Appreciation of Beiting Monument (I) Beiting Monument
Once people take a back seat, like Jia Yi in Changsha, they look far and wide, but they can't see Chang 'an or their hometown.
There was a flute sound of "Plum Blossom" from the Yellow Crane Tower, and another drop of plum blossom was seen on the river bank in May.
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Jia Yi was demoted to Changsha in the Western Han Dynasty, and now I am an exile. I can't see Chang 'an's hometown in the west, so why not make me sad. Sitting alone in the Yellow Crane Tower, listening to the sound of flutes, I thought that Wu Hancheng in May must be full of fallen plums.
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Li Bai, whose word is too white, is called a violet layman. His ancestral home is Ji Cheng in Longxi (now Qin Andong in Gansu).
Born in the Western Regions (now the Chu River basin south of Balkhash Lake) in the first year of Chang 'an after Tang Dance (AD 70 1 year). When I was young, I moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) with my father. Teenagers show their talents, recite poems, read widely and exercise. From the age of twenty-five, I left Sichuan, wandered around for a long time and experienced more social life. In the meantime, due to the recommendation of wujun and others, it was presented to Hanlin at the beginning of Tianbao. But it is not taken seriously in politics. Destroyed by powerful people, he didn't leave Chang 'an until a year later, and his political ambition was not realized, which made him have a deeper understanding of political corruption at that time. Tianbao lived for three years and made friends with the poet Du Fu in Luoyang. In the Anshi Rebellion, out of the desire to quell the rebellion, he served as Wang Yong's chief of staff and was exiled to Yelang because of defeat. During the journey, I was forgiven and returned to the East. In my later years, I wandered around and suffered, and I died.
Li Bai's poems and songs sang his progressive thoughts with heroism, attacked powerful people and despised ethics. But there will always be negative emotions of incompetence and life like a dream. From the artistic point of view, his poems are rich in imagination, using bold exaggeration and simple language to form a bold and hearty style, and he is an outstanding representative of ancient positive romantic poetry after Qu Yuan.
In the Complete Works of Li Taibai, there are more than 130 poems describing women, accounting for about19 of all poems. This is compared with the poems that reflect women's life in the works of poets in previous dynasties. No matter in quantity, or in reflecting the breadth and depth of women's problems. It can be said that no poet can compare with Li Bai. Through poetic treatment of female themes, Li Bai shouted for these women from different angles, eulogized these "inferior people" and accused the whole society of injustice.
Loneliness, Acacia has become a disease ―― Singing by a businesswoman.
During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the economy developed rapidly, the politics was relatively stable, and the society presented a scene of prosperity. The further development of industry and commerce and cities has attracted many men to go out to do business, and businessmen value profits over points. Many businessmen are far away from home in order to seek business interests, which makes business women suffer from parting.
Li Bai, who was born in a merchant family, traveled across the country twice and knew the life, thoughts and feelings of the merchant class like the back of his hand. He sympathized with the sufferings of the businesswoman. He wrote many poems for them and poured out their inner pain. For example, the Long March: But at the age of fifteen, I raised my eyebrows and smiled, knowing that no dust can seal our love. Even to death, I will wait for you in my post, and I will not lose heart in the silent watchtower. Then when I was sixteen, you left, and the winding pond was a mess. Then in the fifth month, I couldn't help it anymore. The ape sounded like heaven. I looked at the place where you walked, your footprints in front of our door, each hidden under the green moss. Hiding under the moss is too deep to sweep away, and the first autumn wind adds leaves. Yellow butterflies in August, hovering in the grass of our West Garden in pairs. Because of all this, my heart is broken, and I am worried that my bright cheeks will fade. Oh, finally, when you come back through three Pa areas, send me a message home in advance! . I'll pick you up, and I won't mind the distance, all the way to Sha Changfeng.
In this poem, a businesswoman tells her story and expresses her love for her husband who is away on business. The poet skillfully connected some life fragments into a complete artistic whole by using the age ordinal method and the style of four seasons acacia. The businesswoman and her husband were childhood friends, and there was no speculation between them. However, since she got married, her husband often went out to do business, which made her very lonely. This is in stark contrast to the scene of getting along well and being happy when I was a child. The poem is full of the sadness of businessmen leaving and wasting their youth.
His "A Passage to Jiangxia" vividly describes the yearning and loneliness of a merchant woman: but marrying a businessman is full of praise and sadness. I haven't been to the countryside since I became husband and wife. Last year, I went to Yangzhou to see the Yellow Crane Tower off. Watch the sail go far. The heart is flowing by the river. Just say that the cycle is one year. Who is Sanqiu's calendar? My heart aches and I hate you. The contract is issued from time to time, and it takes no more than one month to go to the north and come to the south. I don't know where the luggage is going, but the audio book can cut it off.
The businesswoman came back soon. She saw her neighbor and her husband start at the same time. Only her husband failed to keep his promise. I was alone when I saw someone else's husband and wife reunited. She couldn't help crying, so she came to a conclusion: "If you regret being a businessman's wife, you will be separated forever." His inner suffering is beyond words, and his mood is bleak.
