Mencius said to him, "Zhong Ni's disciples have no literary knowledge, and Zhong Ni is the word of Confucius. Disciple, student. Tao: Great. Huan Wen: The provincial name of Jin Wengong, Qi Huangong. Mencius was once a disciple of Zisi (the grandson of Confucius), so he said so. But there will be no legends in the future, so: so. Biography: Biography. Yan: two words, to them, to their behavior. "Zhi" refers to what is right. I haven't heard of it. Negative pronoun prepositional object. ○ Mencius advocated "kingly way" and opposed hegemony by force, so he cleverly withdrew the matter of Huan Wen under the pretext of "no way" and "no biography". Although the words are euphemistic, aside from the topic, in fact, it categorically shows that "hegemony" is not worth talking about. Nothing, with: same as "already", verb, stop. "Wu" is an idiom in classical Chinese. The literal translation here is "endless", which means "if you have to say it". Where is the king? "So: So. King (King): Unify the world for the king. This clause is equivalent to saying "Then I invite you to say" King ",omitting the subject" I "and the predicate" Yan ". ○ The original intention of this paper is to preach "kingly way", but it starts with asking "overbearing" and leads to "kingly way" by abandoning "overbearing". From the beginning, it was included in the category of refutation and argument, and the literary situation was frustrated.
He said, "What kind of virtue can make you king?" Morality: refers to the morality of the monarch.
He said: "Keep the people king, and drink it to resist." Protect the people: make people's lives stable. Bao, Ann, this is the causative usage. Nothing can stop him. Negative pronoun prepositional object. ○ Mencius said, "Virtue is king." The key to rule the world is to be kind to the people, so first of all, it is clearly put forward that "protecting the people is king", which is the central argument of this paper.
The first paragraph: put forward the central argument of "protecting the people is king".
He said, "If I am a person, how can I protect the people?" Protect the people: that is, "protect the people as kings", and the above is omitted.
Say, "Yes." ○ First, let Qi Xuanwang build confidence.
Yue: "How do you know I can do it?" Why: From where.
"I heard that Hu Bi said: Hu Bi (H): the latest minister in Qi Xuanwang. The grammatical structure of "I smell Hu Bi Yue" is: "I smell Hu Bi and Hu Bi Yue", and "Yu Hu Bi" is the complement of "Wen". Yue "is the word" Hu Bi "in the former province. , refers to the following Syria. The king sits in the hall, and the hall is the palace. Others got mad and went down the hall. F: Yes. Wang Jianzhi said, "What is a cow? He: interrogative pronouns as objects and prepositions. One: verb, go. Right: "This will be a clock." Save the object "Zhi" after "Yi" (referring to cattle). Trouble clock: Casting a new clock, sacrificing it as a sacrifice, and taking blood to paint its gap is called trouble clock. The king said, "Give it up! Give up (shě): Let go. Can't bear to be swaddled, swaddling: eyes trembling with fear. If you are innocent, you will die. "If: pronoun, so, so. As an adverbial of "nothing". Just: Go ahead. He said, "but why use a clock? But it is a conjunction structure composed of pronoun "ran" and conjunction "ze". If so, then. He said, "What can we do? Mr. Hu: Why, where? Trade sheep for it. "Yi: pour it. Don't know anything? " Knowledge: I know. Zhu: The homophonic words. This story is a copy of the following discussion.
Say, "Yes."
He said: "The heart is king. It's the heart: this kind of heart. Enough: auxiliary verb structure, completely ok, enough. People regard the king as their lover, so they think. Love: stingy. I know the king can't stand it. " Real: adverb, originally. Wang Zhi can't bear it: the subject-predicate phrase is the object of "knowledge", and the word "knowledge" cancels the independence of the phrase. ○ The example of Wang Xuan's own experience proves that he has a "unbearable heart" and determines that he has the basis of "protecting the people as kings", that is, the basis of "kingly way", thus firmly combining him with "kingly way". At the same time, insert the phrase "All the people love you", which leads to the following arguments of Wang Xuan and Mencius.
The king said, "Of course there are people. Cheng: Indeed. Speaker: a special demonstrative pronoun, which refers to "people" again. Although the State of Qi is small, it is small (biān): narrow. Why do I like a cow? Ho: as adverbials, why and why. Is that I can't bear to part with its infancy, that is; Jiu (Shi), adverb, adverbial. Innocent people die, so it is easy to change sheep. " Therefore: therefore, therefore.
