Junior high school Chinese courseware Part I: Peach Blossom Garden
Teaching objectives:
1. Read, recite and translate the text accurately and fluently.
2. Understand the literary knowledge about Tao Yuanming, and understand the dark reality of the author's dissatisfaction expressed by describing "Xanadu" and his thoughts and feelings of pursuing an ideal society.
3. Master the related notional words and function words in classical Chinese, as well as the phenomena of different meanings in ancient and modern times, polysemy and interchangeable words.
4. Clarify the narrative clues of the article and learn the twists and turns, suspense and fascinating writing methods of the article.
Teaching material analysis:
The poet "speaks with words" and fictionalizes a beautiful ideal realm in Peach Blossom Spring, which is closely related to his own experience. He resigned three times because he hated the corruption of the ruling class and the graft of officialdom. Although life is a little poor, living with ordinary people makes Tao Yuanming feel relaxed and happy. It is driven by this emotion that the poet described a paradise without earthly fetters-Xanadu.
This article has its own characteristics: first of all, it has a strong story and is quite legendary. Secondly, the author uses fictional stories to express his social ideals, and the full text is shrouded in mysterious fiction. Finally, the language of the article is beautiful and meaningful, catchy and worth tasting. So I think the key and difficult point of this course is: 1. Accumulate the usage of commonly used classical Chinese words. 2. Make students understand the order and details of writing this article and experience the beautiful and refined language. 3. Understand the author's social ideal and the author's thoughts and feelings.
Teaching philosophy:
Learning classical Chinese is one step at a time, down to earth, and you can't cut corners at all. At the same time, learning should not be too trivial and dogmatic, and students should use their brains to accumulate basic knowledge and feel the fun of learning classical Chinese. The ancients said, "If you read a book a hundred times, you will see what you mean." A good article should appreciate its beauty in reading and discover its beauty in speech. Therefore, in the teaching process, I am going to focus on guiding students to read, taste, speak and listen beautifully, and strive to make students feel the beauty of this article through these links, so as to cultivate their learning ability in the process.
Teaching time: two hours.
Teaching process:
first kind
First, create situations and introduce new lessons.
1. (Appreciating pictures) Students, when you see such beautiful scenery, which idiom will you think of? The idiom "Xanadu" contains a magical and fascinating story, which is an isolated and happy place in the Peach Blossom Garden written by Tao Yuanming, a poet in Jin Dynasty. Later, people used the idiom "Xanadu" to describe the ideal realm of comfortable life and beautiful environment, and now it is also used to describe utopia that is divorced from reality.
How does this passage specifically describe the beautiful realm of Peach Blossom Garden? Why did the author create such an ideal and beautiful realm? Now, let's go to this paradise with the fishermen!
Write "Peach Blossom Garden" on the blackboard and read the topic together. The main body of Peach Blossom Garden is a poem, but the poem is only a preface and a footnote. The original title is Peach Blossom Garden Poetry. However, due to its vivid story, complete structure and perfect expression, this Collection is not only an independent article, but also more widely circulated and loved by people than Poetry.
Second, the author's brief introduction, understand the background
1. Exchange information about the author (say first, then add).
Tao Yuanming (365-427), a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was known as "Mr. Jingjie" and "Mr. Wuliu" because there were five willows near his home. He was a native of Xunyang Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). He is the great-grandson of Fu Tao Naoto Kan, and his grandfather and grandfather were both officials. Influenced by family education and Confucianism, he had the ambition of "benefiting the people greatly" when he was young. On the occasion of the Eastern Jin and Song Dynasties, the society was in turmoil and the ambition was hard to be rewarded. Since the age of 29, he has worked as a few small officials. During several official careers, he felt that his career was dirty and dangerous. Finally, at the age of 465,438+0, he resigned from his post and returned to his hometown, and wrote the word "Return to Xi" to clarify his ambition. Since then, I have lived a secluded life of "raising my own money". Most of his poems describe the taste of rural life, show the rural scenery, and express his noble sentiment of loving rural life, preferring to associate with farmers and not colluding with rulers, but they also contain negative seclusion factors.