Say goodbye to sadness. Sadness and melancholy-recruiting women to sing
It is unfortunate to marry a businessman's wife. The wife who is a recruiter is even more miserable. Businessmen may come back one day, and there is still a glimmer of hope to meet each other, and once they are recruited, I am afraid that life is worse than death.
Li Bai's poems describing female recruitment are full of smoke, bonfires, tears and tears. They are extremely bitter and sad, full of dissatisfaction with the militaristic authorities and concern and sympathy for recruiting women.
For example, "Guan Shanyue" reflects the parting pain brought to women by the war. In the poem, the lonely and long-suffering recruiter has a lot of thoughts in the face of her long-term struggle relatives. The glimmer of hope that she was waiting for her husband to return to China was very weak, almost close to despair. "Those people who toss and turn in the upstairs room tonight and can't rest", she will always sigh in despair. The feeling of leaving others and thinking about women is often delicate and too sad in the works of ordinary poets, and correspondingly, the realm is often narrow. However, the poet Li Bai used "the bright moon is hanging high in the sky, and the smoke is vast." And the wind from thousands of miles, flapping the Yumenguan battlements of "Wan Li frontier fortress", can also cause this kind of lovesickness. With the vast space and time as the background, the immediate homesickness and parting feelings are integrated, thus developing a far-reaching artistic conception and exposing the pain caused by the great sacrifice brought by the war to countless recruiters and their families. This is beyond the reach of some other poets.
The whole article "Popular in the North" is shrouded in a sad atmosphere: heavy snow is falling, the cold north wind is whistling, and the whole sky is shrouded in gloom. A worried and worried prostitute remembered her husband who had not returned from a long trip from passers-by; From the bleak scene in front of me. It has aroused the concern of her husband who is far away from the Great Wall. "Don't mention the sword to save the blade, this is tiger gold. There is a white arrow in the forest, spiders spin webs and dust. The arrow is empty, and people die today. " Prostitutes can't bear to look at the relics left by their husbands any more, and burn them with ambivalence. However, grief and sadness are increasing, so in extreme grief, a cry of "The Yellow River can hold soil, and the north wind hates rain and snow" was issued. This cry of pain is a protest by poets and people, especially the victims of war, against the militaristic war.
The desert of love. Sad and sad ―― abandoning his wife and singing.
In the long feudal society, because women had no economic status, they could only serve as accessories of their husbands. The concept of feudal ethics that men are superior to women puts women at the bottom of society. They are not "people" at all, but men's playthings. In love and marriage, they not only obey "parents' orders and matchmakers' words", but also often suffer from being played and abandoned after marriage.
For example, Growing Old Together describes the story between Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru. Zhuo Wenjun abandoned his wealthy family and fled to Chengdu with Sima Xiangru to sell wine. And when Sima Xiangru was promoted to a higher position. Zhuo Wenjun's love is shaken, and she is ready to accept Maoling's daughter as a concubine. The poet shows the sadness of being abandoned from the perspective of women who are the main beneficiaries of the marriage tragedy. At the end of the poem, the two sentences "Two grasses are still one, and people's hearts are not as good as grass" point out the theme. It not only writes the sadness and pain of women, but also expresses the anger and condemnation of fickle and frivolous people, implicitly revealing uncontrollable indignation.
The elegy of love can be heard not only among the people, but also faintly in the long hall of the deep palace. Women in feudal society were unfortunate. Even if they are Gong E's concubines, they are like caged birds, without the freedom of life and the joy of love. They may be abandoned at any time after being played badly. Li Bai also expressed infinite sympathy for the "abandoned wives" in these palaces.
For example, his "Concubine's Misfortune" describes the unfortunate end of Queen Chen's fall from grace. "Han Xian emperor pet Gillian. The golden house of storage. The emperor indulged her so much that even if her saliva fell, it would be as precious as pearls. Indulgence to the extreme, love stopped, and the emperor's affection for her gradually faded. Nagato, step by step. Refused to temporarily return to the car. As soon as the rain falls, it can't fly to the sky, and it's hard to take back the water. The feelings of Emperor Wu and Gillian, their own affairs. Lotus, go over there. Today, the grass is cut off. How long can it take to convince people with color? " In poetry, we use metaphors to reason and metaphors to discuss. Compared with "falling out of favor", "hibiscus" and "mowing grass", we can see the significance in the comparison. The whole poem not only reflects the poet's sympathy for Gillian after falling out of favor, but also reveals the tragic fate of women in feudal society who regard color as a thing and love it when it declines.
Chivalrous, Fearless, Brave and Resolute ―― Songs of Brave Women
Women in Li Bai's poems. There are not only deep sympathy for "business women", "soliciting women" and "abandoning women", but also bold praise for some "brave women" who dare to resist the feudal social order. Although women's status was low at that time, they were not all weak people who complained. Some of them are even smarter, more loyal and braver than ordinary people. They fought for freedom and equality.
For example, Woman in the East China Sea describes a man who "retaliates against her husband by hurting his body". Despair for life. " Her martial arts is high, her swordsmanship is clever, and her heart is aboveboard and upright. In the face of her enemies, "ten steps and two heels, three calls and one hand." "behead the whole country and step on the five Tibetan lines." The poem is full of praise and praise for the chivalrous spirit of the woman, which is exciting to read.