He said: "The king and the people love him no different. Nothing: pass "nothing", adverb, don't. Strange, here means feeling strange. Yes People love you: the subject-predicate phrase is the object of the preposition "Yu", which constitutes the preposition structure and serves as the complement of "different". " "Zhi" is used between the subject and predicate of a subject-predicate phrase to cancel the independence of the phrase. A little is easy, and what goes around comes around! They mean the people. Evil (wù): an adverb to express rhetorical question, how, where. If the king dies hiding his innocence, if: hypothetical conjunction, if. Yin: I feel sorry and sad to have fallen off the horse. Where are the cattle and sheep? "then: then. Bo: The difference. Yan: Modal particles.
Wang smiled and said, "Why are you sincere? Yes: the demonstrative pronoun, this, is the subject of the sentence. He Xin: What kind of psychology? I don't love its wealth, and it is easy to use it as a sheep. It is appropriate for people to call me love. I should. Is the predicate of a sentence, preceded by an exclamation point. Tribal tiger, modal particle, expressing exclamation. People call me love: the subject-predicate phrase is the subject of the sentence.
He said, "It doesn't matter if it doesn't hurt. To hurt or destroy. Yes, this is a kind technology, and it is: this. Nye: adverb, JIU (yes). Benevolence: a kind heart. See the cow but not the sheep. What is a gentleman to a beast? Yes. Seeing his life, I can't bear to see his death. Smell its sound, sound: refers to the whine when being slaughtered. Reluctant to eat its meat. Far cooking is also a gentleman. " Far: The causative use of adjectives makes ... far away. Old reading Yu m: n. Páo kitchen: kitchen.
The second paragraph: demonstrates that the internal condition of "protecting the people is king" lies in "unbearable heart", and illustrates with concrete examples that Qi Xuanwang and the Philippines do not have this condition, which lays the foundation for putting forward their own opinions.
The king said, say, with "yue". Yue: Poetry Cloud: Poetry: refers to the earliest collection of poems in China, The Book of Songs. Others have a heart, he: a pronoun, something else. Think about it. "meditation (cê nduó): speculation. Pay, guess; Degree, measure. These two poems are quoted from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Qiao Yan. Master is also called. Say "sir". "Master" is the object, with pre-emphasis. In other words, auxiliary words play a role in promoting objects. I do what I do, Fu (fú): Send a message. Yes: pronoun, so, so. As an adverbial. But asking for it, the other way around: come back. Ask: Deduce. One: refers to the reason for doing so. Not my heart, but: understand, understand. Mind: An idea (when doing this). Confucius said, one thing: donate what Mencius said. There is sorrow in my heart. It means that my heart will move and I will understand something. Sadness, the appearance of inner touch or understanding. What's up, modal particles. Why is this heart suitable for the king? Therefore, it is consistent with the king: a reason consistent with the king's implementation. Therefore, the reason is that ....
He said, "There is a return to the king. Yue: Reply: Report. Child: Item. I am strong enough to catch hundreds of fish, enough: this means "can". The following two "enough" are the same. Jun: the name of the ancient unit of weight, 30 Jin is a jun. Not enough to lift a feather, but: the table turns, and. Bright enough to see the end of autumn, bright: visual. Look carefully, which means to see clearly. Qiu Hao: New hairs of birds and beasts in autumn. End: the front. I didn't see the salary. " Yu (yú) salary: the whole car and firewood. Metaphor is big and easy to see. Yu, car. What about Wang Xu? "So: So. X: I believe it. ○ In Mencius' view, the reason why the unbearable heart is suitable for being king is that if you have this heart for the people, you can "protect the people" and get the support of the people. However, although Qi Xuanwang felt sorry for the cow, he didn't show kindness to people. If we want to persuade Wang Xuan to become king, we must make him understand the truth of mercy. So this section does not directly answer Wang Xuan's question "Why is this heart suitable for the king?" Instead, it is a clever metaphor, which prepares for the issue of pet promotion in the next literary theory in a roundabout way.
Say, "No."
"This kind of grace is enough for animals, and: achieve. And those who can't contribute to the people, merit: merit. Speaker: Modal particle, which means Teton. Alone with what? Independence: adverb, after all, expresses rhetorical mood. However, a feather did not rise, rose: the passive heart was raised. This is a clause, and the structural auxiliary word "zhi" is used between the subject and the predicate, indicating that the meaning of the clause is not finished. Because there is no effort; For: conjunction, because. The following two words "for" are the same. Yan: Modal particles, the following two words "Yan" are the same. The lack of salary can be seen in the passivity of thought. No need to be clear; People lack insurance, lack insurance: they are not appeased. Look, auxiliary verb, passive. Why not be kind? So Wang is not a king, and the second "Wang" is a verb, pronounced wàng. Don't do this. I have to do this. A, with three parallel sentences, the first two sentences are metaphors, which effectively shows that Qi Xuanwang "does not need kindness" to the people; Then it boils down to "don't do it" and "can't do it"
Yue: "the shape of those who do not do it, the shape of those who do not do it: concrete performance." Why is it different? " Why: Why? Difference: verb, difference, difference.
