or similar meanings with a pair of sentences or phrases with the same structure and the same number of words. Formally, the language is concise, neat and symmetrical; From the content point of view, the meaning is more concentrated and implicit. Appreciation of Examples "Leaves fall like waterfall foam, but I think the long river always rolls in" (Du Fu's Climbing the Mountain). From the perspective of composition and structure, this poem consists of four parts and eight sentences, each sentence is relative, round and natural, and there is no axe mark. " The endless falling of trees and the endless Yangtze River make the artistic conception of the poem broad and far-reaching, and the rustling of leaves makes people feel more colorful about the rolling water. More importantly, from here, I feel the pain that the poet's youth is fleeting and his ambition is hard to pay. 5. Analogy shows that describing things as people is called anthropomorphism, or describing people as crops is called simulacra. Contrast has the function of prompting readers to associate and making the people, things and things described more vivid and vivid. For example, "The frost bird steals its eyes before going down, and the butterfly breaks its soul if it knows each other" (Lin Bu's "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden"). "Sneak at first" says that the crane loves plums very much. Before it could fly down, it couldn't wait to peek at the plum blossom first. The word "broken soul" describes the butterfly's love for Mei, exaggerating her love for Mei to the extreme. 6. Parallelism means that several sentences or phrases with closely related contents, the same or similar structure and the same tone are spoken one after another. For example, the appreciation of "the old vine is a faint crow, the small bridge is a flowing family, and the old road is a thin horse in the west wind" (Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si) constitutes a typical environment of pure noun combination. 7. Ask questions first, and then express your opinions. The introduction of the question led to the whole article, with the question in the middle, connecting the preceding with the following, and the question at the end, which deepened the theme and made people memorable. Example: "Who is the hero in the world? There is wine on the river, which is opposite to Cao Gongheng. " (Yuan Xiao Qu Ling, written by Aruwei) Appreciation begins with a question, points out the theme, leads to the next, and describes the heroic achievements of the characters in the Three Kingdoms in different levels. 8. Rhetorical instructions express certain meanings in the form of questions. Used to strengthen tone and express strong feelings. Example: "Although the disciples in Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to make a comeback for you?" (Wang Anshi's Die Wu Jiang Ge) Appreciation uses a rhetorical sentence with a cold tone, emphasizing the inevitability of history. 9. From the beginning of the program, say something else to cause the lyrics to be sung. Appreciating Why My Jinse has 50 strings, and each string is a musical instrument like a flower, a youthful interval (Jinse by Li Shangyin), the first couplet was inspired by this instrument, from which we thought of "Chinese New Year". 10, the combination of reality and fiction means that real scenes and events are set against each other and intertwined with imaginary scenes and events to express the same feelings. For example, it's freezing and cold, the pavilion is late, and the shower begins to rest. All the accounts are in no mood, and the blue boat in homesickness is urging. Holding hands and staring at tears, I was speechless. ..... (Liu Yong's "Yulinling") Appreciate the last movie, except "I miss thousands of miles of smoke, and the twilight is boundless, I wrote down all the facts in front of me. A writer and his beloved can't bear to be separated and have to have another mood. This is the real writing. The next idea about future life is an empty article, deliberately depicting the poet's feeling of loneliness. The combination of reality and reality vividly writes about the reluctance to leave. Third, the expression technique 1, there are two ways to explain the useful things in allusions and quote previous poems. Using things is to express the author's thoughts and feelings through historical stories, including his position and attitude towards some problems in real life, personal feelings and wishes. , belongs to the ancient express my feelings. The purpose of quoting or using predecessors' poems is to deepen the artistic conception in poems, to urge people to associate and to seek meaning beyond words. For example, "In those days, Jin Ge was an iron horse, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger" (Xin Qiji's "Never Encountered Le Jingkou Gu Beiting Nostalgia") and "After a spring breeze, the wheat is green and green" (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") are all practical except reviewing the author's experience of going south 43 years ago. "When Jin Ge was an iron horse and swallowed Wan Li like a tiger" is about the heroic deeds of Emperor Wu of Song's Northern Expedition against the enemy. By praising Song Wudi, the author satirizes the humiliating and peace-seeking behavior of the Southern Song Dynasty, and shows the author's determination to resist the gold master and restore the Central Plains. ? Du Mu's poem quoted in "Spring Breeze Shili" shows the prosperity of Shili Long Street in Yangzhou in the past. Let the Wheat Green, the bleak situation that the writer saw today, is the real writing. These two contrasting pictures convey the poet's feelings about the prosperity and decline of the past. 2. Associative interpretation means that one thing is linked with another related thing, or similar features in things are linked together to form a typical example. Example: "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of strands of green silk hang down. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " (He's The Singing Willow) Appreciate the poet's association with the green ribbon from the drooping and graceful willow branches, and use clever metaphors to create novel images with unique romantic colors, which changed the symbolic meaning of willow leaves. 3. Imagination explains people's thinking process of creating new ideas through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis on the basis of existing materials and ideas. For example, "the lake is full of moonlight, and the mirror on the pool surface is not polished." Look at the Dongting landscape. There is a green snail in the silver plate. (Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting") Appreciation of this poem chooses the perspective of moonlit night, and through imaginative description, the lakes and mountains of Dongting are skillfully reproduced on paper. 