2. Writing background.
This article was written in the second year of Song Yongchu (42 1), when Tao Yuanming was about 57 years old. He refused the recruitment of the Eastern Jin government and refused to cooperate with the Emperor Wu of Song regime. He wrote poems in the Peach Blossom Garden and pinned his social ideals on it. "Poetry" traces the formation of the Peach Blossom Garden and praises the ideal society where people live and work in peace and contentment, such as "gathering silkworms in spring and reducing taxes in autumn". Ji is equivalent to the preface of a poem. It tells the story of Wuling doll entering the Peach Blossom Garden, which is full of novel color. The works largely reflect the desire of ordinary people to pursue a better life.
Third, reading the text, the overall perception
1. Read the text
(1) Read the text clearly (clear sentences, reasonable rhythm, moderate speech speed, etc. ) and fluency (fluent sentences, sonorous phonology, clear pause, no sentence breaks, etc. ), ask students to listen carefully and remember carefully.
(2) Students read the text aloud. Reading requirements: ① Pronunciation should be read correctly. Read sentences clearly. 3 intonation and rhythm should read the key points and feelings.
(3) Read by roll call, and students or teachers will comment.
(4) Students read the text together and feel the artistic conception of Taoyuan.
2. Understanding of the text
(1) The article is in the order of clues, from Taohuayuan to Taohuayuan, and then to Taohuayuan (or Taoyuan-Taoyuan-Taoyuan-
Taoyuan), a line running through, with distinct levels, storytelling, plot twists and turns, suspense, virtual reality, fascinating and full of "legend" color.
Qing: Take the fisherman's access to the Peach Blossom Garden as a clue, in chronological order. Discover-visit-leave (or discover-enter-be a guest-say goodbye-find again) (meaning right).
Please tell this story in simple language and tell me what interests you most.
Fourth, dredge the meaning of the text and accumulate knowledge of classical Chinese.
1. Understand the meaning of the text with notes, mark the places you don't understand and ask questions.
2. Focus on:
Notes and supplementary keywords in the book (1)
(2) Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times
Delicious ancient: bright and beautiful today: (taste) fresh
Traffic from ancient times to the present: refers to traffic.
Wife in ancient times: wife and children today: especially a man's spouse.
Regardless of the ancient: forget it, let alone today: conjunctions, forget it.
Desperate ancient times: a place isolated from the world today; A situation with no way out.
Insufficient: not worth today: insufficient, dissatisfied
So old; Like today; like this
Yan Gu: Today please: Yan. Extension.
(3) Common words: spread "invitation" and invite.
(4) Polysemy
She: abandoning the house is: so, actually.
Tools: detailed records: marks made by marking.
Sui: finally, then, look for it: look for it right away, soon.
(5) Synonyms
Possession, knowing, salty, is everything: all predestined friends, help: along the cloud and road: say yes, then: then.
(6) Idioms: Xanadu, suddenly enlightened, listening to the dog, enjoying yourself, being ignored, etc.
3. Text translation, telling the story of Taoyuan.
5. Review this lesson and talk about your gains.
I believe everyone has gained something from this lesson so far. Please share the fruits of knowledge you picked in this class with everyone!
Six, homework, consolidate the migration
1. Look up the dictionary to find out the meaning of idioms in the text.
2. Rewrite Peach Blossom Spring into a story in modern Chinese, or imagine a part of it and describe it vividly.
Practice reciting the text as much as possible and try your best.
blackboard-writing design
Taohuayuan (Tao Yuanming)
Clue: the fisherman's whereabouts, order: time
Fishermen want to swim in the stream and want to be poor in the peach blossom forest (discovery)
Take a boat from the mouth and enjoy the scenery of Taoyuan (into)
Have a drink and be invited to meet Taoyuan people (visit)
Having said that, there is no way out (look for it after leaving)
Second lesson
First, review the old knowledge.
