liu zongyuan
Su Yunzhou Zhu,
Xiao Riming Wu Cun
Gao Shu Lin Qing Chi,
The wind scares the night and it rains.
Don't give your heart anything,
I will be the guest and host.
This poem was written when Liu Zongyuan was exiled to Yongzhou for five years. It depicts the morning scene of Yugong Pool after the rain. It shows a beautiful picture of rain clouds by describing such scenery as Suyun, Dawn, Tall Trees and Clear Pool.
The poet closely followed the topic of "walking after rain" and first outlined the environment around Yugong Pool. The first sentence "Su Yunzhou's Note" pushed the time to last night, pointing out that after a night rain, the last few residual clouds in the sky floated away from the sandbar in the water. At this time, the morning sun rises gradually, and the bright sunshine shines on the villages far and near, making them bright.
Next, describe the close-up of the fish pond in detail. The tall trees face the clear pool water, and the green trees and the pool water set each other off. A gust of wind came, so that the rain beads left on the leaves of the rainy night seemed to be frightened and fell one after another. The poet's meticulous observation of the scenery is amazing. He captured the instantaneous dynamics of the scene and creatively personalized "Night Rain" with the word "Quiet". Suddenly, the landscape in the pen is full of vitality and fluidity. These two sentences are strangely conceived, and they paint a very brilliant and energetic picture with extremely concise language and distinctive scenery. Finally, describe the poet's feelings in the landscape. At present, the colors are bright and beautiful, and you can see an open and fluttering cloud, a village in the sun, a tall tree clearing the pool, and the wind and rain are falling. These scenes are dynamic and static, and are harmoniously unified in one picture. The poet was intoxicated by this pleasant beauty. In this rare "no attachments" moment, I deeply feel that I feel very comfortable with the natural scenery in front of me, just like welcoming the host and guest. A short poem depicts such a vivid and touching scenery, showing the poet's artistic skills in refining words and meanings. At the same time, the description of the scenery is full of the poet's emotions, and there are feelings in the scene, which makes the whole poem natural.
From midnight, the West Park is worth the moon.
liu zongyuan
Feel the smell of falling,
Open an account in Linxi Park.
On the cold moon, Dongling,
Dilute bamboo roots.
The stone spring is much louder than the ring,
When the mountain birds are noisy.
Depending on the age, Dan,
What will loneliness say?
Most of Liu Zongyuan's poems were written after relegation, mostly to express the sadness of living in exile and exile. This poem was written in the predicament that the poet was demoted to Yongzhou.
The beginning of the poem tied the meaning of the topic: late autumn, lonely on a cold night. Poets who are agitated are still lonely at midnight and can't sleep. There was a slight sound of "numerous dew" dripping from outside. As you can imagine, it was a quiet night. So he opened the door and went to the West Park. Outdoor, empty and quiet. A bright moon climbed up from the back of Dongshan Mountain and sprinkled its cold light on the sparse bamboo forest. The word "Lingling" is cleverly used here. The poet describes the moonlight with its meaning of "coolness", which contrasts with the word "coldness" in "Leng Yue" and deliberately renders a bleak artistic conception.
At this point, there was silence all around. At the foot of the mountain, the sound of spring water flowing from the crevices becomes clearer, and the wild birds in the mountain occasionally make a loud noise, reflecting the Qingyuan, quiet and empty environment.
The poet wrote about the quiet atmosphere around his residence, with "countless dewdrops" falling to the ground, a stone spring "ringing" and birds singing in the empty mountains and deep streams. This technique of entering silence with sound and contrasting dynamic and static vividly outlines the deep and quiet moonlight scenery. In this landscape, there are complicated thoughts and feelings as poets: grievances after being left out in the cold, loneliness of leaving their relatives in their hometown, and arrogant and noble feudal intellectuals? .
Facing the cold and silent scenery in front of him, the poet leaned against the door and meditated until dawn. Nevertheless, the poet could not get rid of his lonely and depressed mood, so he finally said, "What will loneliness say?" In a few words, all his pains and troubles were in silence.
