Trencher is an outstanding realistic narrative poem. It takes "seeing and hearing" as a clue, and goes deep step by step in chronological order, from dusk to night to long night to dawn, from lodging to farewell, to the police arresting people and tracking the old woman at night; Escape from the old man over the wall and sneak back afterwards; From the poet's lodging at dusk to his farewell at dawn, the whole story has a beginning, a development, a climax and an ending, and the plot is complete and quite tense. The beginning and end of the poem are narrative, with dialogue in the middle, and there are as many as five or six moving characters. The poet skillfully told the tragic experience of her family through the mouth of the old woman. The poet's narrative and the simple words of the old woman echo everywhere, closely linked, and the levels are very clear.
The poet reflected the truth and truth, hid the question and answered it, but only wrote the old woman's cry, wrote the subtext and voice-over from the cry, and integrated the image of the poor official into the "preface" of the old woman, which had an inexhaustible realm. The poet wrote the old woman's crying in plain language, without using any allusions, which was very suitable for the old woman's tone. With the repeated rhyme of the content, he formed a rhyme of deep grief and indignation, old age, singing three sighs and cadence, which made the depression and depression reach the extreme.
The whole poem describes feelings and events, except "what makes an official angry", which reveals his love and hate a little, and describes objective things. Here, through novel and ingenious artistic conception, the poet melts rich content and his own feelings into concrete images and pours them into objective narratives, so that things themselves can directly infect readers and stories themselves can reveal the poet's love and hate. This artistic technique of writing emptiness with reality, supplementing emptiness with reality, and making each other interesting makes the whole poem appear concise, concise and rich in connotation.
The first four sentences can be regarded as the first paragraph. The first sentence "cast stone ditch village at dusk", come straight to the point and tell the story directly. The words "dusk", "vote" and "village" need to be pondered, and readers can't let them go easily. In feudal society, due to the disorder of society and the desolation of the journey, tourists all "stay while it is still time", not to mention in the era of war and disaster. Du Fu, on the other hand, hurried to a small village for the night at dusk. This unusual scene is very enlightening. Either he doesn't dare to go this way at all; Or the nearby towns are empty and have nowhere to rest. In a word, a few words not only pointed out the time and place of stay, but also told the whole story about chaos, trouble and disorder, which provided a typical environment for the performance of tragedy. Pu Qilong pointed out that this poem "tends to catch people by tigers" not only means "officials catch people at night", but also the environment of the first sentence. The sentence "arresting people at the night of being an official" is the outline of the whole article, and the following plots all come from here. Saying "arresting people" instead of "recruiting soldiers", "counting soldiers" and "recruiting soldiers" is exposed and criticized in the truthful description. Coupled with the word "night", the meaning is even richer. First, it shows that the government's "arresting people" often happens, and people hide or resist during the day and cannot "catch" them; Second, it shows that the means of "arresting people" by county officials is vicious, and they make a sudden attack at night when the people have fallen asleep. At the same time, the poet threw himself into Shihao Village at dusk. Several hours have passed from dusk to night, and of course he has fallen asleep by this time. So he didn't take part in the later activities, but heard them through the door. The phrase "the old man crosses the wall and the old woman goes out" shows that the people have suffered from Ding for a long time and have no peace day and night; Even in the middle of the night, I still fidgeted. As soon as I heard the noise outside the door, I knew that the county officials had come to "arrest people" again. The old man immediately fled over the wall, and the old woman opened the door to deal with it.
These sixteen sentences can be regarded as the second paragraph, from "why do officials get angry when they shout" to "it is better to prepare for cooking in the morning" "Collectors call what anger! Why do women cry! " In two sentences, the sharp contradiction between "official" and "female" is summarized extremely incisively and vividly, and written vividly. A "shout", a "cry", an "anger" and a "bitterness" form a strong contrast; The two adverbials "Yihe" add more emotional color, effectively rendering the savage momentum of the county official like a wolf, and creating an atmosphere of grief and indignation for the old woman's complaint below. The two sides of the contradiction have a master-slave and causal relationship. "Why do women cry" is forced by "why do officials cry and get angry". Below, the poet no longer writes "official call", but writes "women cry" and "official call" to see himself. "Speak before listening to women" is a connecting link. That "listening" is the poet's "listening" and that "delivering a speech" is the old woman's "bitter cry" in response to the county magistrate's "angry cry". Thirteen poems written with the theme of "delivering a speech" have changed their rhymes many times, with obvious turning points, suggesting that county officials "shouted angrily" and pressed the topic many times. When reading these thirteen poems, don't think that the "old woman" said them all at once, while the county officials are all ears. In fact, "Why are officials angry?" Why do women cry? "Not only at the beginning of the activity, but also until the end of the activity. It is the first turning point from "three people guarding Yecheng" to "the dead are gone". As you can imagine, this is the first time that county officials have forced questions and complaints. Before this, the poet once wrote about the county officials catching tigers and arresting people with the phrase "officials catch people at night". When the old woman went out to see it, she jumped in. The thief looked everywhere, but couldn't find a man. She closed her eyes. Then he shouted, "Where are all the men in your family? Hand it over! The old woman sobbed and said, "All three sons are soldiers guarding Yecheng. One son just wrote that the other two sons are dead! ..... "Tears, I'm afraid the county officials don't believe me, and I have to take out letters to show them. In short, "the living drag out an ignoble existence, and the dead are long gone!" "The situation is sympathetic enough. She hopes to win the sympathy of county officials and be lenient. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate was angry again: "Is there no one else in your family? Hand it over! " She had to complain about this: "There is no one in the room, only the nursing children." These two sentences may not be said at once, because there is an obvious contradiction between "no one" and the following answer. The reasonable explanation is: the old woman said first: "There is no one at home!" " "At this time, the grandson hiding somewhere in his daughter-in-law's arms was scared to cry by the roar, and it didn't help. So the county magistrate seized the handle and threatened: "How dare you lie! Isn't there a child crying? " The old woman had no choice but to say, "There is only one grandson! Still eating milk, very small! " "Who eats milk? There must be a mother! Don't hand her over! " What the old lady was worried about finally happened! She had to bite the bullet and explain: "The grandson had a mother, and her husband died in Yecheng, and he didn't remarry because he had to nurse. Pity her rags, how can she meet people! Do me a favor! " But county officials still refused to stop. The old lady was afraid that her widowed daughter-in-law would be caught and starve her grandson, so she had to come forward: "Although the old lady is weak, please come back at night. I'm in a hurry to wait in the river, and I have to prepare breakfast. " The old woman's "speech" ended here, indicating that the county official reluctantly agreed and stopped "roaring".
Although there are only four sentences in the last paragraph, it takes care of the beginning, involves all the characters, and writes the ending of the event and the author's feelings. "The night is silent, like crying and choking." It shows that the old woman has been taken away, crying in a low voice when she walks, and she can't hear crying as she goes further and further. The word "night is long" reflects the long process of the old woman crying repeatedly and the county officials bullying in every way. On the one hand, the word "Ruwen" shows that the daughter-in-law was sobbing because her husband was killed and her mother-in-law was "caught", on the other hand, it also shows that the poet listened attentively and couldn't sleep all night. "Tomorrow is a sunny day, and I will be alone with the old man" is the whole article, which contains infinite affection in the narrative. The night before, both the old man and the old woman greeted the poet, but after a night, the old woman was taken away and her daughter-in-law was sobbing, so she had to say goodbye to the old man who had escaped. What the old man's mood is, and what the poet thinks, all these leave the reader with room for imagination.