4. The description of foil or foil refers to the use of ethidium to make the characteristics or traits of A more prominent. There are two kinds: front lining and back lining. Example: "A river that is gone forever, a person who has lost all the waves, a person who has been romantic for ages. On the west side of the base, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms. " (Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia") "Far away in Fuzhou, she is watching the moonlight, looking alone from her bedroom window. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is. Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? . (Du Fu's Moonlit Night) The appreciation of this poem aims to create a character image of Zhou Yu, but it begins with "a romantic figure of the ages", which leads to "how many heroes" in Battle of Red Cliffs, and finally focuses on Zhou Yu, highlighting Zhou Yu's main position in the author's mind. Couplets and necklaces describe the beauty of his wife, reflecting the poet's melancholy and painful mood. 5. Rendering instructions describe the environment and scenery from many aspects to highlight the image and strengthen the artistic effect. For example, "Apes whimper in the high wind in the wide sky, and birds return to the white sand in clear lake" (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain enjoys what he has seen and heard in the first section, and six close-ups appear one after another, rendering the characteristics of the scenery of Qiujiang River. 6. Symbolic description expresses concepts, thoughts and feelings with similar or similar characteristics through concrete images that are easy to associate. For example, "Castle Peak seems to be inhabited, but it is surrounded by county towns" (Li Deyu's Climbing Cliff Town). These two sentences describe that the green hills are surrounded by mountains, and his county town is tightly sealed and heavily fortified. It symbolizes the persecution of political opponents and the sorrow of writing. 7. Contrast and contrast means to compare two different things or situations with each other. Example: "The King of Yue Gou Jian defeated Wu Gui, and the soldiers took all their clothes and went home. Maids are like full spring palace, but only partridges fly today. " (Li Bai's Visit to Vietnam) Appreciate the first three sentences describing the prosperity of the past, and the last sentence describing the desolation of today, which forms a strong contrast and makes readers feel particularly profound, which contains the poet's deep historical thinking. 8. The description of suppression refers to both the aspects to be derogated and the aspects to be affirmed, and only one of them is highlighted to achieve the purpose of suppressing this and promoting that. There are two kinds: first rising and then restraining, first restraining and then rising. For example, "I don't know how to worry in my boudoir, but I make up for high-rise buildings in spring." Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. " (Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart) The appreciation of this poem adopts the method of praising first and then restraining. It wrote * * * "I don't know what to do" before saying that she "regrets". By depicting the subtle changes of * * *' s mood, it profoundly shows the sadness and sadness of * * * caused by moving the scene, and highlights the theme of "in my heart forever". 9. Reference description refers to making necessary answers to the contents written in front of the poem. This method is used properly to make the structure compact and rigorous. Ex: Is it raining all the way to Chu? The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly. (Wei's "Night Rain Farewell to Li Zhou") Appreciate the two sentences in the first couplet. The poet stood by the rainy river at dusk, pointed out the "falling rain" in the poem title, and took care of the word "send" in the poem title. 10, the dynamic and static description of things and scenery, the two set each other off and form an interest. For example, the birds in the sand head are silent, and the fish in the stern are screaming. (Du Fu's Mancheng Post) Appreciation of the "moving" of the fourth sentence of fish jump sets off the "quiet" of the first three sentences. 1 1, frontal/lateral description shows that the direct description of the description object is frontal description; Describe the things around the object to make it more vivid and prominent. Example: "A tree has thousands of branches in the spring breeze, which is softer than gold and softer than silk. Who owns the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng all day? " (Bai Juyi's "Yang Liuzhi Ci" "The desert is dusty, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Hebei at night and has been reported alive. " (Wang Changling's Joining the Army) Appreciate the first and second sentences of Baishi, and describe the beautiful shape of willow in spring in a positive way. The second sentence of Wang's poem describes the side situation. On the one hand, the wind is very strong, so it is convenient to roll up the red flag and March in a hurry. On the other hand, it is highly alert and unobtrusive, highlighting the tense atmosphere of war. 12, express one's mind directly, express one's feelings on the spot, and express the poet's philosophical thinking in the face of natural scenery. Example: "The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. " (Wang Zhihuan's "In the Lodge of the Heron") Appreciate the first two sentences describing the scenery, and the last two sentences directly express the feelings generated in such an environment. The natural situation, the vast weather and the poet's philosophy in front of this scene are integrated. 13, borrowing scenery to express emotion in the scenery shows that the poet's thoughts and feelings are not positive, and he is completely in the natural scenery in front of him, and he expresses emotion through natural scenery. For example, "Lonely sails cross the blue sky, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky" (Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou"). The figure of the old friend is getting farther and farther, and finally disappears completely. The rolling river is like thinking about friends constantly. 14, relying on things, shows that the author's feelings are fused on the basis of describing things as much as possible, and the author's heart is pinned. Example: "A tree has thousands of branches in the spring breeze, which is softer than gold and softer than silk. Who owns the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng all day? " (Bai Juyi's "Yang Liuzhi Ci") Appreciate relying on things to express ambition, and write that willow trees are alone in a deserted garden, expressing the feeling that talents are buried.