This poem Qi Gu and "Zou Ma Chuan Xing" were written in the same period, for the same thing, and as a gift to the same person. However, "Zou Ma Chuan Xing" does not describe the battle, but uses the scene of the soldiers marching at night in the wind and snow to highlight the inevitable victory; this poem directly writes about the battle formation, and the specific technique is also different from the previous poem. This poem can be divided into four levels.
The first six sentences describe the tense situation between the two armies before the battle. Although it creates an atmosphere, it is different from "Walking Horses and Rivers" which starts from the natural environment. There were flying sand and rocks, suggesting that there would be a fierce battle; but here we started directly from the battle formation: on the city wall where the military headquarters was located, the sound of horns pierced the night sky, showing a strange silence, suggesting that the troops were in a state of intense preparation for war. According to "Historical Records·Tianguan Shu": "Pleiades are Maotou (Yatou), Hu Xingye". The ancients believed that the jumping of the Yangtou was responsible for the rise of the Hu soldiers, while the "falling of the Yangtou" was responsible for the destruction of the Hu soldiers. "The trumpet was blown in Luntai City on the first night, and the north pole of Luntai City fell", starting with the three words "Luntai City", creating a coherent tone and highlighting the wartime atmosphere surrounding this city. Linking the two phenomena of "blowing horns at night" and "falling heads" can not only express a sense of hostility, but also symbolize the sure victory of the Tang army. The atmosphere was brewing, and then he added: "Yu Shu passed by Quli (southeast of today's Luntai County, Xinjiang) last night, and Shanyu was already in the west of Jinshan (Altai Mountain)", explaining that the reason for the tense situation was that Hu Bing had invaded. The technique of inverting cause and effect makes the beginning of the story surprising and alarming. "The Chanyu is already in Jinshanxi" and "Han troops are stationed in Taipei" use the same sentence pattern and the two characters "zai" to express the confrontation between the two armies. The two opposing sides were so close that "the garrison building looked to the west looking black with smoke and dust", which wrote a kind of silence on the verge of fierce battle. The situation is so tense that it is about to explode.
The following four sentences describe the departure and engagement of the army during the day. The technique is very different from the description of night marches in "Zhou Ma Chuan Xing". There, people walked in a hurry, did not hear the sound of people, and tried their best to describe nature; but here, they tried their best to exaggerate the playing of flutes and drums, which is a majestic formation and an upright flag, highlighting the army. of prestige. The beginning of the chapter is so abrupt, but the author is so calm and calm, and the momentum becomes more and more apparent every time he relaxes. The author naturally likes to write about strong winds, heavy snow, extreme cold and heat, and the same style is used when writing about military affairs. The general is the "general" who supports the war (a symbol of military power), the three armies are written as "big army", and the soldiers' shouts are "big army". call". In short, "the characters it represents are actually the greatest, most majestic, and most joyful, just like the drum music played by an ensemble of 120 drums and 70 golden cymbals, which is very shocking to people's eardrums. And that The poet who is as fragile and sad as silk and bamboo is just the opposite." (Xu Jiarui's "Cen Shen") The army's majesty is beyond nature, as if the frozen snow sea is also turbulent, and the towering Yin Mountain is shaking. This is a superb expression. Show an invincible spirit.
"The three armies shouted that the Yin Mountains are moving", it seems that the Hu soldiers will also be defeated like a mountain. Little did they know that in the following four sentences, the author made a twist: the battle was not overwhelming, but extremely difficult. "The enemy's troops are so powerful that they are stationed in Yuntun", which means that the opponent's army has gathered so much. The poet uses the strength of the opponent's troops to highlight the greater strength of his own troops. This method of using strength to contrast strength is excellent. "The bones on the battlefield are entangled with the grass roots", using the bleak atmosphere of the battlefield to imply that the battle must have heavy casualties. The following two sentences also describe the extremely cold climate. Place names such as "Jianhe" and "Shakou" have general meanings, and the place names themselves also seem to have a murderous aura; "Ji" is used to describe wind, and "Kuo" is used to describe snowflakes, which highlight the characteristics of the border climate; and "Stone Frost" The phrase "the horse's hooves fell off" is particularly strange: stone is hard, but "stone freezing" is even harder. It can actually make horses' hooves fall off, which means that the hardship of the war is self-evident. The author writes about the coldness and sacrifice, which seems to exaggerate the horror of war, but this is not his ultimate goal. As a poet with a strong will and a fondness for majestic and heroic things, writing so vividly and vividly about the severe cold and danger on the battlefield is to face up to and appreciate a tragic scene. When he writes in this way, he is praising the soldiers for their courage and disregard for their own lives. The more he writes about danger and pain, the "more proud he becomes, just like a person who eats spicy food. The more spicy tears come out, the happier he becomes." (Xu Jiarui's "Cen Shen") The words "sweet, bitter and pungent" mentioned in the next layer should also be used. Including his own experience.
The last four sentences echo the title, wish for victory, and conclude with praise. In the thirteenth year of Tianbao's reign, Changqing was granted the title of Jiedushi to photograph the imperial censor. The censor was second to the prime minister in the Han Dynasty, so he was called "sub prime minister" in the poem. "Oath to report to the Lord to be quiet in the dust", although only "oath" is written, through the frontal description and side contrast of the war in the first two layers, it has strongly hinted that the outcome of this battle will be won. The last two lines of pre-congratulations, saying "who is missing", mean that the ancient people's fame and achievements are recorded in Jian Ce, and have been passed down by thousands of people. They have long since realized that they are no longer new. To count the famous people, we should look at the present day. "Now I see that the achievements and fame of the ancients are better than those of the ancients", simple and unpretentious but striking, it echoes the beginning of the chapter and is enough to inspire the whole article. The upper level describes the hardships of the battle, while here the glory of victory is written, with ups and downs. The previous two sentences were all in rhyme and the rhythm was fast, but these four sentences were in one rhyme, giving it the relaxed and happy feeling of playing a good song. In the eyes of other poets, on the one hand, it is "the bones of the battlefield entangled with the grass roots" and on the other hand, "the achievements of the ancients are better than those of the ancients", which inevitably leads to the emotion of "one general's achievements and thousands of bones are withered", indicating that his sympathy is for the weak. As an important representative writer of the romantic poetry style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Cen Shen undoubtedly preferred the strong and liked to create the image of "superman". Isn't this what readers feel from "Who has not seen the ancients and the Qing Dynasty, but now the achievements and fame of the ancients are better than those of the ancients"?
The whole poem is written in four layers, with rhythm and rhythm, compact structure, and excellent coordination of music and mood.
There are positive descriptions, side contrasts, and techniques such as symbolism, imagination, and exaggeration, especially to exaggerate the majesty of the army, creating a very grand and magnificent picture, making the whole poem full of romantic passion and the atmosphere of frontier life, and successfully expressing the officers and soldiers of the three armies. The heroic spirit of serving the country. In this regard, it is no different from "Walking Horses and Rivers".