Poets are good at choosing distinctive scenery to describe the tranquility of the earth and the emptiness of Shan Ye, so as to draw a picture of a moonlit night with quiet artistic conception, which is covered by countless dewdrops, Leng Yue, sparse bamboos, the sounds of stone springs and the birds singing in mountain streams, showing the characteristics of painting in poetry, silence is better than sound, and dynamic and static contrast.
Old fisherman
liu zongyuan
An old fisherman spent the night here, under the cliff in the west,
Small Qing Ji incense burning bamboo.
Then, at sunrise, he walked through the fog.
Alas, it's a green landscape.
I turned around and saw the waves coming from heaven.
Clouds on the cliff floated leisurely one after another.
These seven ancient poems and Liu Zongyuan's other five-line poem Jiang Xue are all about fishermen. The images of fishermen all reflect the ideal personality that poets yearn for, but each has its own artistic characteristics: the old man in Jiang Xue reflects cold light in the detached things, while the fishermen here reveal sadness in elegance.
"An old fisherman spent the night here, and under the western cliff, Xiaoxiang was burning the bamboo forest." Xiyan, the western mountain outside Yongzhou. In the first year of Shunzong Yongzhen (805), Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. He traveled all over this area and wrote "Eight Records of Yongzhou", which is known as "the last song of the ages", and expressed his thoughts with mountains and rivers. We read this poem together with Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, so that the beauty of mountains and rivers and the beauty of personality displayed in this group of works can reflect each other, and it is easier to see the poet's loneliness and lofty feelings in this period. The landscape characters in the works are branded with the poet's aesthetic taste. Why did Liu Zongyuan pay special attention to the image of fisherman between green mountains and green waters? Does he think of the scene where Qu Yuan was exiled to Xiaoxiang more than 0/000 years ago and had a heart-to-heart talk with fishermen by the river? Did Qu Yuan's noble tragic images of "making lotus flowers as clothes and picking hibiscus as clothes" and "drinking magnolia in the morning and autumn chrysanthemum in the evening" arouse the poet's feelings? With Liu Zongyuan's self-effacing personality, he would never compare himself with the sage Qu Yuan, but we can vaguely see the poet's shadow from the fisherman's interest in life. This fisherman lives in Xishan, where he is "carefree and suffocating, but he can't get his own limit. He travels with the creator, but he doesn't know what his poverty is" (the beginning of Travel Notes of Xishan Banquet). He drank "clear and beautiful" Xiaoxiang water, and even the bamboos cooked with water were spotted bamboos soaked in yellow tears. What a noble and poetic life! Doesn't this fisherman look like a scholar? The time changes from "night" to "dawn", the picture changes from dark to bright, and the relaxed poems of "Qing Xiang" and "Zhuzhu" make readers more relaxed and fascinated.
"Then, at sunrise, he walked through the fog, alas, it was a green landscape." After cooking in the morning, the wind and smoke are clean, and the mountains are illuminated by Zhao Hui. Shouldn't this fisherman be on his boat? However, there was no one there. Just as you were staring into the distance, suddenly there came a cheerful fishing song from the mountains. You can't help but feel happy. You were about to see the fairy's face, but the song drifted away and disappeared into the green everywhere. Is anybody there? In the end, I can't reach it-this hope is just a wish. It turns out that the previous "Stay" and "Xiao Ji" are all legends about this master. However, how wonderful, vague but true, "alas, it is a green landscape." When you wake up from a dream and look at the scenery in front of you, it seems that the mountains are greener and the water is greener. It seems that the beauty of this scenery is only called down from the fairyland with a sigh. No wonder Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, called it "strange interest", which is really an elegant and detached aesthetic realm with a little mysterious flavor.
You may be a little disappointed and have to go boating. However, when you are in the middle of a boat and look back at the top of the mountain where the fisherman lives, "I turn around and see the waves moving like from the sky, and the clouds on the cliff come idly, one after another." Fisherman-a simple fairy, living in the sky, ethereal, beyond the world. You see, the carefree realm of ancient and modern hermit Tao Yuanming has appeared on the rocks here again.