He said, "Carry Mount Tai across the North Sea and put it (xié) under your arm. Mount Tai: Mount Tai. Super: Skip. North Sea: Bohai Sea. Language people say: language (y? ): tell. I can't. Yes, I can't. Yes: pronoun, this. Be the subject of this sentence. Cheng: Adverb, indeed. Folding branches for the elderly,' dragon (zhǎng) people: the elderly, elders. Break a branch: break a branch. Also: "branch" passes through "limbs", so it is also interpreted as bending the waist or massaging the limbs. All three solutions refer to simple things. The speaker said,' I can't. Do it if you don't do it. Yes: this one. Therefore, the king is not the king, not relying on Mount Tai to surpass the North Sea and so on; The king is not a king, but a broken branch or something. Yes: this one. ○ Thirdly, metaphor further shows that "king is not king" is subjective "inaction" rather than objective "impossibility". I am old, and people are old; The first "old" is used as a verb to show respect. Second, third, two "old" nouns, old people. Take: preposition, followed by the object "zhi". And: push and extend to. Young people, young people, young people; The first "young" is to love as a verb; The second and third "young" are used as nouns, son. The world can be controlled by your palm. Run in your palm. It is a metaphor for good governance in the world. There is a poem that says,' punish the widowed and set an example for the wife. Punishment, like "type", is used as a verb here to set an example and play an exemplary role. Widowed, the monarch's humble title to his wife, just as the monarch calls himself "widowed." As for brothers, as for: refer to and extend to. To defend the country. With: conjunction, which can be translated as "thus" and "further" here. Royal: Governance. Hometown: Hometown and state. "Home" refers to the political area ruled by doctors, and "state" refers to vassal states. These three sentences are from the Book of Songs, which are elegant and fantastic. Just words on the quilt. Omit the subject "Ben" before "Yan". This sentence ... this (but) says ... Take it. Si Xin: This kind of mind (love the person you love). Alice, here you are. Zhu: The homonym of "Yu". P: The third person pronoun is used here as "others". Just: just. Therefore, promoting kindness is enough to protect the four seas and promote kindness. Protect the four seas: appease the world. Bao means "protecting the people is king". The four seas, the ancients thought that China was surrounded by the sea, so they called all China "within the four seas", "within the sea" or "the four seas". You can't protect your wife if you don't push kindness; Wu Ye: The auxiliary verb structure formed by the combination of verbs and prepositions, can't, can't. Wife: wife and children. Ancient people were so great because they were useless, so they were so great: because they were much better than ordinary people. Pass: to surpass or surpass. He: something else. Yan: Modal particles. It's just good at pushing what it does. Promote what they do: publicize what they do. Nothing more: nothing more. ○ Put forward "pushing kindness" as a practical way of "protecting the people as kings" to concretize the concept of kingly way; It is thought-provoking to explain the different results of "pushing grace" and "not pushing grace" by comparison. Today's kindness is enough for animals, but not enough for people. What's the only thing? Yes, it is represented by a scale (chèn). Then know the weight, and then: conjunction structure is still used in modern Chinese. Degree (duó), measured with a ruler. Then know the length. Everything is natural, and things: things. Ran: Pronouns, like this. How thoughtful. People's hearts are more (need to be measured). Wang, please measure it! Please: an adverb of respect.
The third paragraph: It proves that the practical way to protect the people is to push benevolent policies for the people, which shows that there is no inaction in Qi Xuanwang at present, only inaction.
"Suppress Wang Xing's soldiers, suppress: conjunctions, or. Xing: to make prosperity means to wage war. " "Line" is a causative usage. Armored troops, armored weapons, and weapons refer to war. Dangerous officials put soldiers and officials in danger. Danger is the causative usage. Blame the resentment on the vassal. Y: the same. And then hurry? "Quick: Happy. ○ Know perfectly well past ask, which leads to the following argument.
The king said, "no, how can I be fast enough?" Why? As an adverbial. So: prepositional structure, as a supplement to these. I will seek what I want. " Take: preposition, followed by the object "zhi". With these. Desire: What you want most.
He said, "Can you hear the great wish of the king?"
Wang smiled and said nothing.