1. Recall what we learned last class, such as the author, the meaning and usage of words, clues, order, story content and so on.
2. Show the results of reciting. What kind of world do you think Peach Blossom Garden is at this time?
Second, read the text
The first paragraph: At the beginning of the story, it tells the story of a fisherman who accidentally discovered the peach blossom forest while fishing.
1. How did the fisherman find the Peach Blossom Garden? Why "very different"? What role does this paragraph play in the full text?
Walking along the stream, forgetting the distance of the road ... suddenly enlightened. The fisherman accidentally discovered the Peach Blossom Forest. The beauty of the Peach Blossom Forest is unprecedented, so "the fisherman is very different". This passage highlights the characteristics of peach blossom Lynch and beauty, and at the beginning, it renders a mysterious and exciting color, paving the way for the fishermen below to visit the Peach Blossom Garden. )
2. How does the author describe the natural scenery of Taohua Forest? What is the function of scenery description?
(Hundreds of steps across the river ..... Britain is rich and colorful. In order to write that fishermen enter the Peach Blossom Garden, the mysterious atmosphere is rendered and the beautiful scenery of the Peach Blossom Garden is paved. )
How would you feel if you came here in such a strange and elegant environment? What is your inference?
Students can imagine boldly and speak freely. )
The second and third paragraphs: the story develops, describing the fisherman entering the Peach Blossom Spring, visiting the Peach Blossom Spring family and resigning.
1. What did the fisherman see after he entered the mountain?
Natural scene: the land is flat, and houses such as ... chickens and dogs listen to each other.
Life scene: among them, I grow crops, ... I have yellow hair and enjoy it. )
2. What kind of society does the author's description show us? What is the author's purpose in writing this ideal society?
A peaceful and well-fed society where everyone lives and works in peace and contentment. This ideal society and the dark realistic social form
In stark contrast. In real social life, wars are frequent, people are in dire straits; Peach Blossom Garden is a beautiful and peaceful scene.
The author clearly describes the Peach Blossom Garden and insinuates the reality, which reflects the author's longing for a happy life and his dissatisfaction with real life. )
Can you sum up the fisherman's feelings in the process of entering the Peach Blossom Garden with a poem? Doubtless there is no road, there is another village. )
4. How do people in Taohuayuan react when they see fishermen? Explain what?
("Frighten" to write the surprise of the arrival of strangers. It shows that Taohuayuan has been isolated from the outside world for a long time. This echoes the following article "From the Cloud … No matter Wei and Jin Dynasties". "Setting wine to kill chickens for food" and "asking questions with salt" show the enthusiasm, hospitality and simplicity of Taohuayuan people. )
5. Why do Taohuayuan people come to this place? Why not come back?
The ancestors of Taohuayuan people led their wives, children and neighbors to this isolated place in order to avoid the disaster in Qin Dynasty.
"Not coming back" shows that Taohuayuan people live and work in peace and contentment, and also reflects that they have suffered from war and have an attitude of "staying away from war". )
6. Why are the villagers "sighing"? When the fisherman was leaving, why did Taoyuan people tell him that "others are not humane enough"? What role does this sentence play in the development of the plot?
(Because Taoyuan is not easy to be discovered by outsiders, Taoyuan people "don't come back" and "are isolated from outsiders", which is the darkness of the world after Qin Dynasty.
I regret the changes of dynasties and the painful life of ordinary people in the world. They don't want outsiders to interfere with their calm, peaceful and happy life. This sentence laid the groundwork for the failure to find the Peach Blossom Garden below. )
The fourth and fifth paragraphs: the ending and postscript of the story, describing the situation that after the fisherman left Taoyuan, Taishou and others visited the Peach Blossom Garden one after another, but failed.
1. Since fishermen are "everywhere", is it contradictory to "get what they want" and "lose their way, lose their way"? What is the author's intention in writing this way?