It should be said that this fisherman image written by Liu Zongyuan is not a realistic reflection of the life of fishermen in the middle Tang Dynasty, but an objectification of the poet's own interests. This image is noble, carefree and illusory at the same time; Behind them are the shadows of Qu Yuan and Tao Yuanming. In this way, readers can see a layer of sadness from the poet's painstaking ideas.
Liuzhou dongmang
Respondent: your manager Lan Ruo Xi, Grade 511-113: 09.
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Appreciation of Jiang Xue
There are no birds in the mountains, the mountains are heavy, and no birds fly over.
A thousand roads without footprints. The roads are all roads, and no one walks.
A boat, a bamboo cloak, a boat carrying an old man in hemp fiber,
An old man was fishing in the cold river snow. Heavy snow, fishing alone on the river.
Appreciate:
This is a little poem known to all women and children. The words are simple and the sentences are fluent, which makes people unforgettable. If one can only recite three ancient poems, Jiang Xue is one of them. When we revel in its simplicity, we can't help thinking about what it expresses.
How big can a poem be? Jiang Xue seems to provide a model. There was a "four-meaning interpretation method" in the interpretation and reading of the Bible in the Middle Ages in the West, which advocated understanding the Bible from four levels: word meaning, moral meaning, discipline meaning and spiritual meaning. We might as well appreciate this little poem in a multi-faceted sense.
First of all, from the simplest literal point of view, Jiang Xue provides a vivid picture of "fishing alone in the cold river". The first two sentences are the frozen background: Qian Shan is full of water, covered with snow, winding in all directions, freezing and miserable, with no bird in the sky and no pedestrian on the road. The last two sentences are small points: there is a river in this background with a small fishing boat on it. On the fishing boat, there was an old fisherman. He wore a fishing rod and fished alone. Description is very hierarchical, and many Chinese paintings are often based on it. The vast world is in sharp contrast with the small fisherman, and the whole picture gives people an intuitive feeling of "cold" and "silence".
"All scenery words are love words". We will immediately think that the poet probably doesn't just want to paint a meaningless picture, right? What is the feeling behind this bitter and silent picture? Since the failure of Yongzhen's innovation, the poet has been repeatedly persecuted and relegated to the desolate Yongzhou, and his political ambitions cannot be displayed. Like-minded friends live far apart, and his life is very lonely, with no friends and few companions. This is in a quiet and cold situation, and there are no lonely old fishermen in Qian Shan's world. Isn't this the poet's own situation?
However, comparing the political and life experiences of poets can be fulfilled one by one, but it can't stop our understanding of poetry. From a deeper point of view, this poem embodies the poet's indomitable spiritual realm in this bad luck: although he is deeply desperate, he does not regret his persistence, although he is in the snow and ice, he does not change his lofty aspirations. Some critics believe that in such a cold and quiet environment, the old fisherman is not afraid of the cold and snow, forgets everything and concentrates on fishing. Although he is lonely in form, his personality is lofty, aloof and inviolable. This fisherman image is actually the sustenance and portrayal of Liu Zongyuan's thoughts and feelings.
However, psychological depiction is not the highest level of understanding. Because such a spirit can only be displayed in such an environment, the real superiority of poetic realm lies in transcending this bitter and cold world and achieving spiritual silence. This is the realm of Zen. Deeply influenced by Buddhism and Zen, the poet must have a deep understanding of the Buddhism of "color is empty". Qianshan, birds, trails, people, rivers, boats, hooks and old people are all empty. The only thing that exists is the detachment of fishermen. What you catch is Zen, not fish.
In this way, we can appreciate the beauty of this little poem at different levels. Although there are different levels, each level has its own unique artistic beauty. There are profound meanings between the lines, which may be the reason why Jiang Xue has been amazing for thousands of years, and his cross occupies an important position in the history of China literature.
You just need to find a few sentences from it.