1. The heavy mentality caused by national consciousness has gradually faded since the Qing Dynasty's official poets began to "apply to the South and the Northern Song Dynasty", and their poems have begun to get along harmoniously with the current regime with a new look. Wang Shizhen's verve theory is the fundamental completion of this transformation.
2. The so-called "verve theory" is to try to get rid of the interference of social factors such as politics on the art of poetry, and pay attention to the simple and fresh realm and implicit language of poetry itself, so as to strengthen the recreational function of poetry.
Modal theory
1. With the death of Wang Shizhen in Qing Dynasty, the era of relative unity in the field of poetry ended, and disputes among various poetry schools became lively. The "tone theory" of the patriarchal Tang Dynasty, represented by Shen Deqian, is one of the important roles. Tffil
2. The so-called "mode theory" is to express feudal politics and ethical thoughts with the style of Tang poetry, in fact, to make poetry serve feudal politics and ethics. In order to achieve this goal, Shen Deqian thought that the Confucian tradition of "gentleness and sincerity" and "loyalty and peace" should be restored, and this intention was put into practice with the style of Tang poetry.
texture theory I
1. Weng Fanggang, a writer in Qing Dynasty, thought that the problem of Wang Shizhen's "verve theory" was vague, while Shen Deqian's "mode theory" was that he was ignorant of the past, so he put forward the "texture theory".
2. The so-called texture theory includes "righteousness" based on Confucian classics and "arts and sciences" in structural rhetoric. In fact, Weng Fanggang's theory of texture requires taking knowledge as the foundation, enriching the content of poetry with textual research, and unifying righteousness and arts and sciences.
Theory of Soul
1. The school of Soul Poetry, represented by Yuan Mei during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, took over the slogan of "expressing the soul alone" from the public security school and thought that writing poetry should express people's true nature. He totally rejected all kinds of poetic theories since the Qing Dynasty. His anti-tradition and innovation characteristics challenge the powerful authority of the traditional literary view since the Qing Dynasty.
2. the achievements of the school of spirituality are mainly poetry, among which the seven verses and seven laws are the best. For example, "Spring Miscellaneous Poems" reveals a relaxed and lively life atmosphere in the calm and quiet, which is very comfortable and natural; Ma Wei has a novel meaning and a fundamental change in emotional tendency, which can be called a poem that speaks for the people.
Yang Xian School
1. Chen Weisong's ci poets in Qing Dynasty, Fa Su and Xin, were especially close to Xin Qiji's bold and desolate ci style. For example, the first piece of "Little Fantasy Imagination" in "Little Red Lips", the second piece looks back on the past with the momentum created in the last piece, revealing the author's sad and generous state of mind. 91 pyiy
2. Chen Weisong is a native of Yixing, Jiangsu Province, and the ancient name of Yixing is "Yangxian", so the school of Ci represented by Chen Weisong is called "Yangxian School". Other writers who belong to this school are Jiang Shiquan. ?
Zhejiang West School
1. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Yizun recommended the works of graceful poets such as Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty, and thought that Zhang Yan's "empty realm" was the highest standard of lyrics. This view actually pays more attention to the rhythm and skills of words, and the style of words is mellow, elegant and beautiful. {
2. Zhu Yizun's theory of ci and his ci works have been recognized by western Zhejiang ci writers. Many people take Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan advertised by Zhu Yizun as models, and this trend is very popular at one time. Later, Gong Xianglin chose Zhu Yizun, Li Liangnian and his own ci as Six Ci Poems in West Zhejiang, hence the name of "Ci School in West Zhejiang".
3. Li E inherited Zhu Yizun's opinion, and thought that Zhou Bangyan and Jiang Kui's elegant and beautiful ci style was better than Xin Qiji's generous and bold ci style. Different from Zhu Yizun, the lonely and cold mood in his poems is more prominent. T*Y}
Changzhou School
1. During the Ganjia period, the realistic atmosphere represented by Pu Xue enveloped the whole society, and the tendency of attaching importance to reality in the literary field also became an important aesthetic value orientation in this period. Influenced by this atmosphere, the style of paying attention to quality in the ci circles in this period replaced the sentimental and passionate style in the early Qing Dynasty. The rise of Changzhou Ci School, represented by Zhang Huiyan, is the manifestation of this difference.
2. Zhang Huiyan advocates the restoration of tradition from the perspective of content and substance, and emphasizes the expression of personal life and twists and turns. His desire to restore the tradition is difficult to achieve fundamentally. His words are vigorous and elegant in style. The style of ci poetry is solid, but its content scope is still narrow.
Tongcheng School
1. Tongcheng School is an important prose school in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The representatives Fang Bao, Liu Dakui and Yao Nai are all from Tongcheng, Anhui Province, so they are called Tongcheng School.
2. The basic feature of Tongcheng School's prose theory is that it is based on Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, serves the Qing Dynasty regime, takes the ancient prose of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and eight schools of Tang and Song Dynasties as models, and has detailed and systematic prose theory in article system and practice. G
3. Fang Bao summed up the core of his prose theory as "righteousness and law", which means "words have substance" and "law" means orderly words. Liu Dakui, a disciple of Fang Bao, plays a connecting role. Yao Nai's main contribution to the theory of ancient Chinese prose is to integrate and summarize the previous theories, making them more specific. He emphasized the combination of righteousness, textual research and article. He also put forward "eight essentials" to integrate righteousness, textual research and articles into practice; Many styles of writing can be classified as "masculine" and "feminine". X5 {
4. Yao Nai not only developed the prose theory of Tongcheng School, but also formed a huge prose system of Tongcheng School around him. Guan Tong, Mei Zengliang, Fang Dongshu and Yao Ying are known as the "four great disciples"
Tang and Song School
Jiajing School. They oppose the archaism of the former and the latter seven, and advocate that the articles adopt the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Wang Shenzhong, Tang Shunzhi, Mao Kun and Gui Youguang. They are called "Tang and Song School".
childlike innocence: Li Zhi advocates' childlike innocence', and childlike innocence means sincerity.
"Jingling School": Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun, who are opposed to the imitation of antiquity, but emphasize the pursuit of spirituality from ancient poetry and broaden their eyes in poetry, thus forming a "deep and lonely" artistic style in this school of literature.
Chaling Poetry School
represented by Li Dongyang, wrote poems that advocated patriarchal Du Fu and emphasized the tone of statutes, which had an impact on the style of writing in Taige and had a direct impact on the poetic opinions of the first seven sons later.