Yue: "Why is fat and sweet not enough? For: Because. Fat and sweet: adjectives are used as nouns, and fat and sweet food. Light is not warm enough for body and body? Light and warm: adjectives as nouns, light and warm clothes. Suppressing color selection is not enough by eyes and? Not enough sound? Isn't it enough to place an order before? Pi ànpì: The monarch is close to people who love medicine. All the ministers of the king are enough to provide, but is the king really right? What: no. ○ Using the method of juxtaposition of five elements and screening, we skillfully come to the conclusion that Qi Xuanwang's "great desire" is dominating the world.
Said, "No, I didn't do it right."
Yue: "However, the king's great desire can be known; Already: same as "Yi". Open the land, open it. Go find Qin Chu and put Qin Chu on the stand. Super, causative usage. China, Li: condescending, extended to rule. China: It refers to the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin. And caress the four barbarians. Caress: to soothe. Forty-one: Foreigners from all directions. Yi nationality, an ancient disparaging term for Sifang ethnic minorities outside the Central Plains. ○ Reveal the key points. If do, if: pronoun, so, as the attribute of "do". What did you do: How did you do it? Seek what you want, seek: pursue. What you want: What you want. I still want to eat fish because of wood. Edge wood: climb trees. Edge, climb. ○ Using the metaphor of "looking for fish by the tree", the line error of "overbearing" is vividly shown.
The king said, "What if it's good?" Is the inversion of "even" so serious?
Holmium: "It's almost nothing. I'm afraid there are more serious things than this. Almost: adverb, indicating speculation and uncertainty, I'm afraid, maybe. Yan: It's also a word, so. Yes, than. That's right, it is to ask for fish instead of wood. Seek fish from the edge of the wood, although you can't fish, there is no disaster; Do what you want to do, do what you can, and there will be disasters afterwards. "
He said, "Can you hear me?"
Said, "The Zou people fought against the Chu people. Zou: At that time, the small country was in Zou County, Shandong Province. Chu: At that time, it was a big country. The subject of this sentence is "the person who left", and "the person who went out" is a prepositional structure as an adverbial. Who does the king think won? " Thinking: thinking. Who: Who?
Said: "Chu people win."
Yue said, "A small solid cannot defeat a big one. Small and big are adjectives used as nouns to refer to a small country or a big country. The same is true of the following "less, more, weaker and stronger". Solid: Originally. You can't defeat the strong with weakness, nor can you defeat the strong with weakness. One place within the sea, nine miles away, has nine pieces of land, thousands of miles away. " "Book of Rites Wang Xun": "Kyushu is within the sea, and the country is thousands of miles away. "This is a popular view during the Warring States period, which is not in line with the facts. There is one in the collection; Assembly: Meeting assembly refers to the sum of its areas. Take one as eight, take: multiply. Give in to. Why is it different from Zou's enemy Chu zai ○ With the metaphor of "Zou, barbarian, fighting with the Chu people" and the arrangement of sentences, we can get to the bottom of the disparity in size, quantity and strength, and point out that it is impossible to "take one suit for eight", thus fully explaining that it is not feasible to bully the weak, thus completely eliminating Qi Xuanwang's idea of unifying the world by bullying the weak. The cover is also the opposite! Gai (hé): a word with the same sound as "damn" and "why not". Also: auxiliary words in sentences are used to strengthen the tone of rhetorical questions. On the contrary: go back to that root. This refers to the implementation of benevolent government. ○ After criticizing bullying, he called to guide him to turn over a new leaf, was affectionate and instigated by the police. King today, today: shows the hypothetical tone, if now. Promulgate decrees and carry out benevolent policies. Let all the officials in the world want to stand in the king's dynasty. Official: Official. Chao: The imperial court. The tillers all want to plow the king's field, and the merchants all want to hide in the king's city. Businessman (g? ): Businessman. Hide: store goods. Travel is all Wang's paintings, travel: a person who travels outside. Out: in and out, through. Tu: Same as Tao, Tao. The desire of the world is tired of its monarch, disease: hatred. The word "desire" in this sentence has no solution, and it is suspected that it is Yan Wen. Think of the king; Think of the king: complain to the king. Go ahead, go ahead. Yes, use "v" ○ Five parallel sentences, trying to lay out the beautiful realm of the paradise of the king and the scene of returning to the heart of the world. If it is, it is: conjunction, if. Who can resist? " Know: This is the third person pronoun, which can be used flexibly and refers to the obedient party in the conversation. Here, I will talk about "you".
In the fourth paragraph, it demonstrates that Qi Xuanwang's great desire to conquer the world by bullying the weak cannot be realized, and persuades him to do the opposite.