Another example is "Qin Women's Practice": "The daughter of Simon Qin is as beautiful as a Qionghua. Waving poplar knives, kill your enemies during the day and night. Red blood spilled on the sleeves, heroic spirit ... "The poet created a heroine image who revenged her father with warm praise. Eulogize her chivalrous nature of integrity.
Through these poems describing chivalrous women, we can easily see that Li Bai's description of chivalrous women's behavior is not blind praise, but has its social significance. For example, the heroines in "Qin Nvxiu" and "Donghai Nvxia" were forced to take revenge because they had deep-rooted hatred and could not avenge their blood. Therefore, Li Bai's praise of the wronged weak can not be afraid of violence, which is actually a bold challenge to the feudal social order.
It is also in Li Bai's poems about women. Some vulgar "prostitute" works. For example, "there are thousands of welcome in the bottle." These descriptions are actually a true portrayal of the atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty. Because in the Tang Dynasty, singing and dancing with prostitutes was a fashion. Even Du Fu wrote, "Accompany nobles, have eight dogs, and take prostitutes to enjoy the cool", not to mention Li Bai, who is informal. Therefore, we can't use today's moral standards to demand the ancients, and making a fuss about such works is regarded as Li Bai's moral stain.
Li Bai, with his rich life experience, strong thoughts and feelings and sincere heart for working people, sang his own songs for women's freedom, equality and ideological emancipation in China. Really achieved the fate of breathing with "humble". Li Bai's female poems, like his other excellent poems, will last forever with time and history!
Appreciation of Beiting Monument (Ⅱ) Beiting Monument
Author: Li Bai
Once people take a back seat, like Jia Yi in Changsha, they look far and wide, but they can't see Chang 'an or their hometown.
There was a flute sound of "Plum Blossom" from the Yellow Crane Tower, and another drop of plum blossom was seen on the river bank in May.
To annotate ...
1. Jiangcheng, Wuhan alias "Jiangcheng" comes from the sentence "Plum blossoms fall in May in Jiangcheng".
2. Plum blossom falls: The ancient flute has "Plum blossom falls"
background
This is what Li Bai did when he exiled Yelang to Wuchang in the first year of Gan Yuan (758). This poem is about visiting the Yellow Crane Tower and listening to the flute, which expresses the poet's exile abroad. Jia Yi in the Western Han Dynasty was relegated to Changsha by the powerful minister for accusing the current politics. Li Bai was also implicated in the Li Lin incident in Wang Yong, and was exiled to Yelang on the charge of "disobedience". So the poet quoted Jia Yi as a homonym.
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"One is to move the capital to Changsha", which is to use Jia Yi's misfortune to compare his own experience, to reveal the resentment of innocent victims, and also to mean self-defense. But the political blow did not make the poet forget the state affairs. On the way to exile, he couldn't help looking to Chang 'an in the west. There are memories of the past, worries about national luck, and attachment to the imperial court. However, Chang 'an, Wan Li, is a long way away, how far is it from the relocated people! I can't help but be disappointed if I don't see it. When I heard the flute playing plum blossoms on the Yellow Crane Tower, I felt particularly desolate, as if the Jiangcheng in May was full of plum blossoms.
The poet skillfully used the flute to render sadness. Wang Qi quoted Guo Maoqian's Yuefu poems to illustrate the theme: "Plum blossoms are also a tune in the flute." In May and early summer in Jiangcheng, of course, there are no plum blossoms, but because the flute of plum blossoms is beautiful, it seems to see the scene of plum blossoms falling all over the sky. Plum blossoms bloom in winter, and although the scenery is beautiful, it inevitably gives people a feeling of awe, which is a portrayal of the poet's cold mood. At the same time, it also reminds people of the historical legend that Zou Yan was imprisoned and suffered great injustice. The expressive technique of linking music with musical images is what poetic theorists call "synaesthesia". The poet thought of plum blossom from flute, appealed to vision from hearing, and interwoven with synaesthesia, depicting the desolate scenery consistent with the cold mood, thus effectively setting off the sad mood of returning home and homesickness. Therefore, it is insightful to comment on this poem "Infinite Love Blows in the Flute" in the direct interpretation of Tang poetry. Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty said: "It is more important to keep your mouth shut when you are away from feelings. They only pay attention to the prospect and oral language, but there are overtones that make people out of reach, too white and meaningful. " (Volume 20 of Tang Poetry) This seven-character quatrain is good at "words are close to feelings, but words are not revealed", which makes people hear the poet's argot from the perspective of "blowing the jade emperor" and "falling plum blossoms".
In addition, the unique artistic structure of this poem is also very good. Poetry is written with the feeling of listening to the flute, but not in the order of smelling the flute and feeling, but feeling first and then smelling the flute. The first half describes the typical action of "looking west", vividly expressing the feeling of missing the imperial city and the sadness of "looking but not seeing". In the second half, I heard the flute, which revealed the bleak scene of "plum blossoms falling in May in Jiangcheng", and used the scenery to express emotion, so that the scene before and after lived together.