(There is no contradiction, which makes people feel that Peach Blossom Garden is a place that seems to exist, but it does not exist. It also implies that Peach Blossom Garden is fictional and an ideal holy place for the author to stay. This not only strengthens the story's prevarication, but more importantly, it may arouse the readers' regret and make them yearn for this beautiful paradise. )
2. According to the fisherman's whereabouts, is it unnecessary to write Liu Ziji in the last section?
A man of noble character like Liu Ziji was very happy and wanted to see these words. It's true! This passage makes the Peach Blossom Garden attractive and untraceable, giving people a sense of reality and enhancing the expression effect. )
3. Which sentence echoes the last two paragraphs? ("Being a humanitarian is not enough")
Third, appreciate the characteristics of writing and understand the main idea.
1. The article takes the fisherman's whereabouts in and out of the Peach Blossom Garden as the order, with clear clues, clear focus and clear details. The focus of this paper is that the author expresses his social feelings through the Peach Blossom Garden, so the living environment and social customs of the Peach Blossom Garden are described in detail in the middle part, while the legendary stories of "meeting the Peach Blossom Forest" and "being fascinated by it" and "failing" are clearly and briefly written.
2. What are the characteristics of the text in the arrangement and handling of the plot? Please specify.
The twists and turns of the plot. The performance is as follows: ① What happens when the fisherman gets lost? Peach blossom forest is big and beautiful, and it is a magical place. (3) Where does the fisherman go when he wants to be poor in his forest? The fisherman's entrance to Taohuayuan Road is confusing, which makes people curious: What's in it? ⑤ Why is the scenery in Peach Blossom Garden so beautiful, and why is people's life so free and happy? When the fisherman resigned, what's the use of Taoyuan people telling him that "it's not humane enough for outsiders"? ⑦ Why do people look for the Peach Blossom Garden again and again but fail to return? This series of questions are closely linked, which makes the plot of the text full of twists and turns and makes readers more interested. )
How to evaluate the ideal society of "Xanadu" described by the author?
(It makes sense. For example, this ideal society shows the author's yearning and longing for an equal and happy life without exploitation and war, and the pursuit of a better future is the sustenance of a good wish. )
Fourth, expand and extend, and arrange homework.
1. Some people say that Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden is an active pursuit of a better life, while others say that he is a passive escapist. How to evaluate?
2. Experience Taoyuan: If you have personally visited the Peach Blossom Garden, please expand your imagination, describe a specific scene and show the beauty of Taoyuan.
blackboard-writing design
Taohuayuan (Tao Yuanming)
Explore the Peach Blossom Garden: Take hundreds of steps along the coast ... and then fall in love. (Beautiful scenery)
Entering the Peach Blossom Garden: What you can see: the land is flat and open ... Enjoy it. What I heard: I escaped from the Qin rebellion and came to this desperate situation, and I didn't come back.
(Good environment and stable life)
The second part of junior middle school Chinese courseware: Peach Blossom Garden
First, the teaching objectives:
Knowledge and ability:
1. Correct pronunciation
2. Accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and master its characteristics.
3. Understand the writer Tao Yuanming.
Second, the process and method:
Read aloud to perceive the content of the text, dredge the meaning of the text with the help of reference books and notes, then form a regular understanding by inductive comparison, and the teacher guides the students to dialectically evaluate Tao Yuanming's social ideal, and finally draw cultural nutrition from it.
Third, emotional attitudes and values:
1. Understand the progressive and negative significance of the author's ideal.
2. Understand the author's social ideal of pursuing equality, freedom and happiness, without exploitation and oppression, and the spirit of dissatisfaction with the dark reality.
Four, teaching difficulties:
Teaching focus:
1. Master the usage of ancient and modern synonyms and ellipsis in the text.
2. Grasp the ideological content and artistic features of the text.
3. Strengthen reading training.
Teaching difficulties:
Understand and evaluate the ideal state described in this paper.
In teaching, we should pay attention to deepening students' understanding of classical Chinese words and phrases by reading aloud. Students can understand the basic content of the text first, and then understand its language characteristics and ideological connotation.
Teaching time: two hours.