Wang Dao: "I am confused, confused (hūn): I am confused, confused. If you can't get in, it's over. Advanced: refers to further understanding. So: for (what you said) these. May the Lord help me realize my ambition and help me. Here is to help me realize its meaning in order to teach me. Teach me clearly. With, connecting and connecting adverbial in the head language. Although I'm not sensitive, Min: Smart. Please try it. " Please: an adverb of respect, which can be translated as "please let me"
He said, "those who have perseverance but not constant production are constant: long-term and fixed." Constant production refers to the fixed property that can maintain life. Perseverance refers to the idea of keeping the Tao unchanged. Only a scholar can be competent; W: Adverb, only. Scholar: refers to a scholar who is unproductive. If people, if: conjunctions, say one thing and say another, then use "if" to pick it up; It can be translated as "as for". There is no constant production, because there is no perseverance. Then: then. Reason: Therefore. If there is no perseverance, if. There is no evil luxury, debauchery and improper behavior. Release and extravagance mean debauchery; Destruction ("deviant") and evil both mean improper behavior. Do whatever you want. Already: Pass "Yi". ○ The above words flatter the "scholars" and vilify the working people, but they also reflect the fact that the working people will inevitably resist under cruel exploitation and oppression. Fall into sin, then: wait. And then be punished accordingly. From: Tong. Punishment: Used as a verb to be punished by criminal law. It's Wang Min. Wang: Use "net" (net) as a verb to trap people. How can the benevolent be in power? How to: interrogative pronoun, where, used as adverbial. What can no people do? Therefore, the monarch controls the property of the people, so: so. System: regulations. Production: industry. I will make my back enough to serve my parents, and I will save the language after "building". Yang: That's right. Matter: Serve the food. Bow your head and be a concubine; Bow your head: down. Livestock (xù): Feeding. Wife: wife and children. Happy year: a good year. Lifelong satiety: I am full all year round. A famine year is a famine year. Fierce, no harvest. Death: hunger and escape. Death, escape. Then get rid of it. Okay, okay: take the right path. One: Go, go. Therefore, the people are also light. People obey: people obey him. Subject-predicate phrase is the subject of a sentence. The first "zhi" is used to cancel the independence of the phrase. Also: modal particles indicate stop. Light: guest is easy. Today still controls people's property, today still: now? Not enough adoptive parents, not enough wives, life-long happiness, and death in a fierce year is inevitable; This is just to teach death and fear not to support, but: only. Save (oneself) from death. Shàn, not enough, too late. Support, that's enough. Xia zhi Li yi! Xi: Where? Idle: idle. " "Xi" and "leisure" are both used as adverbials here. Governance: stress. If the king wants to do it, it means king. On the contrary. Ben: refers to the fundamental problem of benevolent governance of Wang Dao, that is, the basic content of controlling people's property described below. According to legend, in ancient times, a person could get five acres of land to build a house. Five acres, that is, more than two points per acre now. Tree: used as a verb to plant. Fifty can be worn; Clothing: used as a verb to wear. Silk: silk floss. Chickens, dolphins, dogs, domestic animals, dolphins (tún), piglets. Zhu (Zhu) pig Can't waste time, no: just like "no", don't Lost: missed. Time: refers to the breeding season of poultry and livestock. Seventy people can eat meat; In ancient times, a man could get 100 mu of farmland under the well field system. Don't seize the opportunity, don't: don't. Seize: to occupy. Time: refers to the farming time. A family of eight can be hungry; I am willing to teach you the order, and I am willing to pay attention to the order. Teaching of Xixiang sequence: school education. Yao and Xu are the names of ancient schools, Zhou said Yao and Yin said Xu. Is filial, Shen repeatedly told. Filial piety (t √): filial piety to parents and respect to brothers. Righteousness: truth. The person who gives the white medal is not responsible for hiding on the road. Grant (bān) white people: people with gray hair. Grant, with "point force. Negative: recite things. Dai: Use something on your head. ○ From the farm house to the ceremony, I wrote my own map of Wang Daoren's reform pattern in four layers, which not only explained his system, but also explained its benefits, clearly showing an attractive picture of a well-off life with ample food and clothing, living and working in peace and contentment. Old people eat meat and wear clothes and silk. Clothes (Y): Wear. Limin is neither hungry nor cold, limin: people, people. Li, Zhong. However, it is not the king, but the pronoun, so, so. It means "the old people eat meat, and the people are not hungry or cold." There's nothing. "Negative pronoun preposition object. ○ It echoes the beginning of "Protecting the people is king, irresistible" and forms a complete structure.