Five, teaching content and steps:
first kind
Teaching objectives:
Read the text carefully and find out the main meaning.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and master its characteristics.
First, the introduction of new courses.
An English writer once said, "A person who loves life can find beautiful factors even in the most painful times." Students often have this experience: when things are not going well, when you are upset, when you are depressed, you will imagine something happy, you will fantasize about the moment when everything becomes beautiful, smooth and happy, and you will forget the endless joy brought by success ... Tao Yuanming, a poet living in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is such a person. His life was full of ups and downs, but he pinned his hopes on a beautiful collision. The Peach Blossom Spring, which we are going to learn today, expresses his pursuit and desire for the ideal of life.
Introduce the author.
(1) Tao Yuanming, a famous poet with bright words, was a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Most of his poems are good at expressing rural scenery and returning home.
(2) The dynasty in which the author lived was characterized by social unrest, frequent wars and great suffering. Tao Yuanming has been a small official several times. Dissatisfied with the darkness of reality, he resigned and retired, devoted himself to the wilderness and sent his feelings to the mountains and rivers.
(3) This article is a preface to Peach Blossom Garden Poetry, which can be written independently.
Second, the pronunciation of reading aloud by Fan
1. Ask students to listen carefully to the teacher's punctuation and rhythm, and mark new words.
Realize the pronunciation of the following words:
Suddenly, people will go home.
2. Students read the text aloud.
Requirements: (1) Read sentences correctly and pay attention to tone and rhythm.
(2) Sort out the difficult words after reading.
3. Teachers should give guidance on reading aloud, which can be requested from the following aspects:
(1) Pronunciation should be accurate. For example, in "Go Home Right away", "Yao" is read as "invitation"; Ji reads "instead of" righteousness ".
(2) Read the sentences clearly. There are many antithetical sentences and four sentences in the text. You should read the sense of contrast. For example, "suddenly meet/peach blossom forest, pinch the shore/hundred steps, no/middle miscellaneous trees, fragrant grass/delicious, lost English/colorful."
3 intonation and rhythm should read the key points and feelings. For example, "① I wonder if I can't get out today, ② I don't know if there are any Han people."
(3) No matter in Wei and Jin Dynasties, stressed tones should be stressed and intonation should be slightly slower; The first sentence reads very gently. The second sentence has ups and downs in reading. There is a slight pause between the first sentence and the second sentence, and the second sentence should be closely connected. This can better read the meaning of emotion.
Thirdly, cooperative translation should be combined with third-line translation.
Dredge the key and difficult words in the text.
Fourth, independent summary.
"Xanadu" is an idiom that students are familiar with. From Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden. What kind of place is Taohuayuan? Why do you say' it is outside the world'? Next class, let's look for the answer from the text of Peach Blossom Garden.
Second lesson
Teaching objectives
Understand the author's social ideal of pursuing equality, freedom and happiness, without exploitation and oppression, and the spirit of dissatisfaction with the dark reality.
Teaching difficulties
Understand the progressive and negative significance of the author's ideal.
First, check the import.
1. Check the recitation of the first and second paragraphs.
2. Students orally explain the meaning of the idioms they checked correctly.
Second, overall perception.
The article takes the fisherman's access to the Peach Blossom Garden as a clue, in chronological order, from discovering the Peach Blossom Garden to visiting the Peach Blossom Garden and then leaving the Peach Blossom Garden. The first line is well-organized, story-telling, tortuous, suspenseful, fascinating and full of "legend" color. Students can read the full text and understand the main idea through the following questions.
How did the length fisherman find the peach blossom forest? 2. What did the fisherman see at the end of Taolin?
3. What conversations did the fisherman have with the villagers when he was a guest in Taohuayuan?
4. What did the fisherman do after he left the Peach Blossom Spring, and what was the result?
Third, communication and interaction.
1. Read the text aloud and try to recite it. 2. Divide the article into sections and summarize the meaning of the paragraphs.
It is divided into three parts according to the fisherman's whereabouts.
The first part (section 1) describes how a fisherman accidentally {discovered} a peach blossom forest while fishing.
The second part (section 2 ~ 3) describes the fisherman's {entry} into the Peach Blossom Garden, his visit to the Taoyuan family and his resignation.
The third part (from the fourth quarter to the end) describes the situation that after the fisherman {left} Taoyuan, the Taishou sent people to {search} Taoyuan one after another without success.
3. Question: How did the fisherman find the Peach Blossom Garden? Walking by the stream, I forgot the distance of the road and suddenly met the peach blossom forest. )
4. Why is it "very different"? What role does this paragraph play in the full text?
I stumbled across the Peach Blossom Forest. The beauty of the Peach Blossom Forest is unprecedented for fishermen, so "fishermen are very different". Paved the way for fishermen to visit the Peach Blossom Garden below.
5. How did the fisherman get into the Peach Blossom Garden? What kind of scenery did you see?
It is not easy to enter the Peach Blossom Garden: "Lin Jin"-> "a mountain"->; "small mouth"->; Enter "->" extremely narrow "->;" Re-entry "shows that Peach Blossom Garden is hidden, isolated and difficult to find.
6. Question: How does the author describe the natural scenery of Taohua Forest?
Walking along the shore for hundreds of steps, there are no miscellaneous trees in the middle, the grass is delicious, and English is very colorful. (Wonderful scenery)
7. Question: How does the author describe the living environment of Taohuayuan?
The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo, and the traffic in the building is busy. (Beautiful and quiet environment)
Among them are men and women, dressed like strangers, with yellow hair and enjoying themselves. (Life is easy and happy)
8. Question: How does the author describe the hospitality of Taohuayuan people? You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. The others went home, eating and drinking. (Simple folk customs, warm hospitality)
9. Question: Why are Taoyuan people "scared" when they see fishermen?
Writing about Taoyuan people's surprise at strangers shows that Taoyuan has been isolated for a long time.
10. Why do Taohuayuan people come to Taohuayuan Village? What sentences describe the long-term isolated life of Taohuayuan people?
(1) Since Yun Zushi avoided the chaos of the Qin Dynasty, he led his wife to this desperate situation and did not return, so he was separated from outsiders.
⑵ You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han people or Wei and Jin Dynasties. Don't like war, dissatisfied with life outside, isolated from the world.
1 1. Q: The fishermen have all heard it. Why do Taoyuan people "sigh"?
Discussion summary: I regret that the world outside Taoyuan is so dark, and I regret that people outside Taoyuan have not lived a stable and peaceful life.
12. Question: What are the reasons why China people's words are not enough for outsiders?
Discussion summary: I don't want outsiders to disturb the life here. It is also a foreshadowing for finding another paradise below.
13. Question: When a fisherman leaves Taoyuan, he "looks around". Why did he "find what he wanted, lost his way, lost his way" when he went back?
The purpose of the author's writing is to make people feel that Taoyuan is a seemingly empty, real and unreal place. Suggesting that Taoyuan is fictional. It makes people feel that the Peach Blossom Garden is a place that seems to be like nothing, like truth and fantasy, and it also implies that the Peach Blossom Garden is fictional and an ideal holy place for the author to stay, which can be met but not sought. )
14. Q: Why was Taohuayuan the ideal society at that time? How should we evaluate today?
The imaginary paradise of the author contrasts with the real society in which the author lives. It has beautiful scenery, fertile land, rich resources and simple folk customs. No oppression, no war, social equality, peace and tranquility were indeed the ideal world for people at that time and even the whole feudal society. This ideal reflected the wishes of the broad masses of people to a certain extent, but it was impossible to realize under the conditions at that time, so it was just an illusion. )
15. Why did the author make up such a paradise?
Clarity: At that time, the society was dark and chaotic, and the author used this to express his yearning for peace and a better life. This is not only the author's spiritual sustenance, but also the embodiment of the aspirations of the broad masses of the people, so it is the author's beautiful dream.